Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Cell Division ; Chromosome Deletion ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Telomere ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) catalyze the initial and rate limiting step in the catabolism of tryptophan, which is related to tumor immune tolerance and poor prognosis in patients. In this regard, two enzymes have become important therapeutic targets for tumor immunotherapy. So far, nine IDO1 inhibitors and three IDO1/TDO dual inhibitors have entered clinical trials. This review summarizes the research progress of IDO1 inhibitors, TDO inhibitors and IDO1/TDO dual inhibitors from the perspective of medicinal chemistry.

Adult ; Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Neck Injuries ; complications ; diagnosis ; Vertebral Artery

98 %).Conclusions Saponins are the major active ingredients in Radix Polygalae.Tenuifolin as an alkaline hydrolysis product of total saponins can be used as a chemical reference substance for the quality control of Radix Polygalae.

Objective:To analyze the clinical manifestations and esophageal motility characteristics of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and extra-esophageal symptoms.Methods:From January 1 to October 30, 2018, at PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 180 hospitalized patients diagnosed with GERD and extra-esophageal symptoms were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into laryngopharyngeal symptom group (65 cases), airway symptom group (58 cases) and mixed symptom group (57 cases). General data, clinical symptoms, gastroscopic manitestations, the results of high-resolution esophageal manometry and 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring of each group were analyzed and compared. Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.Results:The patients aged <40, 40 to 60 and >60 years accounted for 12.8% (23/180), 53.3% (96/180) and 33.9% (61/180), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=12.030, P=0.017). There were 18.9%(34/180) of patients without typical reflux symptoms. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of ectopic esophagogastric mucosa or Barrett esophagus under gastroscopy between laryngopharyngeal symptom group, airway symptom group and mixed symptom group (21.5%, 14/65; 5.2%, 3/58 and 8.8%, 5/57, respectively) ( χ2=8.578, P=0.014). There were no statistically significant differences in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), upper esophageal sphincter pressure or distal contractile integral between laryngopharyngeal symptom group, airway symptom group and mixed symptom group ((8.57±0.76), (8.87±0.79), and (10.51±0.97) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa); (44.75±2.86), (42.81±4.06), and (39.14±3.20) mmHg; (506.13±64.30), (432.59±78.10), and (682.99±82.28) mmHg·s·cm)(all P>0.05). The DeMeester score of laryngopharyngeal symptom group , mixed symptom group and airway symptom group was (14.33±2.09), (21.94±5.30) and (30.47±5.85) points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=3.226, P=0.043). The results of multi-channel impedance monitoring showed that acid reflux and weak acid reflux were the main reflux in the patients, which accounted for 55.5% (76/137) and 34.3% (47/137), respectively. Among 87.6% (120/137) of the patients, reflux mainly occurred in the upright position while 12.4% (17/137) of the patients had reflux in the supine position. Conclusions:The extra-esophageal symptoms of GERD is associated with age. Ectopic esophagogastric mucosa or Barrett esophagus are more common in GERD patients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms. There are more acid exposure and pathologic acid reflux in GERD mainly with airway symptoms. Weak acid reflux at upright position plays an important role in the reflux mechanism of GERD with extra-esophageal symptoms.

In order to increase the yield and quality of the medicinal plant and enhance the competitive power of industry of medicinal plant in our country, this paper analyzed the status, problem and countermeasure of the tissue culture of medicinal plant on large scale. Although the biotechnology is one of the most efficient and promising means in production of medicinal plant, it still has problems such as stability of the material, safety of the transgenic medicinal plant and optimization of cultured condition. Establishing perfect evaluation system according to the characteristic of the medicinal plant is the key measures to assure the sustainable development of the tissue culture of medicinal plant on large scale.
Drug Industry ; methods ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; growth & development ; Quality Control ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods ; standards

Female ; Fibrosarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase ; deficiency ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Infant ; Isoleucine ; metabolism ; Male

Objective To explore the relation between the level of oxygen pressure and lactate in arterial blood and prognosis of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods 36 patients with sudden cardiac arrest received CPR were selected.Patients were divided into 3 groups.The 21 patients who 30 minutes of CPR didn't regain heart beats were group A,those 10 who kept blood circulation for over 2 hours but finally died were group B,and the remaining 5 who survived were group C.Control group was made up of 20 people with no disease.In CPR immediately (0h),1h,3h,6h,12h were measured in blood specimens from arterial partial pressure of oxygen and lactate levels were compared among groups of patients dynamic changes of the index.Results The 3 groups A,B,C significantly reduced blood oxygen pressure,blood lactate increased significantly the CPR in the early,and compared with the control group there was significant difference( P ＜ 0.01 ).The group B CPR 3h,6h,and continue until no significant changes in 12h;The group C CPR 3h,6h began to increase blood oxygen pressure and blood lactate levels begin to decline,blood oxygen pressure increased significantly,lower blood lactate to a lower level after 12h.Taken with marked changes in B group,the difference was significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Arterial partial pressure of oxygen and blood lactate levels could be used as indicators of prognosis of patients with CPR.Sustained increase in arterial oxygen partial pressure showed a good prognosis,lactate levels continued to rise that a poor prognosis.