Plant growth retardant as one of plant growth regulator can inhibit the cell division, elongation and growth rate in shoot apical meristem (SAM), which can be reversed by gibberellin regulate the product of photosynthesis transfer to the root and rhizome part. As commonly used plant growth retardant, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, chlorocholine chloride, mepiquat chloride, choline chloride and daminozide are used to promote the growth of root and rhizome, call as "zhuanggenling", "pengdasu", "pengdaji" etc. Single or recombination of plant growth regulator is registered as pesticide, and called as pesticide "zhuanggenling" in this paper. Growth regulator which registered as a foliar fertilizer or fertilization was called agricultural fertilizer "zhuanggenling" in this paper. The author investigate the usage of "zhuanggenling" in the root and rhizome of medicinal plants cultivation from 2012 to 2014 in Sichuan province, Huangyuan town, Mianyang (Ophiopogonis Radix); Pengzhou Aoping town (Chuanxiong Rhizoma); Pengshan Xiejia town (Alismatis Rhizoma); Jiangyou Taiping town and Zhangming town (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata); Yunnan Wenshan (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma); Henan province, Wuzhidafeng Town (Rehmanniae Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma); Gansu Min county (Codonopsis Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix); Gansu Li county (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). The result showed that "zhuanggenling" were applied in the most medicinal plant cultivation except Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. It has been applied widespreadly in Ophiopogonis Radix, Alismatis Rhizoma, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Codonopsis Radix; Rehmanniae Radix, commonly in Angelicae Sinensis Radix application, and occasionally in Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Dioscoreae Rhizoma. In 53 collected sample from plantation areas, fifteen (28%) were pesticide "zhuanggenling", thirty-eight (72%) were pesticide "zhuanggenling". UPLC analysis results showed that 38 farmers fertilizer "zhuanggenling" content of 6 kinds of plant growth retardant. It is regarded that fertilizer "zhuanggenling" was dominant in medicinal plant cultivation, and that the plant growth retardant is added widespreadly in farm fertilizer "zhuanggenling". All evidence proves conclusively that "zhuanggenling" have been used in the proper way, whereas some others have been misused or even abused in the use regarding to type, number, use frequency. The root or rhizoma are increased to 20%-200%. But there is lack of evaluation to appraise the quality of medicinal materials from the aspects of research or industry. "zhuanggenling" has become a important Chemical control material besides fertilizer, insecticidal sterilization of pesticide
China ; Fertilizers ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development

Comminuted fracture of distal femur is a common lower limb injury from traffic accidents, especially from motor accidents. Routine dynamic condylar screw (DCS) or 95-degree condylar plate (CP) sometimes cannot solve the bone defect in the center of alignment and contralateral diaphysis for the reason of absent screw anchor point, especially for AO C2.2-2.3 types. Many authors recommended open reduction and fixation with less invasive stabilization system (LISS) as the treatment of choice, but there are still problems in fusion and alignment. In this study, we reported our experiences with the use of bone splint technique in the high-energy commimuted fracture of distal femur with central and medial bone defect in adolescents.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Splints

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and relationship between HSP70 and caspase-3 in knee osteoarthritis.

METHODSForty adult SD rats were divided into experimental group and control group. Thirty rats in experimental group, anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT) was cut off and partial meniscectomy of 1/3 inside incision were performed to reproduce knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model according to Hulth methos, and the other 10 rats was treated with nothing as control group. The rats were sent to the cage and free to move. At 1, 2 and 4 weeks later, the arthritis cartilage of femoral and tibial end were observed through immunohistochemistry staining and light microscope. Meanwhile, Mankin scale system was adopted for histomorphology evaluation.

RESULTSChanges of KOA such as hyperplastic synovium,erosion on the surface of cartilage and so on were found in experiment group, the expression of HSP70 was augmentation all the time, but the expression of caspase-3 was reduction 1 week later; no similar changes were found in control group. Mankin scale system showed that there were significant differences in the first week as compared with the second week and 4th week (both P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHeat shock protein inhibit the apoptosis of cartilage cells and protect the cartilage cells in knee osteoarthritis, the conservative treatment for clinical provide objective scientific basis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cartilage ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; physiology ; Chondrocytes ; pathology ; Female ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; physiology ; Male ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

ObjectiveTo investigate the serological markers associated with posthepatectomy recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and to establish a prognostic model to evaluate whether palliative hepatectomy is suitable for such patients. MethodsA total of 111 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatectomy in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2009 to July 2013 and received follow-up were enrolled. Basic clinical data were collected and the patients were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group according to whether recurrence was observed during follow-up. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival differences were analyzed using the log-rank test. A Cox regression analysis was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate prediction efficiency. ResultsThe Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the patients with low alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and fibrinogen and high CXCL13 had a longer median time to recurrence (P＜0.05). AFP (hazard ratio ［HR］［95%CI］=1.69(1.03~2.79), P=0.039), GGT (HR［95%CI］=1.89(1.14~3.14), P=0.014), and CXCL13 (HR［95%CI］=0.54(0.33~0.89), P=0.015) were independent factors associated with posthepatectomy recurrence. The prognostic index PI=0.526×AFP+0.637×GGT-0.616×CXCL13 established based on these factors had an AUC of 0.87, a sensitivity of 93.75%, and a specificity of 63.64% in predicting recurrence within 0-3 months after palliative hepatectomy, with a significant reduction in prediction efficiency for recurrence within 0-6 months (AUC=0.68) or a longer period of time. The recurrence prediction efficiency of this model for palliative hepatectomy was significantly higher than that for radical resection. ConclusionThe prognostic model established based on CXCL13, AFP, and GGT can be used to evaluate the risk of early recurrence after palliative hepatectomy and thus helps clinicians to make diagnosis and treatment decisions based on patients’ benefits.

Objective:To construct a bivalent DNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus H3N2 and to evaluate its immunogenicity in mice.Methods:The coding sequences for spike 1 (S1) protein of SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant and hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A virus Cambodia (H3N2) strain were codon-optimized and synthesized. The two coding genes were ligated by the self-cleaving 2A peptide using over-lapping PCR to construct S1-2A-HA fragment, which was inserted into pVRC vector to construct the bivalent DNA vaccine, named as pVRC-S1-2A-HA. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of S1 and HA proteins. BALB/c mice were immunized with pVRC-S1-2A-HA by intramuscular injection and electroporation. The humoral immune responses induced in mice were detected by indirect ELISA, pseudovirus neutralization assay and hemagglutination inhibition assay. Cellular immune responses were detected by IFN-γ ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and cytometric bead array (CBA).Results:The bivalent DNA vaccine pVRC-S1-2A-HA could express S1 and HA proteins in vitro. Specific cellular immune responses against S1 protein and specific IgG antibody against HA protein were significantly induced in mice with single-dose immunization. The antigen-specific immunity was significantly enhanced after booster immunization. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of specific IgG antibody increased to 3 251 for S1 protein and 45 407 for HA protein after two-dose immunization. Moreover, the S1-specific T cells increased to 1 238 SFC/10 6 cells. ICS results indicated that the booster vaccination induced CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells to produce IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in mice. The secretion of various cytokines including IL-2, IL- 4, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ in mouse splenocytes was induced after single-dose immunization. Conclusions:A bivalent DNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus H3N2 was constructed and could induce S1- and HA-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, suggesting the great potential of it for further development and application.

OBJECTIVETo assess the beneficial and adverse effects of Wendan Decoction (温胆汤, WDD) for the treatment of schizophrenia.

METHODSFive electronic databases were searched until May 2014, including the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the Chinese Scientist Journal Database, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing WDD against placebo, antipsychotic drugs, or WDD combined with antipsychotic drugs against antipsychotic drugs alone were included. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and data analyses were conducted according to the Cochrane standards.

RESULTSThirteen RCTs (involving 1,174 patients) were included and the methodological quality was evaluated as generally low. The pooled results showed that WDD combined with antipsychotic drugs were more effective in clinical comprehensive effect, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores compared with antipsychotic drugs alone. However, WDD had less effectiveness compared with antipsychotics in clinical comprehensive effect; and WDD was not different from antipsychotic drugs for PANSS scores. The side effects were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONSWDD appears to be effective on improving symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. However, due to poor methodological quality in the majority of the included trials, the potential benefit from WDD needs to be confirmed in rigorous trials and the design and reporting of trials should follow the international standards.

Antipsychotic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Publication Bias ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Schizophrenia ; drug therapy

Prostate cancer (PCa) exhibits epidemiological and molecular heterogeneity. Despite extensive studies of its phenotypic and genetic properties in Western populations, its molecular basis is not clear in Chinese patients. To determine critical molecular characteristics and explore correlations between genomic markers and clinical parameters in Chinese populations, we applied an integrative genetic/transcriptomic assay that combines targeted next-generation sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on samples from 46 Chinese patients with PCa. Lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D), zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3), A-kinase anchoring protein 9 (AKAP9), and GLI family zinc finger 1 (GLI1) were frequently mutated in our cohort. Moreover, a clinicopathological analysis showed that RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) deletion was common in patients with a high risk of disease progression. Remarkably, four genomic events, MYC proto-oncogene (MYC) amplification, RB1 deletion, APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway (APC) mutation or deletion, and cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) mutation, were correlated with poor disease-free survival. In addition, a close link between KMT2D expression and the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway was observed both in our cohort and in The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) data. In summary, our results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of integrative molecular characterization of PCa samples in disease pathology research and personalized medicine.
A Kinase Anchor Proteins/genetics* ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; China ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics* ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Gene Amplification ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Proto-Oncogene Mas ; Receptors, Androgen/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1/genetics*

To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Tongmai Yangxin Pills in treatment for angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase and the Cochrane Library databases were retrieved online to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of Tongmai Yangxin Pills for angina pectoris of coronary heart disease since the establishment to November 2018. Two investigators screened out literatures independently, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. The risk assessment of included references was made according to criteria recommended by Cochrane Handbook 5.3. Meta-analysis was then performed by RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 9 RCTs were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with the single application of chemotherapy, the combined administration with Tongmai Yangxin Pills and Western medicine could significantly improve the clinical efficacy of angina(RR=1.22, 95%CI[1.13, 1.31]), the improvement rate of electrocardiogram(RR=1.31, 95%CI[1.21, 1.42]), and the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome(RR=1.17, 95%CI[1.02, 1.35]). Only one study reported adverse events, while 5 studies reported no adverse event. According to current evidences, in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, Tongmai Yangxin Pills has a better clinical efficacy in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease in terms of the improvement rate of electrocardiogram and the clinical efficacy of TCM syndrome. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusions.
Angina Pectoris ; drug therapy ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most rapidly transmitted mosquito-borne pathogen, which is the main cause of seasonal outbreaks of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in tropical and subtropical regions, and may cause serious life-threatening diseases. There is an urgent need to develop effective vaccines or antiviral therapies. In this paper, we found that a podocarpane-type diterpenoid, (3α,5β,10α)-13-methoxypodocarpa-8,11,13-triene-3,12-diol (MPTD), isolated from the stems and leaves of Aleurites moluccana, showed good effect against DENV. The anti-DENV activity of MPTD against four different DENV serotypes was studied by plaque assay. The cytotoxicity of MPTD in Vero and Huh7 cells was tested by MTT assay. qRT-PCR and Western blot assays were used to investigate the anti-DENV activity of MPTD at RNA and protein levels, respectively. The results showed that MPTD greatly reduced the virus titer in DENV infected Vero cells, and its 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) for DENV (1–4) were 2.72 ± 0.39, 10.99 ± 5.18, 18.72 ± 0.21, and 0.48 ± 0.28 μmol·L^-1, respectively. The results showed that MPTD inhibits DENV RNA level and the expression of E protein. In addition, MPTD may inhibit the early stage of DENV replication and exert antiviral activity. Further studies showed that the inhibitory effect of MPTD against DENV infection is not targeting the viral entry stage. Therefore, MPTD has a significant anti-dengue virus effect, and is an anti-DENV compound with potential application value.

Ten isoprenylated flavonoids were isolated from 95% ethanol extraction of Artocarpus heterophyllus, with a combination of various chromatographic approaches, including ODS, MCI, CHP-20 P, Sephadex LH-20 and high performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of physic-chemical characters and spectroscopic data analysis, these compounds were identified as artoheteroid E (1), cycloheterophyllin (2), artelastoxanthone (3), artoindonesianin Q (4), cudraflavone C (5), 8-(γ,γ-dimethylallyl)-5,2',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (6), kuwanon T (7), 6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) apigenin (8), 5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-6-(3-methylbut-3-enyl) flavone (9), albanin A (10). Among them, compound 1 is a new one, while compounds 2-4 were isolated for the first time from the plant of Artocarpus heterophyllus. All isolated compounds were screened for their inhibitory abilities against cathepsin K. Of them, compounds 3-5, 7 and 10 showed inhibitory effects with the IC₅₀ values of 0.9, 1.6, 4.5, 24.5 and 63.5 μmol·L^-1, respectively.