Objective:To analyze the drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa( PA) isolated from clinical specimen to provide the guidance for the clinical treatment. Methods:The infection status of PA from January 2012 to December 2012 was reviewed retro-spectively, and the results of susceptibility test for 448 PA strains were analyzed. Results:The antibiotic susceptibility of the PA strains to cefoperazone sodium and sulbac, ampicillin aodium and aulbacta,aiprofloxacin,cefepime,piperacillin/ sulbactam,amikacin, ceftazi-dime,meropenem, imipenem, minocycline, selectrin and aefuroxime was 100%, 76%, 72. 8%, 69. 4%, 66. 3%, 65. 6%, 64. 8%, 59. 9%,28. 9%,2. 4% and 0%,respectively. Conclusion:PA is one of the main pathogenic bacteria for nosocomial infection. It is necessary to strengthen the drug resistance test and standardize the application of antibiotics in order to provide the reference for clinical rational use of antibacterial drugs.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of emodin (EM) in renal interstitial fibrosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice.Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,including sham operation group (n=8),UUO operation group (n=8),UUO operation+losartan (LST) group (n=8) and UUO operation+EM group (n=8).The mice in each group were ingested the suspensions by gavage for 14 days after surgery.Mice in UUO+LST and UUO+ EM groups were given 10 mg· kg-1· d-1 LST and 20 mg· kg-1 · d-1 EM,respectively.LST and EM were mixed with 0.5％ sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.Mice in sham group and UUO group were given 0.5％ sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.The mice were sacrificed at the 14th day.Interstitial fibrosis was observed by HE,Masson and PAS stain.Real-time PCR was used to detect LC3,Beclin-1 and mTOR mRNA.Protein expressions of TGF-β1,α-SMA,E-cadherin,LC3,Beclin-1,PI3K,p-Akt and mTOR were detected by Western blotting.The autophagy was observed with transmission electron microscopy in the renal tissue.Results Compared with sham mice,UUO mice at the 14th day displayed obvious renal fibrosis.Meanwhile,UUO mice had increased expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA (all P ＜ 0.01),and decreased expressions of E-cadherin (P ＜ 0.01).Their renal expressions of PI3K,p-Akt and mTOR were also raised (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with those in UUO group,in UUO+LST group and UUO+EM group,expressions of autophagy protein LC3 and Beclin-1 were increased (all P ＜ 0.01),and the number of autophagic was increased.Additionally,expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA were reduced in UUO+LST group and UUO+EM group (all P ＜ 0.01),while the expression of E-cadherin was increased by emodin treatment (P＜ 0.05).And expressions of PI3K,p-Akt and mTOR were decreased in UUO + LST group and UUO + EM group (all P ＜ 0.05),meanwhile renal tissue fibrosis significantly reduced.Conclusions Emodin can promote autophagy,ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis and protect renal function through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the rationality of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the prevention of stress ulcer in perioperative orthopedic patients of our hospitals,and to provide reference for ratioual use of PPIs in clinic.METHODS:The medical records of discharged orthopedic patients were selected during Jan.1st-30th in 2016.Those records were analyzed statistically in respects of the use of PPIs,general information of patients,operation situation,the stressors and risk factors of stress ulcer.The rationality of the use of PPIs was analyzed comprehensively.RESULTS:Among 664 surgical patients,PPIs were used in 210 cases,and H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) were used in 74 cases,with prophylactic rate of 42.77％.The main types of operation were fracture fixation (74 cases,35.24％),discectomy and discectomy (38 cases,18.11％).Among 210 patients receiving PPIs,all of them used PPIs,among which 68 cases (32.38％) had no medication indications,128 cases (60.95％) were medication timing error,74 cases (35.24％) were administration frequency error and 44 cases (20.95％) were more than 3 d prophylactic drug use.CONCLUSION:When orthopedic patients use PPIs for the prevention of stress ulcer,there are serious irrational phenomena in indications,species selection,usage and dosage,treatment course and so on.Clinicians and regulators should pay great attention to it so as to avoid the excessive application of PPIs.

Objective:To investigate the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)in gynecological patients in a hospital and analyze the use rationality of PPIs for the prevention of stress ulcer so as to provide reference for the clinical application of PPIs. Methods:To-tally 1000 patients' medical records admitted to the gynecological department for the first time from January 1st to December 31st in 2016 were randomly selected to conduct a retrospective analysis,and the rationality of PPIs was evaluated. Results:The preventive use rate of PPIs was 90.72%(880/970). Among the 880 patients, 28.18%(248/880) of the patients were without indications for the preventive medication,95.68%(842/880) of the patients were with wrong administration time, and 91.46%(578/632) of the pa-tients were with wrong usage and dosage. Conclusion:When PPIs are used for the prevention of SU in gynecological surgery,irrational use such as without indications, unsuitable variety selection and wrong usage and dosage still exists. It is suggested that regulators should strengthen technical and administrative interventions and establish standard for the rational use of PPIs in hospitals so as to avoid the excessive use of PPIs and improve the situation of inappropriate application.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of emodin ( EM) in the expression of related protein for the fibrosis of the transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-stimulated human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Methods: HK-2 cells were randomly divided into the normal control group, TGF-β1-stimulated model control group and emodin ( TGF-β1 +EM) group. The contents of Collage Ⅰ and fibronectin in the culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. After HK-2 cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 for 24 h, the cells were collected for immunofluorescence, Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. RT-PCR was used to detect PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR. The protein expressions of PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR were detected by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to detect PI3K. Results: Compared with those in the model control group, the contents of CollageⅠand fibronectin in the supernatant of emod-in group significantly decreased (P<0. 05), the expression of PI3K protein was inhibited, the expression of downstream p-Akt protein decreased, and the downstream mTOR decreased (P<0. 05), the expression levels of PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR mRNA decreased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05), and the expression of PI3K decreased. Conclusion: Emodin can alleviate fibrosis of HK-2 cells stimulated by TGF-β1 through the classical Akt/mTOR pathway of autophagy.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of multi-drug resistant organism（MDRO）infection in orthopedic trauma patients.Methods:A retrospective case series study was made on clinical data of 95 orthopedic patients with in-hospital wound infection admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2020 to December 2020，including 71 males and 24 females at age of 14-70 years［（42.6 ± 13.8）years］. MDRO infection occurred in 38 patients（DRO group），while not in 57 patients（non-MDRO group）. Etiological characteristics of wound infections were observed. Univariate analysis was used to compare variables between the two groups，including baseline data（gender，age，length of hospital stay，chronic comorbidity）and injury as well as hospitalization information（transfer from another hospital，emergency admission，time from injury to first treatment，open injury，combination with fracture，wound contamination，depth of wound，ICU stay，number of operations，cumulative operation time，type of incision，length of hospital stay before diagnosis of infection，type of antibiotics used，usage of hormones/immunosuppressive agents，level of hemoglobin/serum albumin/blood glucose on admission）. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze independent risk factors for MDRO infection.Results:A total of 119 pathogenic bacteria were detected on the wound，including 21 gram-positive cocci（18%），91 gram-negative bacilli（76%）and 7 others（6%）. Top five strains were Acinetobacter baumannii，Enterobacter cloacae，Escherichia coli，Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Univariate analysis showed the two groups had significant differences in terms of length of hospital stay，wound contamination，ICU stay，length of hospital stay before diagnosis of infection，type of antibiotics used and levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin on admission（ P < 0.05），but not in gender，age，hypertension，diabetes，transfer from another hospital and emergency admission（ P > 0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed MDRD infection was obviously correlated with the long hospital stay（ OR = 1.033， 95%CI 1.005-1.061， P < 0.05），time from injury to first treatment over 6 hours（ OR = 4.282， 95%CI 1.174-15.616， P < 0.05），types of antibiotics used ≥ 3（ OR = 7.486， 95%CI 2.451-22.863， P < 0.05）and low level of hemoglobin on admission（ OR = 0.973， 95%CI 0.962-0.985， P < 0.05）. Conclusions:For orthopedic trauma patients，MDRO infection is independently associated with long hospital stay，time from injury to first treatment，type of antibiotics use and level of hemoglobin on admission，suggesting that decreased length of hospitalization，shortened time of first wound treatment，individualized and rational usage of antibiotics and timely correction of anemia are important measures to prevent MDRO infection.