Objective To provide references for clinical rational use of Chinese patent medicine. Methods Totally 387 specifications of Chinese patent medicine in our hospital were analyzed, and were judged by pregnancy contraindication according to China Pharmacopeia (2010 edition). Results The 387 Chinese patent medicines involved 32 prohibited pregnancy ingredients, 1 taboo ingredient. In 89 Chinese patent medicines contraind prohibited ingredients, 33 marked prohibited ingredients, 18 marked contraindicated ingredients, 14 marked cautious ingredients, and 24 marked without-contraindication ingredients. 68 Chinese patent medicines contained pregnancy contraindication labels but without prohibited ingredients. Conclusion A unified standard of pregnancy contraindication should be established;researches on pregnancy contraindication should be strengthened;medicine specifications should be standardized and perfected.

Genetic factors are the important reasons for birth defects.Among genetic factors,chromosome abnormality is the most common.Prenatal diagnosis can effectively avoid fetus of abnormal chromosome being born.Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis has more advantage than invasive prenatal diagnosis,such as non-invasive,painless and safe.It is bound to become the main method of prenatal diagnosis.However,non-invasive prenatal diagnosis is still in its infancy stage and the accuracy and sensitivity of detection are pending and need further clinical validation.This article will present a variety of non-invasive prenatal diagnostic methods using cell-free fetal DNA (RNA) and their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed.

BACKGROUND:Nano-Ag is increasingly used as antibacterial materials in medical products due to its excelent antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activated nano-Ag-SiO2 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biosecurity of nano-Ag-SiO urethral catheter can reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinarytract infections obviously. As more and more nano-Ag medical products have been developed, their biological security is becoming a focused issue. 2 urethral catheter through comparing the active influence of nano-Ag-SiO2 METHODS: Mechanical separation and enzymatic digestion were used to isolate and culture urothelial mucosa of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients to make cellsuspension after proliferationin vitro. The medium was replaced by nano-Ag-SiO urethral catheter and ordinary urethral catheter extracts onin vitro cels of human prostatic urethra epithelial cels in different periods. 2 and general catheter tube extracts, respectively. MTT assay was performed to quantify thein vitro cytotoxicity of two extracts on human urethra epithelial cels which were cultured for 2, 5 and 7 days. Absorbance values of nano-Ag-SiO2 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cytotoxicity of extract of nano-Ag-SiO and general urinary catheter groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to calculate the relative growth rate, and toxicity evaluation was compared and evaluated. Under an inverted microscope, cellmorphology, growth and proliferation were observed. 2 catheter was 1 grade, and that of general medical catheter extract was 0 to 1 grade. There was no statistical difference in group effect of relative proliferation rate (F=0.544,P=0.475); there was statistical difference in time effect of relative proliferation rate (F=3.031,P=0.086); no statistical difference was found in the interaction between group and time (F=0.130, P=0.879). These findings indicate that nano-Ag-SiO2 catheter has no or low cytotoxicity effect on cellgrowth and proliferation, which is consistent with the biological evaluation standards of medical devices.

Objective To explore the relevance of the microRNA-192 (miR-192) levels and prognosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods A total of 59 cases with duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ≥10 years from January 2010 to July 2011 were retrospectively admitted.The miR-192 levels were determined after admission,and other relevant clinical data were collected.And the patients were followed-up for 24 months.According to the patient's prognosis,the patients were divided into DN group(20 cases) and non-DN group(39 cases),and the relevant information was analyzed in two groups.Results The miR-192 levels in DN group were lower than those in non-DN group[(4.47 ± 2.27) μ g/L vs.(7.28 ± 2.39) μ g/L],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension history,smoking history,high glycosylated hemoglobin,low fasting C-peptide,low 24 h urine protein,low miR-192 level,high body mass index was the independent risk factors of prognosis of T2DM (P ＜ 0.05).The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.697 in miR-192 levels individual predicting progression to DN stage,0.823 in six others without miR-192.After joining seven indicators forecast area under the curve increased significantly(0.856,95％ CI:0.832-0.904).The miR-192 levels 5.14 μ g/L was the best predictive value to the critical value of community,and the patients were divided into miR-192 ＜ 5.14 μ g/L group (28 cases) and miR-192 ≥ 5.14 μ g/L group (31 cases).The number of progression to DN within 24 months in miR-192 ＜ 5.14 μg/L group was more than that in miR-192 ≥5.14 μ g/L group (16/28 vs.4/31,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions A reduced level of miR-192 is an independent risk factor that can lead to poor prognosis in patients with DN,and can predict adverse outcomes in patients with T2DM effectively.

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab ; Capecitabine ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Colonic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leucovorin ; administration & dosage ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Semustine ; therapeutic use ; Survival Rate ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Objective To study the value of thromhus precursor protein(TpP)in early diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods The patients who showed completely or partly anterior circulation infarcts syndrome and were within 6 hours from onset on admission were observed dynamically.All patients were divided into thrombotic cerebral infarction(TCI)group(40 cases),transient ischemic attack (TIA)group(42 cases), and lacunar infarction(LI)group(37 cases).Concentrations of TpP in plasma obtained from three groups on admission were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),then were compared with each other.The diagnostic value of plasma TpP to TCI within 6 hours from onset was analyzed with ROC curve.Results The level of TpP in TCI,TIA and LI group was(24.43±3.21),(15.51±2.65)and(13.52±5.45)mg/L respectively,and was significantly higher than that of healthy people (3.9±2.5)mg/L(P<0.01).The level of TpP was significantly higher in TCI group than that in TIA and LI group(P<0.01).The level of TpP was significantly higher in TIA group than that in LI group(P<0.01).The area under ROC curve for TpP to diagnose TCI was 0.979±0.013(P<0.01).The level of TpP on optimal cutoff was 19.1 mg/L.When the level of TpP was over 19.1 mg/L,TCI was determined with 95% sensitivity and 96%specificity, sum of which was largest of all.Conclusion The level of TpP can differentiate TCI from TIA and LI within 6 hours from onset.

The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA ( cffDNA) in maternal plasma provides a new idea for noninvasive prenatal testing( NIPT).Though some studies to date have shown several fetal DNA markers, how to accurately distinguish cffDNA from the pool of maternal plasma free DNA is still a challenge.So far, NIPT based on cffDNA has been used for detection and study of a variety of diseases, along with the advance and development of technology, it will have a more broad application prospects.This article will make a review for the research status from the biological characteristics and the markers of cffDNA, the clinical applications and the existing issues and development prospects of NIPT based on cffDNA.

Objective To evaluate the significance and expression of the GDNF/GFRα1/RET genes in distal rectum with Congenital Anorectal Malformations(ARMs) Methods Specimens were collected from resected colon which is 3 cm away to the anus and the distal of rectum in 12 ARMs patients. Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were used to test RET, GDNF and GFRα1 expression in the differ-ent site of samples with ARMs. Results Expression of ganglia and RET, GDNF and GFRα1 were all negative in distal rec-tum in 12 ARMs patients. Ganglionic cells were found in tissues 3 cm away from the anus where RET, GDNF and GFRα1 expression were also positive in those ARMs patients. Expression of RET, GDNF and GFRα1 were strong positive in middle and low imperforate anus indicated by brown color and week positive in high imperforate anus indicated by yellow color. One case of faeces contamination and one case of loose motion without anal incontinence were found in post-op follow up of high ARMs patients. By contrast, one case of rectal mucosa prolapse and one case of occasional faeces contamination which recov-ered with hip bath were found in post op follow up in middle or low ARMs. Conclusion The unsatisfactory anorectal func-tion is possibly related to the decrease or lost of neurotrophic factors (GDNF/GFRα1/RET) and ganglia in the myenteric plex-uses post plastic surgery in ARMs patients.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) remains one of the most important pathogens in children,which usually causes acute EBV infection,chronic active EBV infection,hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,lymphoma and other cancers.Therefore,effective laboratory diagnosis is of importance in diagnosis,surveillance,and control of EBV-associated disease.Currently,a variety of detection methods have been applied in clinical laboratories and typical diagnostic assays are always focusing on EBV-DNA and serological tests.Different assays vary in different purposes and applications,which seems to be difficult to choose an appropriate technique.This article aims at systematically analyzing clinical significance of these assays and evaluating the immune functions of EBV infection and the detection of susceptibility genes of EBV-related disease.

Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Screening for colorectal cancer is the most effective method to decrease mortality. Colorectal adenoma is the precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer and can be detected through colonoscopy, which is the crucial in the early diagnosis and early treatment for colorectal cancer. The first step of screening is the selection of target population and the second step is colorectal examination. The selection of candidate for screening has direct effect on the efficacy of screening. The methods in common use include fecal occult blood test, questionnaire for high risk factors of colorectal cancer, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and CT virtual colonoscopy. Among those, colonoscopy is the most reliable method and widely used in the screening for colorectal cancer.
China ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Occult Blood