BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of core strength training, most of which focus on the adult rather than the elderly.
OBJECTIVE: To review the relevant literatures targeting the elderly with low back pain and to explore the mechanism of core strength training in the treatment of elderly low back pain as wel as different training methods and precautions, in order to provide theoretical basis for treatment of elderly patients with chronic low back pain.
METHODS:Studies on the application of core strength training in the elderly with low back pain were retrospectively reviewed using bibliometrics method. The keywords were “chronic low back pain, core strength training, elderly person” in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A large number of scholars have focused on the non-pathological therapy for elderly patients with chronic lower back pain. Core strength training for treatment of low back pain is characterized as a simple operation, low cost, significant effectiveness and few side effects, which is basicaly applicable in different groups. Combination of two or more exercise therapies can enhance the core strength training effect. In addition, correct health concept education, psychological and behavioral interventions are necessary to o eliminate the fear of pain and improve patient compliance, thereby increasing the effectiveness of exercise therapy. During the core strength training, we also should pay attention to distinguish the severity of diseases, degree of urgency, stage of disease, age, and individual physical differences, and take targeted exercises.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-20b on cell proliferation and cell cycle in gastric cancer because of up-regulation of miR-20b in gastric cancer.Methods miR-20b mimics and its inhibitor were respectively transfected into MGC 803 gas-tric cancer cell and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT ) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting ( FACS ) were used to analyze cell growth and cell cycle.Western blot was used to explore the molecular basis of miR-20b.Results Compared with its control, cell growth was obvious elevated and the cell cycle transition was also increased from G 1 to S phase after miR-20b mimics transfection .After transfecting miR-20b inhibitor, cell growth was markedly decreased and cell cycle transition was also delayed from G 1 to S phase.Fur-thermore, miR-20b induced the expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and C-Myc, decreased the expressions of p21 and p15.Conclu-sions miR-20b was considered as a potential oncogene to modulate cell growth and cell cycle transition through regulating the expres -sion of cell cycle-related genes .

Background Age-related cataract is a common cause of blindness.However,its cause and pathogenic mechanism have not been fully understood.Recent studies revealed that aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP0 are closely related to the pathogenesis of cataract.Objective This study was to investigate the differential distribution and expression of AQP0 and AQP1 in lenses with age-related cataract and explore its effect on pathogenesis of age-related cataract.Methods Seventeen anterior capsular membrane samples and nucleus samples of lenses were collected from age-related cataract patients during the small incision nonphacoemulsification cataract extraction,and 6 normal lens samples were obtained from health donors in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University.The expression and distribution of AQP1 and AQP0 in the lenses were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the relative expression levels of AQP1 and AQP0 proteins in the lenses were assayed by using Western blot assay.This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of this hospital,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that in the normal lenses,AQP1 expressed mainly in LECs;while AQP0 primarily expressed in fiber cells of the lens cortex and nucleus.The relative expression levels of AQP1 and AQP0 in the lenses with age-related cataract (absorbance) were 0.223±0.008 and 0.118±0.015,which were significantly lower than 0.246±0.007 and 0.149±0.007 in the normal lenses (t =-4.508,-3.291,both at P＜0.01).Western blot revealed that the relative expression levels of AQP1 and AQP0 in the lenses with age-related cataract (absorbance) were 0.663 ± 0.012 and 0.599 ± 0.015,which were significantly reduced in comparison with 0.844±0.041 and 0.955 ±0.064 in the normal lenses (t =-7.492,P＜0.05;t =-9.570,P＜0.01).Conclusions AQP1 and AQP0 distribute in different sites of lenses.The expressions of AQP1 and AQP0 are obviously down-regulated in lenses with age-related cataract,suggesting that AQP1 and AQP0 probably play different roles in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract.

BACKGROUND:Scientific and technological literature as the main carrier which displays development of science and technology has been not used to review the research on sports biomechanics, so development of sports biomechanics is restricted. OBJECTIVE:Based on the co-word analysis of high-frequency keywords, to objectively analyze the present situation and development trend of the foreign sports biomechanics by using the multivariate statistical method. METHODS:Based on the colection of international literature on sport biomechanics from Web of Science, we explored the research topics by factor analysis, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis with the help of co-word analysis and SPSS 20.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:International research topics of sports biomechanics mainly include four groups: mechanics of sports injury and sports biomechanics, motor analysis and sports biomechanics, prevention of sports injury and sport biomechanics, sports rehabilitation and sports biomechanics, al of which have been analyzed deeply. Finaly based on the analysis of characteristics of research topics, we make a prospect of sports biomechanics in China in combination with China’s national condition.

BACKGROUND:Based on variational principle and weighting technology of three-dimensional finite element method, human teeth with a complex morphology can be modeled, which helps to understand the stress distribution of dental hard tissue and prosthesis during the dynamic repair process. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the three-dimensional finite element studies concerning biomechanics of dental prostheses, focusing on the effects of metal crown, porcelain thickness, root canal preparation and fil ing on the tooth stress. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed (1993-04/2012-09), China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (2001-2008), and VIP (2001-2008) was performed by the first author to retrieve articles concerning the effects of metal crown, porcelain thickness, root canal preparation and fil ing on the tooth stress. The keywords were“porcelain-fused-to-metal, finite element method, stress analysis, root canal”in English and Chinese. Articles with repetitive contents or meta-analysis were ruled out. Then 40 articles were suitable for further analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Finite element method has important significance to establish high-fidelity and high-accuracy models in oral medicine, thereby providing effective biomechanical information for the root canal treatment and post-treatment repair. Scholars continue to explore the stress distribution of dental prostheses during chewing. This review summarizes the stress changes of post and core crowns, supporting reference for further research. Three-dimensional finite element method can be used to build nonlinear three-dimensional finite element models with anisotropic biomechanical characteristics, and can gradual yimprove the transition from static analysis to a dynamic analysis, truly achieving accurate simulation of oral biology and dental morphology as wel as chewing function of the teeth.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic operations in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.Methods A total of 148 cases of tubal pregnancy from January 2002 to January 2005 were studied.Laparoscopic operations included 106 cases of oviduct-sparing operation(79 cases of oviduct fenestration and 27 cases of lesion clearance),37 cases of salpingectomy,and 5 cases of lesion clearance.Results The diagnosis and operation were laparoscopically completed in all the 148 cases.Persistent ectopic pregnancy occurred in 2 cases.Postoperative monitoring of serum ?-hCG levels showed the shortest recovery time to normal levels after the treatment of salpingectomy(8?1 d),and the longest one after lesion clearance (15?2 d).Regular menstruation resumed at((31?)2 d) after salpingectomy and at(43?3 d) after lesion clearance.Follow-up checkups with uterotubography in 84 cases for 1~3 months(mean,2.3 months) found a patent rate of both oviducts of 82.1%(69/84).Conclusions Laparoscopic operations is a safe and effective option in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CD_(74), the receptor of MIF, in preeclamptic placenta and its correlation with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.Methods From March 2008 to November 2008,69 preeclamptic women who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College,were recruited,including 33 women with mild preeclampsia (MPE group) and 36 women with severe preeclampsia (SPE group).Another 43 healthy pregnant women were taken as control group.Immunoturbidimetry was applied to measure the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) in maternal blood.The expressions of MIF and CD_(74) in placenta were tested with immunohistochemistry and the expressions of MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA were detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR.The relationship between maternal blood level of CRP and MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA in placenta was analyzed in the MPE and SPE group.Results (1) MIF and CD_(74) were expressed in the placenta of all pregnant women in the 3 groups, as shown in brown-yellow color, and significantly higher expression was found in the MPE and SPE group.(2) The expression of MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA in the MPE group (0.70±0.13 and 0.96±0.16), SPE group (0.88 ± 0.12 and 1.08 ± 0.15) were significantly higher than in the control group (0.67 ± 0.11 and 0.83 ± 0.14) (P < 0.01), and statistical significance was also found between the MPE and SPE group (P <0.01).(3)The maternal blood concentrations of CRP in the MPE and SPE group were significantly higher than in the control group [(15.3±7.0) mg/L and (21.6±9.1)mg/L vs (4.8 ± 1.8) mg/L, P <0.01] , and significant difference was also found between the MPE and SPE group (P <0.01).(4) In the two preeclamptic groups, the blood concentrations of CRP were positively correlated with the expression of both MIF mRNA(r =0.67 ,P <0.01)and CD_(74) mRNA(r =0.83 ,P <0.01) in placenta.Positive correlation was also found between the levels of MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA in placenta (r =0.93 ,P < 0.01).Conclusions Overexpression of MIF and CD_(74) in the placenta may up-regulate the CRP level in maternal blood, resulting in systemic inflammatory reaction and vascular endothelium damage which may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Objective To investigate the X-ray,CT and MRI features of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNETs).Methods 14 patients were pathologically diagnosed with pPNETs.The imaging of X-ray (twelve image),Computed Tomography(eleven image) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(five image) were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of 14 patients,there were two sites of tumour:soft tissue( eight patients) and bones( six patients).For tumoura of the soft tissue region,the appearance of X-ray and CT imaging showed equal or lower density soft mass without dear boundary.In some cases,tumours invaded adjacent bones.The appearance of MRI imaging showed large heterogeneous masses inside soft tissue without clear boundary.Tumours displaced adjacent cortical bone and cavitas medullaris.All masses were heterogeneous enhancement on contrast images.For tumours of bone region,X-ray and CT scan showed large scale osteolysis osteoclasia in bone surrounding with soft tissue masses of various size.The lesions were equal or lower signal on T1 WI.All masses were intermediate or hyperintense signal with heterogeneous midrange or obvious enhancement on T2WI.Conclusion Imaging characteristics of pPNETs were described.X-ray,CT and MRI were useful in understanding the property,extent and staging of tumor and very useful in the diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of electrical acupuncture therapy through adhesive surface electrodes and concomitant auricular acupuncture therapy on acute spinal cord injury.MethodsA total of 56 acute spinal cord injury patients with American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA) impairment grading of A and B were recruited into this study.They were randomly divided into the acupuncture and control groups.In the acupuncture group,electrical acupuncture therapy via the adhesive surface electrodes and auricular acupuncture were applied.Rehabilitation therapy was also provided to the patients during acupuncture therapy.In the control group,only rehabilitation therapy was provided to the patients.The ASIA neurologic and functional scores and the Functional Independence Measure(FIM) scores were assessed during the time of admission,hospital discharge,and 1-year postinjury follow-up.There were no adverse events.ResultsThere were significant improvements in neurologic(sensory and motor),functional,and FIM scores in the acupuncture group compared with the control either when hospital discharged or 1-year postinjury follow-up.There was no adverse events.ConclusionThe early use of concomitant auricular and electrical acupuncture therapies are effective and safe in treating acute spinal cord injury.