To investigate the effect of long-term indwelling gastric tube on the prevention and treatment of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for esophageal circumferential superficial cancer, data of patients with esophageal circumferential superficial cancer who underwent ESD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 15 patients with gastric tube placement (GTP) after ESD (the GTP group ), and 23 patients without GTP (the non-GTP group). The general information, lesion location, pathological stage, postoperative complications, degree of esophageal stenosis (water intake), pain conditions, number of hospitalizations and medical expenses were compared between the two groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in age, gender, lesion location or postoperative pathological stage between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with the non-GTP group, the rate of water intake in the GTP group was significantly higher (11/15 VS 6/23, P<0.05), the frequency of pain was less in the GTP group (7.3±3.1 times VS 10.7±3.6 times, t=3.00, P<0.05), and the number of hospitalizations and the medical expenses after ESD to before and after stent placement were significantly lower in the GTP group than those in the non-GTP group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of delayed bleeding and perforation, or time of the first stenosis after ESD between the two groups ( P>0.05). The results of the study initially showed that long-term indwelling gastric tube after ESD can reduce the degree of esophageal stenosis with good safety for esophageal circumferential superficial lesions.

Opioid receptor agonist-antagonists are a class of drugs which have both agonistic and antagonistic effects on opioid receptors. These drugs already on the market mainly include pentazocine， butorphanol， nalbuphine， buprenorphine， dezocine and so on. Compared with pure opioid receptor agonists such as morphine and fentanyl， these drugs have strong analgesic effects， less addictive， and less side effects such as cough， itching and respiratory depression. Due to the different tendentious effects of opioid receptor agonists-antagonists among different endogenous opioid receptors （μ， κ， δ， etc.）， different receptors of subtypes can exhibit different or even opposite effects in terms of affecting emotions and drug dependence. Therefore， the rational use of these drugs can effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions and drug abuse caused by opioid drugs. With the deepening of research on various endogenous opioid receptor subtypes and related drugs in the academic community， opioid receptor agonists- antagonists have broad application space and prospects in improving adverse reactions to opioid drugs and enhancing patient drug compliance.