Based on the significance of the innovative experiment program for college students and the experience at home and abroad,this paper analyzes the current situation of the implementation of this plan by School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University.It summarizes the beneficial experience of training students' scientific research thinking in the implementation of the course plan,through literature reading,project design and so on.Practice has proved that,with rigorous and reasonable protection system and the scientific implementation of the process and the quality control system,the program can play a role in improving the students' ability of innovation and practice,stimulate their interest in scientific research,and excavate their research potential.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of CT in diagnosis and discrimination of acute focal bacterial nephritis(AFBN). Methods 6 cases of AFBN were reported which were all performed with ultrasound and CT scan.4 of 6 cases were observed by delay contrast enhanced CT examination. ResultsCT scan showed wedge-shaped masses with thickened Gerota fascia.The delayed contrast enhanced CT revealed more clear shapes and verges of the lesions than immediate contrast enhanced CT. ConclusionCT scan is of significant value in diagnosis and discrimination of AFBN with overall review of documents and statistic analysis.

Objective To study the calculational method for the radiotherapy facilities of the medical linear accelerator' s useful beam towars its maze.Methods The shielding calculation was made under the relevant national standards for a radiotherapy treatment room and compared with the test results.Results The dose rates at the maze entrance as calculated and measured were 89 and 86 μSv/h inside the maze door,as well as 5.7 and 6.2 μSv/h outside the maze door,respectively.The calculated results were consistent with measured results.Conclusions By comparison of calculated results with measured results,the accuracy of the theoretical calculation method could be verified.

Aim To investigate the relationship between the brain targeting effect and P-glycoprotein(P-gp)expression level of Danshensu borneol ester(DBE)and the combination use of sodium Danshensu and borneol(SDSS-B).Methods The liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was applied to investigate the accumulation of Danshensu(DSS)in rat brain tissues after intravenous injection of DBE,SDSS-B and SDSS.Also their effect on regulating the expression level of P-gp in rat hippocampus was investigated using Western blot.Results The brain targeting effect of DBE,SDSS-B was qualitatively analyzed through the brain distribution of DSS,and the result was DBE(SDSS-B)>SDSS(P<0.01).Meanwhile,the brain distribution of DBE group was slightly lower than SDSS-B group at 15 min,while at 30 min DBE was higher than that of SDSS-B.DBE demonstrated a better slow release property compared to SDSS-B.Western blot analysis indicated that DBE,SDSS-B were more effective in inhibiting the expression of P-gp than SDSS in rat hippocampus(P<0.01 vs control or SDSS group),and the lowest P-gp expression was obtained with(47.58±2.28)％and(46.54±1.41)％at 45 min after administration of DBE or SDSS-B.Once the administration time was extended to 60 min,the inhibitory effect on P-gp expression of DBE was stronger than SDSS-B[(85.04±1.42)％vs(95.29±0.98)％].However,no significant inhibition of P-gp expression in rat hippocampus was found throughout the treatment of SDSS(P>0.05 at 5,15,45,60 min,vs control group).Conclusion An attenuated expression level of P-gp can be realized by DBE and SDSS-B,which is advantageous to their brain targeting.

AIM:To explore the effect of Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4)-Notch signaling pathway blockade on the development of Thelper 17(Th17) cells in the asthmatic mice.METHODS:Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group, asthma group, normal saline group, anti-Dll4 antibody group, and immunoglobulin G group.The protein expression of Dll4 was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The proportion of Th17 cells in mouse spleen isolated CD4+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry.The protein expression of Th17 transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) was determined by Western blot.The serum level of interleukin (IL)-17 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS:The expression of Dll4 in the lung tissues from asthma group significantly increased as compared with anti-Dll4 antibody group.The proportion of Th17 cells in CD4+ T cells was significantly down-regulated, and the protein expression of RORγt in the lung tissues was significantly reduced in anti-Dll4 antibody group compared with asthma group (P<0.05).Moreover, the serum level of IL-17 in anti-Dll4 antibody group was significantly reduced compared with asthma group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The blockade of Dll4-Notch signaling pathway inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells in asthmatic mice.

Objective To develop a predictive model for postoperative acute kidney injury(AKI)in elderly patients using machine learning methods.Methods The preoperative information and postopera-tive follow-up information of elderly patients who underwent surgery from June 2019 to July 2020 were col-lected,and the laboratory examination results were extracted.A total of 115 preoperative variables were in-cluded.A model of postoperative AKI was constructed using five methods:extreme gradient boosting(XGB),gradient boosting machine(GBM),random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),and elastic net logistic regression(ELA).The performance of the model was evaluated using area under the re-ceiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC),area under the precision recall curve(AUPRC),and Brier score.To simplify the model for clinical application,the original model was obtained and some varia-bles with low correlation were removed,and the model was evaluated again using the above method.Results This study ultimately included 5 929 elderly patients,3 359 males(56.7％)and 2 570 females(43.3％),aged 65-99 years.Among them,154 patients(2.6％)experienced postoperative AKI.Among the prediction models constructed using five machine learning methods,XGB has the highest AUROC and AU-PRC,with values of 0.798(95％CI 0.705-0.888)and 0.230(95％CI 0.079-0.374),respectively.Its Brier score is the lowest among all models,the score is 0.023(95％CI 0.014-0.029).After simplifying the XGB model,72 variables were retained.The AUROC of the simplified model was 0.790(95％CI 0.711-0.861),slightly lower than that of the original model.The AUPRC was 0.176(95％CI 0.070-0.313),and the Brier score was 0.024(95％CI 0.017-0.033),and there was no significant statistical difference,indicating that there was no significant difference in the predictive ability of the simplified model compared to the original model.Conclusion Among the five machine learning methods used to construct postoperative AKI prediction models,XGB has the best predictive performance.The simplified XGB predic-tion model still retains high predictive performance and is easier to be promoted in clinical practice.

Objective To explore the correlation of baseline CCL19+dendritic cell(CCL19+DC)infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment with immunotherapy efficacy and CD8+T cell infiltration.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with lung adenocarcinoma hospitalized at First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January,2020 to December,2023,and collected tissue samples from 96 patients undergoing immunotherapy for assessing CCL19+DC and CD8+T cell infiltration using immunofluorescence assay.We evaluated the predictive value of baseline CCL19+DCs for patient responses to immunotherapy using receiver-operating characteristics(ROC)curves and analyzed the correlations of baseline CCL19+DC expression with immunotherapy efficacy and CD8+T cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)infiltrations.In co-culture systems of lung adenocarcinoma PC9 cells,CD8+T cells and DCs(overexpressing CCL19 with or without anti PD-1 antibody treatment),the expressions of granzyme B,perforin,IFN-γ,and Ki-67 in T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry.Results The patients with partial or complete remission following immunotherapy had a significantly higher baseline CCL19+DC infiltration level in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than those with poor responses.CCL19+DC infiltration had an area under ROC curve of 0.785,a sensitivity of 75.6%,and a specificity of 62.8%for predicting immunotherapy efficacy.The expression of CD8+T cell surface molecules Granzyme B(P<0.01),Perforin(P<0.01),IFN-γ(P<0.01)and Ki-67(P<0.001)in patients with high expression of CCL19+DC were higher than those in patients with low expression of CCL19+DC.The baseline CCL19+DC infiltration level was positively correlated with immunotherapy efficacy(P=0.003),CTL infiltration of(r=0.6657,P<0.001)and CD8+T cell infiltration(P=0.007).In the co-cultured cells,CCL19 overexpression combined with anti-PD1 treatment of the DCs more strongly enhanced cytotoxicity and proliferation of CD8+T lymphocytes than either of the single treatments(P<0.01 or 0.001).Conclusion The baseline CCL19+DC infiltration level in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment is positively correlated with immunotherapy efficacy and CTL infiltration and can thus predict the response to immunotherapy.

Objective To explore the correlation of baseline CCL19+dendritic cell(CCL19+DC)infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment with immunotherapy efficacy and CD8+T cell infiltration.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with lung adenocarcinoma hospitalized at First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January,2020 to December,2023,and collected tissue samples from 96 patients undergoing immunotherapy for assessing CCL19+DC and CD8+T cell infiltration using immunofluorescence assay.We evaluated the predictive value of baseline CCL19+DCs for patient responses to immunotherapy using receiver-operating characteristics(ROC)curves and analyzed the correlations of baseline CCL19+DC expression with immunotherapy efficacy and CD8+T cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)infiltrations.In co-culture systems of lung adenocarcinoma PC9 cells,CD8+T cells and DCs(overexpressing CCL19 with or without anti PD-1 antibody treatment),the expressions of granzyme B,perforin,IFN-γ,and Ki-67 in T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry.Results The patients with partial or complete remission following immunotherapy had a significantly higher baseline CCL19+DC infiltration level in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than those with poor responses.CCL19+DC infiltration had an area under ROC curve of 0.785,a sensitivity of 75.6%,and a specificity of 62.8%for predicting immunotherapy efficacy.The expression of CD8+T cell surface molecules Granzyme B(P<0.01),Perforin(P<0.01),IFN-γ(P<0.01)and Ki-67(P<0.001)in patients with high expression of CCL19+DC were higher than those in patients with low expression of CCL19+DC.The baseline CCL19+DC infiltration level was positively correlated with immunotherapy efficacy(P=0.003),CTL infiltration of(r=0.6657,P<0.001)and CD8+T cell infiltration(P=0.007).In the co-cultured cells,CCL19 overexpression combined with anti-PD1 treatment of the DCs more strongly enhanced cytotoxicity and proliferation of CD8+T lymphocytes than either of the single treatments(P<0.01 or 0.001).Conclusion The baseline CCL19+DC infiltration level in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment is positively correlated with immunotherapy efficacy and CTL infiltration and can thus predict the response to immunotherapy.

In recent years, the number of patients who have lost their mobility due to neurological diseases such as stroke and spinal cord injury has been increasing. Guidelines state that early and scientific rehabilitation training is essential to improve prognosis and quality of life. However, existing rehabilitation methods rely on therapists to train one-on-one or many-to-one, which is not sufficient to meet clinical needs. As a new technology, the exoskeleton robot provides a unique rehabilitation program for patients with lower limb movement disorders, which has become a hot research topic at home and abroad, and related clinical research is also being carried out rapidly. This review summarizes the clinical research progress of exoskeleton robots in patients with lower limb movement disorders caused by nervous system damage in the past ten years, and the prospect of research, development, and clinical promotion about exoskeleton robots.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of transvaginal anterior pelvic floor reconstruction with mesh in treatment of patients with cystocele and lower urinary tract symptoms.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 32 patients who underwent transvaginal anterior pelvic reconstruction with mesh from June 2015 to February 2019 was performed. The age of the patients was 57-86 years old, with an average of (67.8±7.6) years; body mass index(BMI) (22.6±3.0) kg/m 2; mean duration of disease (2.9±2.3) years; delivery 1-7 times, mean(3.0±1.5) times. All patients underwent transvaginal anterior pelvic reconstruction. The anterior wall of the vagina was incised, and the space between the pelvic floor and the bladder was bluntly separated. The mesh was placed under the guidance of the puncture needle after locating marks of body surface. Patients underwent the American Urological Association Symptom Scoring (AUASS) with (14.2±3.5) points, the residual urine (71.3±53.0) ml and the maximum urine flow rate (16.9 ± 3.8) ml/s were measured preoperative. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory(POPDI-6), Urogenital Distress Inventory(UDI-6) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire(PFIQ-7) were recorded as the value of (48.0±7.3) points, (41.7 ± 8.2) points and (62.5 ± 16.4) points, respectively. Thirty-two patients were divided into 2 groups as the group of urinary storage symptom (22 patients) and the group of voiding symptom (10 patients) according to the preoperative lower urinary tract symptoms. The operative time, intraoperative bleeding volume and average hospital stay were recorded. The patients were followed up with AUASS, maximum urine flow rate, residual urine, POPDI-6, UDI-6, PFIQ-7 and complications during and after operations. Results:All the operations of 32 cases were successfull. The average operation time was (61.1±18.6) min, the average intraoperative blood loss was (41.5±12.3)ml, and the average hospital day was (9.1±1.8)d. There were no major organ injuries such as bladder, ureter, iliac vessels and rectum. 27 patients were followed up for 3 to 36 months, with an average of (24.7±10.8) months. There significant improvement of LUTS. At the last follow-up, the AUASS storage phase score (3.4±1.9) points in the urinary storage symptom group(19 patients) and the AUASS urinating phase score (3.9±1.7) points in the voiding symptom group(8 patients) were compared with the preoperative AUASS scores (11.6±1.9) points and (13.9±1.2) points which were significantly reduced. By the last follow up of all the 27 patients, residual urine (23.4±11.0)ml, POPDI-6(3.1±5.4) points, UDI-6 (3.2±5.1) points and PFIQ-7 (12.4±1.7) points were significantly lower than preoperative data. The maximum urinary flow rate(22.4±4.1)ml/s, was significantly higher than that before the operation. All the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). All patients had no recurrence of cystocele. One patient had anterior vaginal wall mesh exposure 3 months after surgery. After removing excess mesh in the outpatient clinic, she was cured by smearing with estrogen ointment. One patient experienced frequent urination and urgency who was cured by oral tolterodine tartrate. One patient with de novo mild SUI during the 1-year follow-up. The symptoms were improved in the outpatient clinic after pelvic floor muscle exercise. At 2-year follow-up, one patient was observed de novo mild posterior wall prolapse with no clinical manifestations and no treatment was carried out. Conclusions:Transvaginal anterior pelvic reconstruction with mesh could be effective in treating cystocele with lower urinary tract symptoms with less surgical trauma, fewer complications and lower recurrence rate. It could effectively improve lower urinary tract symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency and difficulty urinating.However, safety issues such as the incidence of long-term de novo SUI and mesh exposure still require further long-term follow-up.