Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; Syncope, Vasovagal ; drug therapy

BACKGROUND:Posterior maleolar fracture is an important factor affecting the prognosis of ankle fractures. Posterior maleolar fracture often caused by high energy trauma. Using what kind of fixation and fixation materials biomechanics, and how to embed has become a current research hotspot. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical outcomes of different fixation materials on posterior maleolar fracture, and analyze the effect of different fixation methods on biomechanical outcome of posterior maleolar fracture fixation, so as to provide a basis and reference of selecting the best fixation for the clinical treatment of ankle fracture. METHODS: The relevant literature included by PubMed database and the China National Knowledge database from the year of 1976 to 2015 were retrieved by the first author through computer. English key words are “Ankle fracture; internal fixation; biomechanics; biocompatibility”, Chinese language search terms are “posterior maleolar fracture; internal fixation; biomechanics; biocompatibility”. Summarize the most commonly used metal fixation materials and absorbable content materials. The clinical commonly used metal fixation materials including bone plate and screws, absorbable fixation materials such as biodegradable material polylactic acid, polyethylene plastic ester, polylactide gum ester, etc. The biomechanical properties were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The new locking screw can withstand more buckling and shear force. Lag screw has a tapping action, and the puling was stronger after tapping, but for patients with osteoporosis, the pressure effect of screw on fracture fragments was limited, the strength was not enough, at this time, locking plate should be used. Locking plate has a greater stability and higher confrontational feature to bending stress, less likely to pul out. Steel coupling screw provides better stability. To avoid secondary removing of the fixation, stress protection after fixation and other shortcomings after the metal material fixation fracture healing, the strength of the absorbable fixation material made by biodegradable material polylactic acid, polyvinyl acetate glue and polypropylene plastic ester after high temperature and pressure processing was increased. Absorbable fixation material may overcome the adverse effects associated with metal fixation, such as imageological examination, secondary implant removal. These results show that the mechanical properties of the absorbable screws are more closer to human bone, no surrounding bone vulnerability due to stress shields, no osteoporosis occurs, and can degrade in the body, but its fixation strength is stil less than the traditional fixed screw and bone plate. We should choose a suitable fixation material according to the forces of fracture site and the size of the fracture fragments.

Adult ; Antidepressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bipolar Disorder ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perylene ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

BACKGROUND:Cauda equina syndrome often induces skin hypoesthesia in the perineal area, poor urine-stool control, and impairs male function. After peripheral nerve fiber injury, apoptosis of neurons appeared. This is associated with the nature of the injury, the types of neurons, the species of animals, the age, and the distance between neurons. OBJECTIVE:To explore the motor neuron apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated protein in the anterior horn of the spinal cord after acute cauda equina compression. METHODS:A total of 27 canines were randomly divided into three groups. In the compression and control groups, models of cauda equina compression were established. In the normal group, no models were established. Compression group received water sac compression for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours, with three models in each group. In the control group, only water sac was implanted, but water was not injected. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase TdT-mediated biotin dUTP nick end-labeling assay was used to detect the apoptosis of neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 protein expressions were measured by immunohistochemical staining (strept avidin-biotin complex). Gray values of positive cels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein expressions were detected using Qwin550Cw image colection and analysis system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The apoptosis of motor neuron occurred in the compression groups. At 12 hours of compression, positive cels were detected, and the number of positive cels reached a peak at 72 hours. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression was smal in the normal group. Caspase-3 protein expression was not detected in the normal and control groups. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly increased at 8 hours, peaked at 72 hours and reduced to a normal level at 168 hours. The increased range of Bax protein expression was bigger than that of Bcl-2. Caspase-3 protein began to express at 12 hours, peaked at 72 hours and reduced to a low level at 168 hours. Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression peaked at 72 hours, and Bcl-2 protein expression was not obviously increased. These findings verified that after acute cauda equina compression, the apoptosis of neurons occurred in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression showed an antagonistic action. In the Bax/Bcl-2 complex, Bax protein in a high expression promoted apoptosis, induced Caspase-3 protein expression, and neuronal apoptosis.

BACKGROUND:Animal studies have shown that cauda equina compression can induce apoptosis of lumbosacral spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the pathological change in lumbosacral spinal cord after acute cauda equina compression in dogs.
METHODS:A total of 27 dogs were randomly divided into nine groups, with three dogs in each group. There were one normal control group, seven experimental groups and one sham surgery group. In the experimental group, an empty water sac was implanted above epidural fat below L6 vertebral plate. Compression was given by injecting water at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. In the sham surgery group, an empty water sac was implanted, but compression was not given. At the time of compression, the spinal cord sent out by cauda equina nerve and adjacent to the head end was subjected to histopathological examination.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Results of light microscope:at 4-48 hours of compression, spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons did not alter. At 72 hours, motor neurons became smal , cel membrane shrank and separated from surrounding tissues. Cel s were homogenous and darkly stained. At 168 hours, motor neurons disappeared, but spinal cord sections of the adjacent head end did not shown abnormal motor neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn. (2) Results of electron microscope:at 12 hours, spinal cord tissue began to swel , and the swel ing aggravated with prolonged time of compression. The swel ing of glial cel s was apparent. At 168 hours, myelin sheath structure dissolved;axons showed vacuolization;axoplasm spil ed, and exhibited inflammatory injury-like changes. (3) Apoptotic results of spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons:apoptosis appeared at 12 hours of compression, became increased, and showed an increased trend at 168 hours.

Objective To study the integration and expression of HLA-B2704 gene in HLA-B2704 transgenic mice. Methods HLA-B2704 gene was introduced into fertilized eggs of C57BL/6?Kunming and Kunming?Kunming by microinjection. The founder mice were screened by PCR for integration of HLA-B2704 transgene and were then further confirmed by southern blot. RT-PCR and flow cytometry were carried out to detect the expression of HLA-B2704 gene at mRNA and protein level. Results Ten F0 hybrid mice carried HLA-B2704 gene in 101 F0 hybrid mice, 3 of 64 (4.7%) hybrid mice from Kunming?Kunming and 7 of 37 (18.9%) hybrid mice from C57BL/6?Kunming background carried HLA-B2704 gene. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference in the integration rate between the two groups (P

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, the essential enzyme for the production of cyclodextrins, has become the focus of scientific research nowadays. Although many related enzyme properties are well known, the crucial factors in product specificity determination remain to be answered. Here, the recent research progresses of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, especially those about the evolution of product specificity, were reviewed, and the scientific problems were discussed.
Archaeal Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bacillus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; Cyclodextrins ; metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Glucosyltransferases ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mutation ; Thermoanaerobacterium ; enzymology ; genetics ; Thermococcus

Objective To study the relationship between level of plasma glucose and cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods Two hundred PD patients were assessed cognitive function using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),Wechsler Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Memory Scale.The patients were divided into cognitive normal group (n=91) and cognitive impairment group (n=109).One hundred twenty-six normal subjects were enrolled as control group (n=126).The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),postprandial plasma glucose (2hPPG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus were compared among the groups.The effect of blood glucose level on the cognitive function of PD patients was analyzed by Binary Logistic Regression.Results The levels of FPG,HbAlc and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus [5.19 (0.72),5.7％ (0.5％),14％] were significantly higher than those in the normal control group [4.85(0.79),5.6％ (0.5％),6％] (P＜0.05).The levels of FPG in PD patients with cognitive impairment [5.21 (1.32)] was significantly higher than that in PD patients with cognitive normal group [4.81 (0.95)] (P＜0.05).Although 2hPPG and HbAlc increased slightly in PD patients with cognitive impairment,the difference did not reach an significant level (P＞0.05).Binary Logistic Regression analysis showed that FPG(OR:1.764;95％ CI:0.06-3.244;P=0.068) was not associated with the impaired cognitive function in PD patients.Conclusion The present study has not revealed an association between the incidence of cognitive impairment in patients with PD and plasma glucose level although high plasma glucose may be a high risk factor for PD patients.

Objective To explore the effect of treating posterolateral tibial plateau fractures via the fibular osteotomy approach.Methods From August 2009 to August 2011,17 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures,including 12 males and 5 females,aged from 24 to 76 years (average,37.8 years),were treated via the fibular osteotomy approach in our hospital.According to the Schatzker classification,8 cases were type Ⅱ,3 cases were type Ⅲ,6 cases were type V.After operation,X-rays were taken in all patients,and Rasmussen's radiological and functional gradings were used to evaluate radiological and functional outcomes of knees.Results All patients obtained follow-up,ranged from 9 to 35 months (average,18months).The healing time of the fracture ranged from 10.0 to 18.0 weeks (average,13.5 weeks).During the period of followed-up,there was no loss of reduction; one case presented with symptoms of common peroneal nerve injury,such as local hypesthesia in distal lateral lower leg and dorsi pedis,which recovered two weeks postoperatively.According to Rasmussen's radiological grading,the mean score of the knee joint was 17.5(range,14.0 to 18.0).The range of motion of the knee joint ranged from -5°to 135°(average,123.5o).According to Rasmussen's functional grading,the mean score of the knee joint was 26.9 (range,22 to 30).Conclusion Treating posterolateral tibial plateau fractures via the fibular osteotomy approach can obtain sufficient exposure,good reduction and fixation,and avoid flexion contracture of the knee and peripheral vascular nerve injury.Moreover,postoperative function and stability of the knee joint recover well.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase induced (EMMPRIN) in the interface tissue, and explore the role of EMMPRIN in the aseptic loosening of prostheses.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was performed to characterize the EMMPRIN-expressing cells at sites of interface tissue around aseptic loosened hip prostheses in 16 cases. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to study the existence of EMMPRIN mRNA in interface tissue samples. And it was followed up by computer assisted image analysis in order to detect the A values of their expression. Synovium of hip joint of 8 femoral neck fracture were in control group.

RESULTSStrong immunostaining of EMMPRIN was found in the macrophages and fibroblasts of lining-like layers and vascular endothelium of synovial membrane-like interface tissue around loosened prostheses. Expression of EMMPRIN was significantly higher in interface tissue than the control synovium (z=-3.252, P=0.001). RT-PCR of interface tissue samples disclosed the presence of EMMPRIN mRNA of 14 cases. In interface tissue, the A value of EMMPRIN increased significantly compared to control synovium (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONOver-expression of EMMPRIN up-regulates the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) in the interface tissue. And it can promote the bone destruction around prostheses. Thereby it may be one of methods to prevent and treat aseptic loosening of prostheses by repression the biology activity of EMMPRIN.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Basigin ; genetics ; physiology ; Female ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Osteolysis ; physiopathology ; Prosthesis Failure ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Synovial Membrane ; metabolism