Itraconazole has potent anticancer activity at the standard therapeutic doses,which is proved in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies,even in active clinical trials.The precise mode of action of itraconazole for its anticancer activity has not been elucidated,however multiple putative mechanisms are proposed,such as anti-angiogenesis,inhibition of Hedgehog pathway,autophagy induction and reversal of multi-drug resistance.Its high efficacy,known toxicity and well-estabhshed pharmacokinetics make this generic drug a strong candidate for repurposing as an oncological treatment.

[Objective]To analyse the academic characteristics of Jiudetang Yi'an by the famed Qing Dynasty physician LI Yongcui,so as to braoden the schemes of the clinical diagnosis and treatment.[Methods]Using the 67 medical cases recorded in the Jiudetang Yi'an as the primary research subjects,this paper extracted and analyzed the main symptoms,disease locations,syndrome types,treatment principles and prescriptions from these cases.Additionally,this paper referenced other relevant classical texts to summarize LI's academic thoughts and clinical experiences.[Results]LI inherited family medical teachings from a young age and extensively absorbed the essence of various schools of thought,supplementing areas unexplored by his predecessors.Academically,he was grounded in the Huangdi Neijing and was profoundly influenced by Dongyuan's theories,developing unique insights into"Yin fire".In clinical practice,LI strictly adhered to holistic principles,selecting medications based on timing;treating upper body ailments by addressing lower body issues with skillful differentiation;advocating spleen regulation as fundamental while emphasizing the liver harmony and protecting the spleen and kidney functions.LI prioritized complexion and pulse diagnosis,excelling particularly in pulse diagnosis,and basing treatments on pulse-symptom discrepancies.His approach favored mild medications,cautiously employing aggressive treatments,effectively utilizing channel-guiding and envoy drugs,and skillfully incorporating hematite in prescriptions.[Conclusion]Jiudetang Yi'an presents a collection of meticulously selected cases,comprehensive in theory,methodology,prescription,and medication.The distinctive diagnostic and therapeutic features of LI's practice,as encapsulated in these records,offer valuable insights for expanding syndrome differentiation thinking and guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment.This work merits in-depth study and inheritance by future generations of practitioners.