OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of α-pinene,β-pinene and linalool in volatile oil of Hedychium flavum. METHODS:The volatile oil was extracted from H. flavum according to steam distillation stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition volume Ⅳ). GC method was adopted to determine the content. The determination was performed on HP-5 capillary chromatographic column(30 m×0.032 mm×0.25 μm)with hydrogen flame ion detector(FID),nitrogen gas as carrier gas,with injector temperature of 200 ℃,and detector temperature of 250 ℃,column flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, samples size of 1 μL and split ratio of 40:1 by programmed temperature. RESULTS:The linear range of α-pinene,β-pinene and linalool were 0.090 5-2.413 3 mg/mL(r=0.999 9),0.098 3-2.620 0 mg/mL(r=0.999 9),0.169 1-4.510 0 mg/mL(r=0.999 8), respectively. RSDs of precision,stability(12 h),reproducibility tests were no more than 2.0%(n=6). The average recoveries were 99.84%(RSD=0.49%,n=6),100.24%(RSD=1.38%,n=6),99.41%(RSD=1.67%,n=6),respectively.The contents of α-pinene,β-pinene and linalool ranged 0.214 4-1.325 0,0.766 2-3.172 1,0.357 4-1.518 7 mg/g in volatile oil from 23 batches of H. flavum produced in Guizhou province. CONCLUSIONS:The method established in this experiment is rapid,simple and accurate.It can be used for the content determination of α-pinene,β-pinene and linalool in volatile oil from H.flavum.

OBJECTIVE To study on the identification of traditional Chinese medicine of Macleaya cordata(M. cordata) and its similar varieties. METHODS By consulting the ancient herbal books and modern literature, this paper systematically combs and studies the M. cordata. The morphological identification, microscopic identification, physiochemical identification, molecular identification were used to identify M. cordata and its similar varieties. RESULTS Obtained M. cordata herbal textual research data. There were some differences between M. cordata and Macleaya microcarpa(M. microcarpa) and other similar varieties in traits, microscopic, physicochemical and molecular characteristics. Molecular identification results showed that the length of the rbcL gene of M. cordata were 600 bp to 603 bp, with the average GC content ranging from 43.95% to 44.28%. There were significant differences in the variation sites between M. cordata and other similar varieties, and the variation sites with M. microcarpa were the least. The interspecific genetic distance between M. cordata and its similar varieties was greater than its maximum intraspecific genetic distance. NJ analysis results of rbcL could effectively distinguish M. cordata from other similar varieties accurately and quickly. There were significant differences in the secondary structure of rbcL between M. cordata and its similar varieties. CONCLUSION The traditional Chinese medicine identification methods of M. cordata, M. microcarpa and other similar varieties are constructed, which provides experimental basis for the variety identification of M. cordata and the subsequent development of traditional Chinese medicine resources.

In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic prevention and control, effective control of nosocomial infection and prevention of occupational exposure of first-line medical staff are the requirements of scientific prevention and control, as well as the premise and foundation of scientific treatment of patients. This paper introduces the priority of personnel management of infectious occupational exposure risk at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, and analyzes engineering control, management and behavior control, and personal protection. It elaborates on the hospital management methods and proposes scientific preventive measures.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of lower extremity axial distractor (LEAD) and traction table assisted closed reduction and intramedullary nail fixation in treatment of femoral subtrochanteric fracture. METHODS: The clinical data of 117 patients with subtrochanteric fracture of femur treated by closed reduction and intramedullary nail fixation between May 2012 and May 2022 who met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. According to the auxiliary reduction tools used during operation, the patients were divided into LEAD group (62 cases with LEAD reduction) and traction table group (55 cases with traction table reduction). There was no significant difference in baseline data, such as gender, age, injured side, cause of injury, fracture Seinsheimer classification, time from injury to operation, and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, between the two groups ( P>0.05). Total incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency, closed reduction rate, fracture reduction quality, fracture healing time, weight-bearing activity time, and incidence of complications, as well as hip flexion and extension range of motion (ROM), Harris score, and VAS score at 1 month and 6 months after operation and last follow-up were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were 14 cases in the LEAD group from closed reduction to limited open reduction, and 43 cases in the traction table group. The incisions in the LEAD group healed by first intention, and no complication such as nerve and vascular injury occurred during operation. In the traction table group, 3 cases had perineal crush injury, which recovered spontaneously in 1 week. The total incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency, and closed reduction rate in the LEAD group were significantly better than those in the traction table group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the quality of fracture reduction between the two groups ( P>0.05). Patients in both groups were followed up 12-44 months, with an average of 15.8 months. In the LEAD group, 1 patient had delayed fracture union at 6 months after operation, 1 patient had nonunion at 3 years after operation, and 1 patient had incision sinus pus flow at 10 months after operation. In the traction table group, there was 1 patient with fracture nonunion at 15 months after operation. X-ray films of the other patients in the two groups showed that the internal fixator was fixed firmly without loosening and the fractures healed. There was no significant difference in fracture healing time, weight bearing activity time, incidence of complications, and postoperative hip flexion and extension ROM, Harris score, and VAS score at different time points between the two groups ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION For femoral subtrochanteric fracture treated by close reduction and intramedullary nail fixation, compared with traction table, LEAD assisted fracture reduction can significantly shorten the operation time, reduce intraoperative blood loss and fluoroscopy frequency, reduce incision length, effectively improve the success rate of closed reduction, and avoid complications related to traction table reduction. It provides a new method for good reduction of femoral subtrochanteric fracture.
Humans ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Bone Nails ; Traction ; Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Femoral Fractures ; Hip Fractures/surgery* ; Lower Extremity ; Surgical Wound ; Fracture Fixation, Internal