Objective To evaluate the diagnosis value of digestive tract clinical symptoms in multiple myeloma.Methods 21 patients with multiple myeloma with digestive tract symptoms as initial clinical manifestations were analyzed.Results In 21 patients,52% below 50 years(hepatomegaly and splenomegaly was 73%),abdominalgia and diarrhea,hematocytopenia,proteinuria were 57%,90% and 67%,respectively.Conclusion Digestive tract symptoms,especially hepatomegaly and splenomegaly,occur mostly in younger patients.Hematocytopenia and proteinuria are important clue in diagnosis of multiple myeloma.Digestive tract symptoms are the common clinical manifestations,but not chief clinical features in multiple myeloma.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the transition state between normal aging and AD. There are better detection and treatment methods to screen a population of patients with MCI. Through intervention, the probability of MCI conversion to AD can be significantly reduced. This paper first introduces the concept of cost-effectiveness analysis, reconsiders the concept of cost for the particularity of MCI, and uses QALY to evaluate the health effects of the quality of life. Then measure the health quality of life of elderly MCI population, and use Markov model to study the cost of intervention with traditional Chinese medicine-effectiveness analysis. Finally, according to the QALY measure and CEA results, we draw the conclusion that it's helpful to get early intervention in MCI.
Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; economics ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Markov Chains ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics

Objective To explore the insulation effect of the coating so as to relieve the influence of solar overtemperature on the tent system.Methods The tent had an integrated structure with multi cavity and air column support,and the confined space was composed of the dual-layer tent body.There were 4 measuring points in the tent,of which,one was at the filter vent,two ones at the ceiling lamp and the remained one above the curtain in the buffer area.The tent was deployed in summer outdoor environment,four thermographs were used for real-time recording of intemal temperature changes in the tents with or without coating,and the recording began at 8:00 am and stopped at 5:00 pm.Comparison proved there was no significant differences between the measured values by the four thermographs (P＞0.05),and correlation analysis was executed based on numerical trend and variance analysis.Results The coating tent had the internal temperature lower than that in the non-coating tent,which had low mean temperature and low temperature range.The internal temperature in the coating tent was lower than ambient temperature at noon and afternoon,which meant the coating tent could lower the temperature effectively even in the duration at high temperature.Concusion Thermal insulation coating applied to the tent relieves the solar overtemperature effect effectively,and thus enhances the the tent's thermal environment adaptability.

OBJECTIVEFrom May 2009-January 2010, a total of 3768 biosamples were tested for influenza A (H1N1) infection at Zhengzhou center for disease control and prevention, China. 1452 cases were laboratory confirmed H1N1 infection and 2316 were considered suspected victims. To evaluate the current protocol of influenza A (H1N1) based on the epidemic situations of Zhengzhou, relationships among features were explored and whether additional clinical characteristics should be part of H1N1 diagnosis protocols were determined.

METHODSBoth clinical and epidemiologic findings as well as statistical analyses were described in this article. Test for independence between features related to the disease diagnosis has been proposed. Furthermore, logistic regression was carried out to measure the association among features and latent class analysis was performed to identify additional crucial features in laboratory confirmed H1N1 by building various latent models with different combinatorial features.

RESULTSThe mean generation time for H1N1 was estimated as 3.59 +/- 1.41 days (range = 2.01-7.26). The estimated infection rate was 0.258 +/- 0.088 3, and reproduction number was 1.94 (95% CI = 1.12-3.18). Our results revealed that the six features, including molecular detections using three separate primer/probe sets, gender, age and temperature, are all associated with clinical diagnosis of H1N1, and that three separate primer/probe sets for laboratory confirmed H1N1, age and temperature are associated with each other.

CONCLUSIONAdditional clinical features applied into the H1N1 diagnosis with current three primers/probe sets can increase the diagnostic efficiency.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo explore the regulatory effect of arginine on the secretion of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), and the mechanism of enhancing the immune function by arginine.

METHODSWistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC), wound control (WC), and wound with arginine (Arg) groups, with 8 rats in each group. The rats in WC and Arg groups were inflicted with soft tissue trauma on the back. The rats in Arg group were fed a diet supplemented with 5% arginine for one week, while those in NC and WC groups were fed with glycine. The serum contents of arginine, ornithine, growth factor (GH), NO and IGF-I were determined 7 days after feeding. T cell proliferation and IGF-I mRNA expression in hepatic tissue were also measured. Meanwhile, the rat hepatocytes were cultured in serum-free medium containing different concentrations of arginine. The supernatant was collected for the determination of IGF-I level.

RESULTS1). There was no obvious difference of the serum level of arginine and ornithine between NC and WC groups (P > 0.05), but the contents of them were obviously higher in the Arg group compared with other two groups (P < 0.01). 2). No difference in the serum GH level was found among all the groups (P > 0.05), but the serum NO content in WC and Arg groups was significantly lower than that in NC group (P < 0.01), and the serum IGF-I content in WC group decreased obviously compared with that in NC group (P < 0.01). 3). The thymocyte proliferation rate in WC group was also markedly lower than that in NC group (P < 0.01), but that in Arg group was improved compared with WC group (P < 0.01). 4). The expression of hepatic IGF-I mRNA: The relative value of IGF-I mRNA was 1.19 +/- 0.06, 1.08 +/- 0.06 and 1.29 +/- 0.06 in NC, WC and Arg, respectively, while the value in WC was lower than that in NC (P < 0.05) group, and that in Arg group was much higher than that in WC group (P < 0.01). 5). The IGF-I level in the supernatant of cultured hepatocytes: When Arg concentration was 0.0750, 0.7500, 7.5000 mmol/L in the culture medium, the IGF-I level in the supernatant of hepatic cell medi-um was obviously higher than that in the medium without arginine (P < 0.01). Although IGF-I level decreased in the culture medium with arginine in the dose of 37.5000 mmol/L, it was still obviously higher than that in the medium without arginine (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONArginine could also produce the immune enhancing effect by stimulating hepatic IGF-I secretion.

Animals ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; Enteral Nutrition ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; secretion ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; metabolism ; therapy

In early 2011, the serious outbreak of porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection suddenly recurred in Henan and neighboring Provinces. To investigate the etiology of massive infection with PRV, 16 800 serum samples, 905 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) back-feeding tissues, and 56 PR gene deleted live vaccines were colleted from January 2011 to May 2013 to detect PRV field infection using a PRV gE antibody test kit. The gE and TK genes of 11 new epidemic PRV strains were sequenced by PCR, and their molecular characteristics were analyzed. Moreover, virus titer determination, protective test against PRV, and vaccine potency testing were performed. The results showed that the detection rate of PRV field infection-positive pig farms was 68.06%, and the overall positive rate of PRV field infection in serum was 38.47%; the positive rates in breeding sows, breeding boars, reserve pigs, and commercial pigs were 40.12%, 30.88%, 54.67%, and 26.52%, respectively. The new epidemic strains were in the same evolutionary branch and belonged to the virulent strain group. Compared with the classical PRV strain, the virulence of new epidemic strains changed a little. The length of gE gene was 1 787 bp, and the length of TK gene was 963 bp. The nucleotide homologies of gE and TK genes to Chinese reference strains were 98.2%-99.8% and 98.90%-99.6%, respectively, and the amino acid homologies were 97.1%-99.8% and 97.5%-99.4%, respectively. Commercial vaccine had a 100% protective effect against the new epidemic strains. The positive rate of PRV field infection was 0% in vaccine and 40.44% in back-feeding tissues. The results confirmed that PRV field infection rates were rising sharply among pigs in Henan and neighboring Provinces after 2011. The main virulence genes of new epidemic PRV strains did not change significantly over the years. PR gene deleted live vaccines had no PRV field infection and could completely resist the attack of new strains. The virus carriage of breeding boars and reserve pigs and the serious PRV field infection in PEDV back-feeding tissues were the main causative factors for massive infection with PRV and epidemic outbreak in Henan and neighboring Provinces from 2011 to 2013.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animal Feed ; analysis ; virology ; Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Female ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Pseudorabies ; epidemiology ; virology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Sus scrofa ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

BACKGROUND: Femoral intertrochanteric fracture is a common fracture type in elderly patients, and which kind of internal fixation system is better remains controversial.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term efficacy of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) system versus intertrochanteric antegrade nail (InterTan) system in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture.METHODS: Forty-five patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture were divided into PFNA (n=19) and InterTan (n=26) groups. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss hospitalization time, incidence of complications and Harris hip scores at postoperative 3 months were compared between two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Patients with PFNAs enjoyed a significantly shorter operation time at (125.8±21.5) minutes compared those with InterTans who needed (156.2±54.5) minutes (P < 0.05). (2) The intraoperative blood loss in the PFNA and InterTan groups was (226.3±107.2) mL and (300.0±150.3) mL, respectively, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). (3) No significant difference was identified in the hospitalization time, incidence of complications and Harris hip scores at postoperative 3 months between two groups (P > 0.05). (5) Our findings indicate that except for short operation time in PFNA system, there are no significant differences in the intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, incidence of complications and Harris hip scores at postoperative 3 months between two internal fixation systems,and both possess good safety and efficacy in postoperative short period.

OBJECTIVE: To compare morphine and codeine concentration in urines of heroin abusers and codeine users and to discuss the judgment index to distinguish between heroin abuser and codeine user. METHODS: The urines of heroin abusers and codeine users were collected at different time periods. After protein precipitation, the urine samples were conducted for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of morphine and codeine by UPLC-MS/MS. And the results were all statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that morphine and codeine concentration in urines of heroin abusers and codeine users were both abnormal distributions. The probability of the heroin abuser would be more than 95% and less than 5% for the codeine user when the concentration of morphine in urine sample was more than 67 ng/mL. The probability of the codeine user would be more than 95% and less than 5% for the heroin abuser when the concentration of morphine in urine sample was less than 67 ng/mL. CONCLUSION The morphine concentration in urine could be used as a criterion to distinguish the heroin abuser from the codeine user, while the codeine concentration could not.
Administration, Oral ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Codeine/urine* ; Forensic Toxicology/methods* ; Heroin Dependence/urine* ; Humans ; Morphine/urine* ; Solutions ; Substance Abuse Detection/methods* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods*

Objective To explore the effect of chlorpromazine on neocortical high-voltage spindles(HVSs)and facial twitching in freely moving normal adult rats.Methods Continuous video,neocortical electroencephalogram(EEG)and facial electromyography(EMG)were recorded simultaneously for at least 6 h in freely moving rats.The number and mean duration of HVSs,and the facial muscular activity were analyzed after administration of chlorpromazine.Results HVSs spontaneously appeared in behavioral waking-immobility rats with accidental hyperspasmia.After rats being administrated with chlorpromazine at a dose of 1.5(mg/kg)and 3.0(mg/kg),the facial rhythmic muscular activity increased,the duration of rhythmic muscular activity prolonged,the number of HVSs increased and the mean duration of HVSs prolonged.Conclusion Chlorpromazine could enhance the physiological HVSs and facial twitching,indicating that the side effect at the extrapyramidal system of antipsychotic maybe relate to HVSs and dopamine receptor may contribute to the regulation of HVSs.

OBJECTIVETo find out the relationship of traffic accidents with life events, driving stress, aggressive driving, etc.

METHODSA total of 905 automobile drivers were investigated with life events scale (LES), general driver stress questionnaire, driver behavior inventory and accidents experience, etc.

RESULTSThe scores of life events, driving stress, and aggressive driving in accident drivers (21.79 +/- 14.10, 23.81 +/- 11.86, 9.42 +/- 8.25 respectively) were higher than those in nonaccident drivers (16.82 +/- 8.45, 20.09 +/- 10.63, 5.66 +/- 7.54) (P < 0.01). The number of vehicle accidents was significantly correlated with the scores of LES, driving stress, driver's aggressive behavior, drowsy driving, weekly time of driving, drinking index (P < 0.05). A logistic analysis (Forward:LR) showed that the driving hour, drowsy driving, aggressive driving, and drinking index were closely related with traffic accidents (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONLife events, driving stress and aggressive driving of the drivers are important factors related to traffic accidents.

Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Aged ; Automobile Driving ; psychology ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires