Objective: To investigate the early immune effects of rabies vaccine combined with human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). Methods: Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) was used to test the titers of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA). The titers of RVNA of persons who had exposed to rabies at degree III on day 0, day 1, day 7, day 14 and day 45 were compared. The dynamic curves and seroconversion rates (SCR) of RVNA in persons of different genders, age and vaccine regimens (Essen and Zagreb) groups were analyzed. Results: No significant differences of SCR among different genders, age and vaccine regimens groups were observed on the same day. SCR could be 100% on day14 in different groups. The dynamic curves of RVNA within the first 14 days showed the models of gradual rise, rapid rise and rapid decline. Conclusions The dynamic curves of RVNA within the first 14 days varied when rabies vaccines were used in combination with HRIG, and not all subjects were proved to be protected based on the RVNA detection within this period.

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the chronological changes in postoperative complications in surgical ulcerative colitis patients over the past decade in China and to investigate the potential parameters that contributed to the changes. Methods: Ulcerative colitis patients who underwent surgery during 2008–2017 were retrospectively enrolled from 13 hospitals in China. Postoperative complications were compared among different operation years. Risk factors for complications were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 446 surgical ulcerative colitis patients were analyzed. Fewer short-term complications (24.8% vs. 41.0%, P=0.001) and more laparoscopic surgeries (66.4% vs. 25.0%, P<0.001) were found among patients who received surgery during 2014–2017 than 2008–2013. Logistic regression suggested that independent protective factors against short-term complications were a higher preoperative body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 0.870; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.785–0.964; P=0.008), laparoscopic surgery (OR, 0.391; 95% CI, 0.217–0.705; P=0.002) and elective surgery (OR, 0.213; 95% CI, 0.067–0.675; P=0.009). The chronological decrease in short-term complications was associated with an increase in laparoscopic surgery. Conclusions Our data revealed a downward trend of short-term postoperative complications among surgical ulcerative colitis patients in China during the past decade, which may be due to the promotion of minimally invasive techniques among Chinese surgeons.