The neonatal maternal separation ( NMS) model has been ubiquitously used in studies of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) ,which mimics the disease characterized by visceral hypersensitivity, and GI dismotility and mental disor-der.This minireview focuses on the features and certain pathological mechanism of the animal models.

Objective To study the safety of opening pulp chamber therapy for elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods Blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiography were examined during the treatment by opening of pulp chamber for patients with acute and chronic pulpititis and cardiovascular diseases. Patients without cardiovascular disease were used as controls. Results Both blood pressure and heart rates were increased during local anesthetic injection(14/6 mm Hg, 14 4/6 6 mmHg; 4 8, 4 1 times/min) and during the opening of pulp chamber(16/9 mm Hg, 19/12 mm Hg; 6 4, 5 9 times/min) for both patients and control groups with statistically significant differences compared with that before operation. But there was no statistically significant differences between the patients with cardiovascular diseases and the controls during the local anesthetic injection and the opening of pulp chamber. Electrocardiogram showed myocardial ischemia deteriorated in some patients with cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions Endodontic treatment under monitoring by electrocardiography is safe and can be recommended to the elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases

OBJECTIVETo study the indication and contraindication of opening pulp chamber therapy for patients with a history of remote myocardial infarction.

METHODSBlood pressure (BP), heart beat rate and electrocardiographic examination were determined during opening pulp chamber therapy in patients with acute and chronic pulpititis and a history of remote myocardial infarction.

RESULTSHigh blood pressure and quick heart beat were found during local anaesthetic injection and opening of pulp chamber (during local anaesthetic injection BP increased by 12.52/8.04 mmHg, heart rate by 4.02 times/min;during opening of pulp chamber BP and heart rate increased by 15.43/8.0 mmHg, 6.37 times/min respectively). Electrocardiogram showed myocardial ischemic pattern deteriorated in some patients with the history of coronary insufficiency.

CONCLUSIONSMost patients can bear it. Comprehensive physical examinations, evaluations of the patients' cardial status, mental state and indispensible equipment are necessary. The therapy is recommended to be operated under the monitor electrocardiography for the safety of the patients.

Acute Disease ; Aged ; Anesthetics, Local ; administration & dosage ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Chronic Disease ; Contraindications ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; Pulpectomy ; methods ; Pulpitis ; surgery