Objective To observe the protective effects of natural antioxidant tea polyphenols(TP) on myocardial free radical metabolic disorder in mice induced by inhalation of hypobaric pure oxygen under 5500 m hypobaric condition. Method Fourty-two male Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups(n=14 each):group A, normal control; group B, inhalation of pure oxygen(>96%) at simulated altitude of 5500 m in an animal altitude chamber;group C(TP protection group), same as group B but 100 mg/kg of TP was given orally before the exposure. The exposure time was 2 h/d,3 d/wk for a total of 8 wk, and distilled water was given to groups A and B before exposure. After experiment, the mice were decapitated on the next day and the heart was quickly removed. Malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and nitric oxide(NO) content were measured. In addition, Cu,Zn-SOD and inducible NO synthase(iNOS) enzymatic contents in myocardial tissue were qualitatively examined by immunohistochemical assaying. Result Compared with the control, MDA concentration, SOD activity and Cu,Zn-SOD enzymatic content in group B were significantly increased(P<0.05).But in TP protection group, myocardial MDA formation was significantly decreased(P<0.01) and SOD activity and Cu,Zn-SOD expression restored to normal. On the contrary, myocardial NO generation and iNOS expression were significantly reduced after repeated inhalation of hypobaric oxygen at 5500 m.NO metabolism regained to normal after repeated administration of TP. Conclusion Natural antioxidant TP had protective effects on myocardial free radical metabolic disorder induced by inhalation of hypobaric pure oxygen under 5500 m hypobaric condition.

BACKGROUND:Posterior maleolar fracture is an important factor affecting the prognosis of ankle fractures. Posterior maleolar fracture often caused by high energy trauma. Using what kind of fixation and fixation materials biomechanics, and how to embed has become a current research hotspot. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical outcomes of different fixation materials on posterior maleolar fracture, and analyze the effect of different fixation methods on biomechanical outcome of posterior maleolar fracture fixation, so as to provide a basis and reference of selecting the best fixation for the clinical treatment of ankle fracture. METHODS: The relevant literature included by PubMed database and the China National Knowledge database from the year of 1976 to 2015 were retrieved by the first author through computer. English key words are “Ankle fracture; internal fixation; biomechanics; biocompatibility”, Chinese language search terms are “posterior maleolar fracture; internal fixation; biomechanics; biocompatibility”. Summarize the most commonly used metal fixation materials and absorbable content materials. The clinical commonly used metal fixation materials including bone plate and screws, absorbable fixation materials such as biodegradable material polylactic acid, polyethylene plastic ester, polylactide gum ester, etc. The biomechanical properties were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The new locking screw can withstand more buckling and shear force. Lag screw has a tapping action, and the puling was stronger after tapping, but for patients with osteoporosis, the pressure effect of screw on fracture fragments was limited, the strength was not enough, at this time, locking plate should be used. Locking plate has a greater stability and higher confrontational feature to bending stress, less likely to pul out. Steel coupling screw provides better stability. To avoid secondary removing of the fixation, stress protection after fixation and other shortcomings after the metal material fixation fracture healing, the strength of the absorbable fixation material made by biodegradable material polylactic acid, polyvinyl acetate glue and polypropylene plastic ester after high temperature and pressure processing was increased. Absorbable fixation material may overcome the adverse effects associated with metal fixation, such as imageological examination, secondary implant removal. These results show that the mechanical properties of the absorbable screws are more closer to human bone, no surrounding bone vulnerability due to stress shields, no osteoporosis occurs, and can degrade in the body, but its fixation strength is stil less than the traditional fixed screw and bone plate. We should choose a suitable fixation material according to the forces of fracture site and the size of the fracture fragments.

Objective To evaluate the MUC1 promoter's role in driving gene expression in pancreatic cancer and its therapeutic significance.Methods Two plasmids were made.The plasmid pEGFP-MUC1N1 contained MUC1 promoter fragment connected to the pEGFP-N1 vector with the EGFG reporter gene.The pShuttle-MUC1-EGFP plasmid contained MUC1 promoter fragment and EGFP reporter gene connected to pShuttle plasmid.Lipofectamine 2000 was used to transfect the two plasmids into cells of MUC1-positive human pancreatic cell line Panc-1 and MUC1-negative human cervical carcinoma Hela.Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry compared the specificity and activity of the MUC1 promoter and CMV promoter.Results Reporter gene EGFP-positive cells 48 hours after transfection with pEGFP-MUC1-N1 and pShuttleMUC1-EGFP plasmid were 69.6％ and 63.6％ respectively,in Panc-1 cells,and 4.2％ and 3.7％ respectively,in Hela cells.Conclusions MUC1 promoter can drive reporter gene activity in MUC1-positive tumor cells targeting functional expression.There is potentially a use of targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer at the genetic level.

BACKGROUND:Animal studies have shown that cauda equina compression can induce apoptosis of lumbosacral spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the pathological change in lumbosacral spinal cord after acute cauda equina compression in dogs.
METHODS:A total of 27 dogs were randomly divided into nine groups, with three dogs in each group. There were one normal control group, seven experimental groups and one sham surgery group. In the experimental group, an empty water sac was implanted above epidural fat below L6 vertebral plate. Compression was given by injecting water at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. In the sham surgery group, an empty water sac was implanted, but compression was not given. At the time of compression, the spinal cord sent out by cauda equina nerve and adjacent to the head end was subjected to histopathological examination.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Results of light microscope:at 4-48 hours of compression, spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons did not alter. At 72 hours, motor neurons became smal , cel membrane shrank and separated from surrounding tissues. Cel s were homogenous and darkly stained. At 168 hours, motor neurons disappeared, but spinal cord sections of the adjacent head end did not shown abnormal motor neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn. (2) Results of electron microscope:at 12 hours, spinal cord tissue began to swel , and the swel ing aggravated with prolonged time of compression. The swel ing of glial cel s was apparent. At 168 hours, myelin sheath structure dissolved;axons showed vacuolization;axoplasm spil ed, and exhibited inflammatory injury-like changes. (3) Apoptotic results of spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons:apoptosis appeared at 12 hours of compression, became increased, and showed an increased trend at 168 hours.

OBJECTIVEThe clinical effect of the Shi's cervical reduction technique for cervical spondylosis and related disorders has confirmed, however, there were few studies on the body motion during manipulation in vivo study. This study is to summary the law of motion and the motion characteristics of the right operation shoulder, elbow, knee and ankle joints by data acquisition and analysis with the 3D motion capture system.

METHODSThe markers were pasted on the head, trunk, left and right acromion, elbow joint, wrist joint inner side and the outer side of the inner and the outer side and the lateral upper arm, forearm lateral, anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, trochanter, femoral and tibial tubercle, inner and outer side of knee, ankle, fibular head, medial and lateral in first, 2,5 metatarsal head, heel and dual lateral thigh the calf, lateral tibia of one manipulation practioner, and the subject accepted a complete cycle of cervical "Jin Chu Cao and Gu Cuo Feng" manipulation which was repeated five times. The movement trajectory of the practioner's four markers of operation joints were captured, recorded, calculated and analyzed.

RESULTSThe movement trajectories of four joints were consistent, while the elbow joint had the biggest discrete degree. The 3D activities of the shoulder and elbow were more obvious than other two joints, but the degree of flexion and extension in the knee was significantly greater than the rotation and lateral bending.

CONCLUSIONThe flexibility of upper limb joint and stability of lower limb joint are the important guarantees for the Shi's cervical reduction technique, and the right knee facilitated the exerting force of upper limb by the flexion and extension activities. The 3D model built by the motion capture system would provide a new idea for manipulation teaching and further basic biomechanical research.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Movement

OBJECTIVETo explore the scientificity of Yunqi theory based on incidence of disease related recognitions such as year evolutive phase, host climatic qi, six climatic factors, celestial manager qi, qi in the earth by analyzing data of hypertension incidence.

METHODSA total of 1,265 inpatients with confirmed first diagnosis as hypertension were recruited at Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from February 4, 1999 to February 4, 2011. Each period (including year evolutive phase, host climatic qi, guest climatic qi) was deducted based on Yun-qi theory. Their ratios of different phases and qi in the total number of hypertension inpatients number were calculated and statistically tested.

RESULTSThere was statistical difference in ratios at year evolutive phase, celestial manager qi, and qi in the earth (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of hypertension has certain difference in each period, which is consistent with Yun-qi theory.

Beijing ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Research

Objective To explore the effect of hepatitis B virus(HBV) on the expression of apolipoprotein B(ApoB) and its regulatory mechanism. Methods mRNA and protein expression of ApoB in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, serum ApoB levels in patients with HBV infection and in healthy individuals were measured by biochemical analyzer Olympus 5400, the expression of ApoB difference among healthy individuals, patients with chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed, HBV infectious clone pHBV1.3 was tranfected into HepG2 cells,and expression of ApoB and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein(MTP) was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Expression of ApoB mRNA and protein was lower in HepG2.2.15 cells than in HepG2 cells, serum apoB levels was much lower in patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis as compared to healthy individuals( P ＜0.05 ), HBV could inhibit the expression of ApoB and MTP at mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion HBV may downregulate the synthesis and secretion of ApoB via inhibits the expression of MTP.

AIMTo observe the change of cardiovascular endothelium's ultrastructure and its intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) expression in rat after repetitive high positive acceleration (+ Gz) exposures and further to explore the mechanisms of myocardial injuries induced by high + Gz stress.

METHODSThirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, + 1Gz group and + 10Gz group (n = 10 for each). The rats of + 10Gz group were exposed to five plateaus at + 10Gz for 30s with + 1Gz 1 min intervals, 3 times a week, for 3 weeks, while rats of + 1Gz group subjected to + 1Gz for 5 mim daily. The control group didn't undergo acceleration stress. The rats were decapitated in the next day after the last centrifuge run and myocardium were immediately dissected from left ventricles for ultrastructural examination using transmission electron microscope and immunohistochemical staining of ICAM-1.

RESULTSThe ultrastructural changes of the cardiovascular endothelium were observed in rats of 10Gz group, including endothelium edema and platelet aggregating in lumen of blood vessel. Also, the expression of ICAM-1 in + 10Gz stressed rats increased significantly (P < 0.05). While there was no difference between control group and + 1Gz group in ultrastructure of cardiovascular endothelium and its ICAM-1 expression.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that repeated high + Gz exposures could injury cardiovascular endothelium of rat and increase ICAM-1 expression, which indicated cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) inducing inflammation took part in myocardial injuries induced by high + Gz stress.

Acceleration ; Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of p27 in the inhibition of emodin on the mesangial cell (MC) proliferation induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha). METHODS: p27 protein of MC was detected with western blotting analysis. The degree of MC proliferation was estimated through [(3)H] thymidine ([(3)H] TdR) incorporation. Different dosage of emodin (50 mg/L,100 mg/L) was added into MC stimulated by TNF-alpha. RESULTS: TNF-alpha (200 kU/L) decreased p27 level of MC cultured in serum-free DMEM for 24 hours and increased[(3)H] TdR incorporation. Emodin increased p27 level of MC stimulated by TNF-alpha and decreased [(3)H] TdR incorporation. The more the emodin was added, the greater the above-mentioned effect of emodin. CONCLUSION: The increment of p27 level maybe play an important role in the inhibition of emodin on MC proliferation induced by TNF-alpha.

Objective To assess the long efficacy and safety of Lamotrigine(LTG) monotherapy and add-on therapy different types of epileptic seizures in children.Methods According to the classification of the 1981 and 1989 International Union of Antiepileptic for epileptic seizure,a total of 124 cases with epilepsy were included in the study and divided into non-refractory group with 93 cases and refractory group with 31 cases.LTG treatment only or add-on were used.Original drug dosage was not changed and LTG was added slowly and carefully untill the terrible side effect appeared.The average monthly seizure frequency with baseline in the last 3 months was compared and the side effect was observed.Results Total efficiency was 72.6%,control rate was 51.6%.Total efficiency and control rate of the non-refractory group was 81.0% and 61.3%,which was significantly higher than those of refractory group(48.4%,22.6%).Total efficiency and control rate of the combination group with LTG and valproate sodium(VPA) was 78.4% and 54.5%,which was significantly higher than those of the group of LTG only(61.0%,44.0%).Clinical results was different significantly between the course of the observation period within and over 5 years(P