Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) remains one of the most important pathogens in children,which usually causes acute EBV infection,chronic active EBV infection,hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,lymphoma and other cancers.Therefore,effective laboratory diagnosis is of importance in diagnosis,surveillance,and control of EBV-associated disease.Currently,a variety of detection methods have been applied in clinical laboratories and typical diagnostic assays are always focusing on EBV-DNA and serological tests.Different assays vary in different purposes and applications,which seems to be difficult to choose an appropriate technique.This article aims at systematically analyzing clinical significance of these assays and evaluating the immune functions of EBV infection and the detection of susceptibility genes of EBV-related disease.

Objective: To dicuss the regulation of expression of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I_? (PKG I_?) by calcineurin (CaN) in vascular smooth musle cells (VSMCs) proliferation. Methods: Cultured wistar rat aortic VSMCs were used as an experimental model. CaN was inhibited by its special inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). Phenylephrine (PE) was given to stimulate VSMCs to proliferate. All of cultured cells were divided into four groups:control group, 0.5 mg/L CsA group, 5 mg/L CsA group and 5 mg/L CsA+10 ?mol/L PE group. The mRNA and protein expressions were assayed by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. Results: The OD ratio of PKG I_? mRNA expression in 0.5 mg/L CsA group resembled that in the control group while that in 5 mg/L CsA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P

Objective To study the predictive value of HER2/neu amplification and lymphovascular invasion for axillary lymph node metastasis in T1 breast cancer patients(mass<2 cm).Methods Reviewed the medical record of 206 T1 breast cancer patients who were the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis with IHC and FISH,analyzed the association be-tween ALNM and various clinicopathological predictive factors such as age,tumor size (T1a,T1b,T1c),multiplicity,the his-tologic grade,the nuclear grade,the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI),the estrogen and progesterone receptor sta-tus,an HER2/neu expression,the Ki-67 labeling index and the bcl-2 expression,and discussed the correlation of the various factors with axillary lymph node metastasis of T1 breast cancer.Results One hundred and thirty-nine were the node nega-tive group (T1N0)and the remaining 67 cases were allotted to the node positive group (T1N1-3),age (χ2 = 6.484,P =0.011),LVI (χ2 =72.813,P <0.001),histologic grade (χ2 =74.813,P =0.019),HER2/neu (χ2 =74.813,P <0.005),Ki-67 (χ2 =6.255,P =0.012)and bcl-2 (χ2 =4.977,P =0.026)were the statistically significant predictive factors related to node metastasis.The factors such as tumor size (χ2 =1.544,P =0.254),surgical method (χ2 =2.414,P =2.414),and ucle-ar grading HG (χ2 =2.017,P =0.159),estrogen receptors ER (χ2 =0.140,P =0.709),progesterone receptor PgR (χ2 =2.199,P =2.199),have no significant statistical correlation with early breast cancer lymph node metastasis.Conclusion HER2/neu overexpression and LVI were related to the increased incidence of ALNM in T1 breast cancer patients,LVI was the most predictive factor of ALNM.

Objective To investigate the effects of oral folic acid supplementation on the expressions of heart devel-opment-related proteins GATA4 and Nkx2 . 5 of offspring in the rat models of maternal hyperglycemia during preg-nancy. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawly( SD) rats in pregnancy were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group, models group, FA3rd group, FA7th group and FA15th group. Except for the control group, maternal hyperglycemi-a was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (38 mg/kg) in SD rats of four other groups on the first day of pregnancy. And group FA3rd, FA7th, FA15th were intragastriced with folic acid (0. 8 mg/kg per day) from day 3,7,and 15 of pregnancy respectively until the end of the pregnancy. The hearts of neonates were taken on the 21st day of pregnancy and the heart tissues with haematoxylin and eosin staining were observed. The expressions of GATA4 and Nkx2. 5 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results The blood glucose level of pregant rats intervened by streptozotocin was significantly increased(P<0. 05),and in a part of their offspring,the cardiac injury was detected. GATA4 protein was expressed in atria,ventricles, interven-tricular septum and valvular tissues. Nkx2. 5 protein was expressed in atria, ventricles and interventricular septum, while it was not expressed obviously in valvular tissues. The expression levels of GATA4 and Nkx2. 5 were de-creased in the groups intervened by streptozotocin compared with the control group(P<0. 05). The expression lev-els of GATA4 and Nkx2. 5 in FA3rd group and FA7th group were higher than that of the models group(P<0. 05). Compared with FA7th group, the expression of GATA4 and Nkx2. 5 in FA3rd group increased greatly(P<0. 05). However, it showed no significant difference between the models group and FA15th group. Conclusion Maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy may result in offspring’ s cardiac injury and decrease their expressions of heart de-velopment-related protein GATA4 and Nkx2. 5 at the same time. Folic acid supplementation may increase the ex-pressions of GATA4 and Nkx2. 5 protein and has a protective effect on offspring’s myocardial development of mater-nal hyperglycemia in pregnancy.

Objective To observe the effect of YiZhikoufuye(YZ) on apoptosis in the different cerebral regions of experimental Alzheimer's disease(AD) rats.Methods The animal model of AD was set up by stereotaxic damage of CA1 area of rat hippocampus using aggressive A?1-40.After operation thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into YZ,melatonin and model control groups,10 in each group.The rats were fed with YZ, melatonin and saline,respectively.On the 41th day,the rats were killed.The percentage of apoptotic cells,the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression level of cytochrome C protein were observed with immunohistochemical methods.Results Compared with control group,YZ could inhibit the apoptotic changes caused by A?(P

[Objective]To evaluate the clinical results of posterior hemivertebra resection and correction with transpedicular instrumentation for congenital scoliosis.[Method]From July 2002 to December 2006,thirty-nine consecutive cases,including 22 males and 17 females,underwent posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using transpedicular instrumentation.The average age at surgery was 8.3 years ranging from 3 to 15 years.There were 30 cases with fully segmented hemivertebra and 9 cases with partial segmented hemivertebra.Instrument included 16 cases of ISOLA,10 cases of CD-Horizon,10 cases of Moss-Miami and 3 cases of TSRH.The pre-and post-operative standing radiographic and at final follow-up were measured,and the Cobb's angles in the coronal and sagittal plane were analyzed,respectively.[Result]The average follow-up was 2.8 years ranging from 1 to 4.5 years.The Cobb's angle in coronal plane was corrected from 48? to 13?postoperatively and 13.2? at final follow-up,representing 70.2% correction rate.The kyphosis was corrected from 39? to 12.1? postoperatively and 12.7? at final follow-up,representing 68.7% correction rate.All cases had bony fusion,there was no neurological complication,no implant failure or infection.One case had crankshaft phenomenon.[Conclusion]Posterior hemiveterbra resection with instrumentation is a safe and effective treatment option for congenital scoliosis.Congenital scoliosis should be treated in early age.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis value of digestive tract clinical symptoms in multiple myeloma.Methods 21 patients with multiple myeloma with digestive tract symptoms as initial clinical manifestations were analyzed.Results In 21 patients,52% below 50 years(hepatomegaly and splenomegaly was 73%),abdominalgia and diarrhea,hematocytopenia,proteinuria were 57%,90% and 67%,respectively.Conclusion Digestive tract symptoms,especially hepatomegaly and splenomegaly,occur mostly in younger patients.Hematocytopenia and proteinuria are important clue in diagnosis of multiple myeloma.Digestive tract symptoms are the common clinical manifestations,but not chief clinical features in multiple myeloma.

Objective To explore the psychological status of the patients with breast cancer and its influencing factors.Methods The psychological health status in 896 patients with breast cancer and 1 419 patients with benign breast diseases were surveyed and analyzed by adopting the Self-reporting Inventory(SCL-90).At the same time,SCL-90 was also used to analyze the differences of psychological health status among breast cancer patients with different occupations,degrees of education and family support attitudes.Results The each factor scores in breast cancer patients were higher than those in benign breast disease patients(P＜0.05).The scores of obsessive symptoms and somatization factor in breast cancer patients were higher than those of other factors(P＜0.05).In breast cancer patients,the proportion of workers and cadres with obsessive symptoms was higher than that of farmers.The family support attitude was good,and the proportion of obsessive symptoms was lower.The higher the education level,the lower the proportion of somatic symptoms.Conclusion Aiming at the existence of mental problems of higher somatization and obsessive symptoms,conducting the psychological counseling and intervention can improve the quality of life in the patients with breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the telomerase activity and abnormality of p16 gene in liver metastatic tumors of colorectal carcinoma. Methods Telomerase activity was detected by a non isotopic PCR based TRAP assay (Telomeric repeat amplification protocol) and the homozygous deletions of p16 gene was detected by a semiquantitative multiple PCR in tissue samples from 24 liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma. Results Telomerase activity were observed in 19 (79 2%) out of the 24 colorectal carcinoma patients. There was no correlation hetween the telomerase activity, the number of metastasis, differentiation, liver fibrosis and HBsAg status of the patients. Homozygous deletions of p16 gene were found in 9 out of 24 (37 5%) patients, and homozygous deletions of p16 gene was significantly correlated with telomerase activity.Conclusion The abnormality in telomerase activity and homozygous deletions of p16 gene may be important for elucidating in liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the value of prothrombotic state (PTS) in prediction of perioperative cardiac events in elderly patients with coronary heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery.Methods One-hundred and twenty-eight ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ elderly patients (NYHA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ) of both sexes,aged 6575 yr,undergoing elective abdominal surgery,were enrolled in the study.Total intravenous anesthesia was performed during surgery.Venous blood samples were collected for detection of the levels of D-dimer,thrombus precursor protein and P-selectin (molecular markers of PTS).Detection of PTS was based on the three indexes mentioned above.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the cardiac events occurred during surgery and within 3 days after surgery:non-cardiac event group and cardiac event group.The general data of patients and each index during surgery were recorded.Logistic regression analysis was used to pick out the potential risk factors for cardiac events.Results Twenty-nine patients developed cardiac events.There was no significant difference in age,obesity,ratio of diabetes,duration of operation,and ratio of PTS between non-cardiac event and cardiac event groups (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that old age,diabetes,prolonged duration of operation,and PTS were independent risk factors for cardiac events (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion PTS produces some value in prediction of perioperative cardiac events in elderly patients with coronary heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery.