ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of CT in diagnosis and discrimination of acute focal bacterial nephritis(AFBN). Methods 6 cases of AFBN were reported which were all performed with ultrasound and CT scan.4 of 6 cases were observed by delay contrast enhanced CT examination. ResultsCT scan showed wedge-shaped masses with thickened Gerota fascia.The delayed contrast enhanced CT revealed more clear shapes and verges of the lesions than immediate contrast enhanced CT. ConclusionCT scan is of significant value in diagnosis and discrimination of AFBN with overall review of documents and statistic analysis.

Objective To evaluate the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of hypercatecholaminism. Methods A total of 95 cases of hypercatecholaminism were reviewed.Of them 74 cases were of pheochromocytoma and 21 cases were of adrenal medullary hyperplasia (AMH).In pheochromocytoma group,67 cases (90.5%) had symptom of hypertension.Increase in 24 h urinary VMA occurred in 62 cases (83.8%) and elevated urinary catecholamine level in 67(90.5%).All thses had positive findings of ultrasound,CT scan and MRI.In AMH group,all the patients were hypertensive and their 24 h urinary VMA was increased.Most of them (15/16) had higher urinary catecholamine level than normal;14 out of the 21 cases had positive findings of B-ultrasound examination. Results Surgical operations were performed in the 74 patients with pheochromocytoma including 9 cases of extra-drenal pheochromocytoma.Of them 5 cases were confirmed as malignant pheochromocytoma.In the 21 cases of AMH,18 undewent surgical operation.Of them 12 received unilateral resection and 6 received bilateral resection of adrenal gland.The pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of AMH. Conclusions The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma should be focused on endocrinological examination,ie,qualitative examination,whereas it is diffucult to localize the lesion in AMH compared with pheochromocytoma.The establishment of notion of AMH as an isolated clinicopathological entity broadens and perfects the theory of hypercatecholaminism.

Objective To investigate age-related changes of serum prolactin(PRL) and testosterone (T) in aging males and to study the correlation between PRL and prostatic hyperplasia. Methods 84 aged males were divided into four groups, the fifties, the sixties, the seventies and the eigh- ties . Serum PRL and T were measured using radioimmunoassay. The volume of prostate was evaluated by ultrasound in 38 and it's correlation with PRL studied. Results Serum T level of the 4 age groups from fifties to eighties was (25.92?2.54),(21.00?1.92),(18.37?2.49) and (14.75? 2.38 ) nmol/L respectively and PRL concentration (1.11?0.16), (0.96?0.20), (0.99?0.18) and (0.91?0.29) nmol/L. Analysis of variance showed that serum T concentration significantly decreased with age ( F =3.44, P 0.05). No association between PRL and volume of prostate has been observed. Conclusions PRL play a physiological role in the development and growth of prostate via androgen. But such effect of androgeno-dependence on prostate is greatly diminished because of the decrease of androgen hormone with age especially in the aged.

Objective To consider the clinical significance of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal diseases. Methods We analyzed 33 cases of adrenal diseases treated by retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy in this hospital from October 1996 to December 2001. Results Retroperitoneal laparoscopy was successfully applied in 31 cases, whereas conversions to open adrenalectomy were required in the other 2 cases. The mean operation time was 158 min (120 min～200 min). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 150 ml, without blood transfusion needed. The mean length of hospital stay was 6.4 days. Conclusions Compared with open surgery, retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy has the advantages of minimal invasion, less blood loss, fewer complications, quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay length. This procedure can be applied to in the absence of contraindications (such as tumor size being more than 10cm, metastatic carcinoma and vital organs or blood vessels being involved).

During the last decade,tissue engineering techniques,including the preparation of scaffold and cell culture,have undergone significant development and achieved encouraging results in preliminary clinical trails.However,many medical ethical conflicts still lie ahead in the tissue engineering of the bladder for clinical applications.This review focuses on the current status of tissue engineering techniques and proposes some fundamental principles to be followed in the clinical application of tissue engineering of the bladder.

Objective:To establish a rat model of erectile dysfunction caused by the injury of the cavernous nerve. Methods:Rats topographical anatomy were done for identifing the cavernous nerve and major pelvic ganglion and pelvic nerve and hypogastric nerve .Polygraph intracavernous pressure of the models were detected continuously and evaluated. Results:Erectile process was controlled by erectile nerve. Major pelvic ganglion includes two inflows,they are called pelvic nerve and hypogastric nerve. The largest outflow is cavernous nerve. The injury of the cavernous nerve will lead to erectile dysfunction. Conclusion:Rat can be an ideal animal model for studying the erectile dysfunction caused by cavernous nerve injury. The neuvological mechanism of erectile dysfunction can be evaluated with determination of intracavernous pressure.

China ; Humans ; Urology ; trends

Objective To discus the diagnosis,favorabl management and diagnosis of pilocytastrocytoma.Methods Provided by the information from CT,MRI and operation,we try to discus and confirm the characteristics of this tumor.Results Pilocytastrocytoma commonly occurs in 20 years old or younger.The most frequent location involve by tumor were cerebellum.The most common presenting sympton was increased intracranial pressure,and then cerebellum symptoms such as incoordination.Final diagnosis made depending on mainly pathology.We found the relationship between prognosis and the extent of surgical removal.Conclusions Pilocytastrocytoma usually occur in children and adolescent.The most common site of these tumors are the cerebellum.And the more complete extent of surgical removal,the better prognosis.So it was called as "benign" tumors.If pilocyticastrocytoma were subtotally excised,the addition of postoperative irradiati could significantly prolong survival.

Objective To observe the expression of Her-2/neu protein and androgen receptor (AR) in human prostate cancer and to evaluate their significances in the progression of prostate cancer. Methods The Her-2/neu protein and AR immunohistochemical stain were carried out in human prostate tissue microarray that consisted of prostate cancer (107 cases) and benign prostate tissue (42 cases). The prostate cancer cases were divided into 4 groups: group one (Gleason score 6),group two (Gleasonscore 7), group three (Gleasonscore 8) and group four (Gleasonscore 9) according to the Gleason score. The immunostains immunohistochemical stain were interpreted in two aspects of the staining intensity and the percentage of positive cells. The significance and relationships between the expression of Her-2/neu protein and AR in prostate cancer and benign prostate tissue (BPT) and the grouping of different Gleason scores of prostate cancer were then evaluated. Results The positive expression rate of Her-2/neu protein was significantly higher in prostate cancer tissue than in BPT [43.9%(47/107) vs. 14.3%(6/42), x2=11.562, P=0.009], and the positive expression intensity of Her-2/neu immunoreactivity was also higher (x2= 11.764, P=0.008). There were significant differences in positive expression intensity of Her-2/neu immunoreactivity among the different Gleason scores groups (x2 = 20. 512, P = 0. 015), and the expression intensity was significantly positively correlated with Gleason scores ( r= 0. 269, P = 0. 005). There was significant difference in AR immunoreactivity between in prostate cancer (67 %, 72/107) and in BPT (50 %, 21/42, x2 =3. 843, P=0. 050). Among prostate cancer cases, the positive expression intensity of AR was not significantly different among groups 1 through 4 (x2 = 4. 318, P = 0. 229), and was not significantly correlated with Gleason scores ( r = - 0. 065, P = 0. 505 ). Moreover, the positive expression intensity of Her-2/neu protein was not significantly correlated with that of AR (r = -0. 115, P=0. 237). Conclusions Overexpression of Her-2/neu protein in human prostate cancer tissue suggests that Her-2/neu may have some role in prostate tumorigenesis. Her-2/neu protein expression is positively correlated with Gleason score in prostate cancer, which suggests that Her-2/neu may be a potential prognostic predictor of prostate cancer.

Objective: To discuss and analyze the respective clinical effects of autologous fat filling for facial rejuvenation in the same period of three months after incisions. Methods: From June 2015 to January 2018, 117 patients with facial rejuvenation admitted to the Plastic Surgery Hospital of Weifang Medical College were randomly divided into A, B and C groups. Group A (39 cases, male 3 cases, female 36 cases, age 44-67 years old) received simple rhytidectomy. Group B (39 cases, male 4 cases, female 35 cases, age 45-67 years old) underwent rhytidectomy and autologous fat filling at the same time. Group C (39 cases, male 3 cases, female 36 cases, age 45-65 years old) received autologous fat filling 3 months after rhytidectomy. We compared the improvement of facial depression (nasolabial groove and mouth angle), the effect of facial rejuvenation after fat filling in three groups and the incidence of complications in group B and C. Results: 15 cases in group A, 12 cases in group B and 2 cases in group C had no obvious improvement in facial atrophy, the remaining 88 cases had obvious improvement compared with before operation, and achieved the effect of facial rejuvenation. The incidence of complications in group C (7.69%) was significantly lower than that in group B (35.90%), the excellent or good rate of facial improvement and the nasolabial groove and peri-oral depression improvement in group C (87.18%, 92.31%) was significantly higher than that in group B (64.10%, 64.10%) and group A (33.33%, 17.95%) (P<0.05). Conclusions Comparative analysis of fat filling after 3 months of wrinkle removal to improve facial soft tissue atrophy and collapse is more obvious and more permanent in effect than fat filling, which is worthy of clinical promotion.