Objective To explore the effect of Drotaverine hydrochloride on preventing bladder spasm after transurethral prostatectomy.Methods 124 patients after transurethral prostatectomy were divided into patient-controlled epidural analgesia pump group (group I, n=61) and Drotaverine hydrochloride group (group II, n=63). Group I received bupivacaine by patient-controlled epidural analgesia, and the pump was withdrawed after 72 h. Group II received Drotaverine hydrochloride by intramuscular injection, 80 mg every 12 h, and then orally taken after anal exhaust for 3 days. Bladder spasm and adverse reaction were recorded in both groups. Results There was no significant difference in bladder spasm between group I (11.48%) and group II (12.70%) (P>0.05), as well as in side reaction between group I (16.39%) and group II (17.46%) (P>0.05). Conclusion Drotaverine hydrochloride is effective on preventing bladder spasm after transurethral resection of the prostate, with small side effect.

Objective:To observe the postoperative complications and revision rates of robot arm-assisted unicompartment arthroplasty by means of a meta-analysis.Methods:Relevant databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Wanfang, VIP, CNKI, and Web of Science were searched by computer for high-quality studies on complications and revision rates after robot arm-assisted unicompartment arthroplasty in both English and Chinese from the database establishment date to March 2021. The quality of the studies retrieved was evaluated. Relevant data including postoperative complications, infection, pain, prosthesis loosening, and revision were extracted for a meta-analysis using STATA 15.0 software.Results:A total of 16 studies were included, including one randomized controlled study, 6 case-control studies and 9 cohort studies. By the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS), 7 studies scored 14 points, 3 studies 13 points, one study 12 points, 4 studies 11 points, and one study 10 points. Meta analysis showed that the total rate of complications was 2% (95% CI: 1%to 4%) . Three studies used NAVIO robot, 7 studies MAKO robot, one study NAVIO and MAKO robots, and one study Acrobot robot. Since just one study used Acrobot robot, only MAKO and NAVIO robots were included for the subgroup analysis which showed that the postoperative complication rates for NAVIO and MAKO robots were 4.0% (95% CI: -2% to 10%) and 3% (95% CI: 1% to 5%) , respectively. The incidence of postoperative pain was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1% to 0.3%), the incidence of postoperative infection 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3% to 0.8%), the incidence of postoperative prosthesis loosening 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3% to 0.8%), and the revision rate 2% (95% CI: 1% to 2%). According to the subgroup analysis of NAVIO and MAKO robots, their revision rates were 4% (95% CI: 2% to 7%) and 2% (95% CI: 1% to 2%), respectively. Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of robot arm-assisted unicompartment arthroplasty is good, for the complications in the patients are limited and the long-term survival rate of the prosthesis is excellent.

Objective:To investigate the complicated virus infection of infants with pertussis and its effect on the disease.Methods:From January 2019 to March 2020, a total of 100 hospitalized infants with pertussis were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for detection of ten pathogens including pertussis, namely respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), parainfluenza virus(PIV), bordetella pertussis (BP), human rhinovirus(HRV), human bocavirus(HBoV), human metapneumovirus(hMPV), influenza B virus (INF-B), adenovirus, influenza A virus and cytomegalovirus(CMV). According to the results of pathogen detection, all infants were divided into single detection group of BP(single detection group) and co-detection group of BP combined with viruses(co-detection group). The clinical data of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed and compared to explore the differences of clinical characteristics and its impact on the course of disease.Results:Among 100 cases, there were 54(54.0%) boys and 46(46.0%)girls.The age ranged from 28 days to 2 years and 5 months, with a median age of 3.5 months.Fifty-six cases were classified as single detection group, while 44 cases were included into co-detection group.Among infants in co-detection group, fourteen cases were co-infected with CMV(31.8%, 14/44), seven cases with HRV(15.9%, 7/44), seven cases with PIV(15.9%, 7/44), four cases with RSV(9.1%, 4/44), one case with hMPV(2.2%, 1/44), eight cases with CMV+ HRV(18.2%, 8/44), one case with HRV+ HBoV (2.2%, 1/44), one case with CMV+ PIV(2.2%, 1/44)and one case with CMV+ PIV+ INF-B(2.2%, 1/44). The number of infants in the single detection group who had cyanosis before treatment, requiring repiratory support, PICU admission, severe pneumonia or abnormal myocardial enzymes were higher than those in the co-detection group( P<0.05), while the months of age were lower than that in the co-detection group( P<0.05). When comparing the clinical characteristics of infants over three months of age, only the number of cases of combined cyanosis before treatment and the number of days in hospital were higher in the single detection group than those in the co-detection group ( P<0.05), no statistically significant differences were found in the other clinical characteristics between the two groups( P>0.05). Conclusion:The cases of infants requiring repiratory support, complicated with severe pneumonia or abnormal myocardial enzymes in the single detection group are higher than those in the co-detection group, which may be attributed to the small age of months.

Transarterial chemoembolization （TACE） is currently the primary treatment method for advanced liver cancer. This article elaborates on the current status of application of TACE in hepatocellular carcinoma from the aspects of existing techniques， patient selection， and efficacy assessment and summarizes the research advances and prospects of TACE combined with local treatment and systemic therapy， so as to provide new ideas for clinical practice and experimental studies.

Posterior tibial slope (PTS) is used to describe the sagittal alignment of the tibial plateau of the knee. As its values indicate the steepness or gentleness of the tibial platform, it is an important basis for knee surgery, such as total knee replacement (TKA), anterior cruciate ligament/posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (RACL/RPCL) and tibia high-level osteotomy (HTO), and affects the indication and efficacy of knee surgery. Since there has been no consensus description of PTS at present in clinical practice in China, this paper intends to discuss PTS from perspectives of epidemiology, measurement, its influence on knee joint activity, relationship between subchondral bone and knee ligament, and its significance in various knee joint operations. This review hopes to contribute to the knee surgery after the surgeons have a comprehensive understanding of the clinical significance and applications of PTS.