Objective To investigate the infection status of human rotavirus,calicivirus,astrovirus and enteric adenovirus in children aged ＜5 years in disease surveillance areas in Henan province from 2013 to 2015.Methods A total of 880 stool samples were collected from four sentinel hospitals and group A rotavirus was detected by ELISA and group A rotavirus G/P genotyping was performed with nested multiplex RT-PCR,while rotavirus (group B,C),calicivirus and astrovirus were detected by two-step multiplex RT-PCR and adenovirus were detected by PCR.The epidemiological data of positive cases were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 594 positive samples were detected,including 24 mixed infection samples,370 rotavirus positive samples (42.0％);162 calicivirus positive samples (18.4％);69 astrovirus positive samples (7.8％) and 17 enteric adenovirus positive samples (1.9％).The overall positive rate of four viruses was significantly higher in urban area than in rural area,but the positive rate of rotavirus was higher in males than in females and in younger age group than in older age group.G9P [8] was the major genotype of group A rotavirus,there were two seasonal infection peaks in autumn and spring.Norovirus Ⅱ was the predominant type of calicivirus and the infection peak was in spring.Viral diarrhea cases were distributed in different age groups,mainly in age groups 0-12 months (rotavirus) and 3-5 years (calicivirus).The main clinical symptoms included fever,diarrhea and vomiting.The etiological characteristics differed with gender and area.Conclusions The infection rate of diarrheal viruses was higher in young children ＜5 years old in disease surveillance areas.The epidemiological and clinical features varied with the type of pathogen.

Objective To understand the distribution of Salmonella in external environment in Henan province,and explore the distribution of different serotypes of the Salmonella and their homology.Methods A total of 4 488 samples were collected form animal dung,meat products and kitchen utensils,and identified by biochemical tests and serotyped by serum agglutination reaction.The predominant serotypes were further typed by PFGE.Results A total of 324 Salmonella strains were detected in these samples,the detection rate was 7.21％.The 324 Salmonella isolates belonged to 39 serotypes,S.enteritidis (24.07％,78/324) and S.derby (20.37％,66/324) were predominant.Forty six strains ofS.enteritidis and 30 strains of S.derby were divided into 12 and 17 molecular patterns by digestion with Xba Ⅰ,while chicken and swine were the predominant animal hosts.Conclusions Serotyping of external environment Salmonella were phenotypically diverse and the serotype of Salmonella from different sources were different.The same clone was prevalent in same area.It is necessary to strengthen supervision and surveillance to ensure food safety.

Objective:To establish a sequencing method for the genome of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) based on next-generation sequencing (NGS).Methods:SFTSV RNA was extracted from serum samples of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. SFTSV-specific primers were designed using Primer 5.0 software. A multiplex PCR method was constructed and used to amplify the nucleotide sequence of SFTSV. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the NGS platform.Results:The whole genes of SFTSV isolates in 28 serum samples were amplified by the multiplex PCR with a coverage over 94%. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of those strains revealed that the predominant strains ( n=20) belonged to genotype A, followed by genotypes B ( n=4) and E ( n=3). Conclusions:A high-throughput sequencing method for SFTSV based on multiplex PCR was established in this study. This method was characterized by high specificity and good quality and could improve the sequencing efficiency.

Objective:To report the first case of sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in Puyang city, and to study the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of S, M, L fragments of the SFTSV isolate.Methods:The epidemiological characteristics of this case was analyzed with epidemiological methods. SFTSV was isolated from the patient′s serum sample. Nucleic acid of SFTSV was extracted and detected by fluorescent RT-PCR. A multiplex PCR method was constructed to amplify the nucleic acid sequence of the virus. whole-genome sequencing was performed on the next-generation sequencing platform. MEGA11 and DNAStar was used for homology analysis and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.Results:Epidemiological investigation showed that the patient and his close contacts had no history of travel or tick bite within 14 d, but had a history of fieldwork. The patient′s serum sample was positive for SFTSV nucleic acid. Genetic analysis showed that the S, M, L gene fragments of the first SFTSV isolate in Puyang belonged to genotype E. This isolate shared 94.8%-99.6%, 94.0%-99.8% and 95.7%-99.7% nucleotide sequence homology with the representative strains acquired from GeneBank in S, M, L gene fragments, respectively.Conclusions:This case was the first case of SFTSV-caused severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Puyang. The SFTSV isolate shared a close homology with domestic isolates, but its genotype was significantly different from the SFTSV strains isolated in Henan in recent years, indicating that it might an imported case from other places in Henan Province or Hubei Province. Disease monitoring and professional training for medical personnel should be strengthened and more attention should be paid to the evolution and mutation of SFTSV.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal characteristics of human brucellosis in Henan Province.Methods:Data of human brucellosis in Henan Province from 2005 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and a descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic profile of brucellosis in Henan Province and the three distribution characteristics. Global and local spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the spatial distribution and the hot spots of brucellosis in Henan Province, respectively, and spatiotemporal scanning was used to analyze the spatiotemporal clustering regions of brucellosis in Henan Province.Results:A total of 39 862 brucellosis cases were reported in Henan Province from 2005 to 2021, with an average annual incidence of 2.44/100 000, and the number of cases showed an overall increasing trend each year (χ 2trend = 11 127.85, P = 0.001). The onset months were mainly concentrated from March to July, accounting for 59.00% (23 517/39 862), with May as the peak (5 478 cases). Cases of brucellosis were reported in 157 counties (cities, districts) of the province. The ratio of male to female was 2.52∶1.00 (28 542/11 320). Farmers were the main occupation, with 32 985 cases (82.75%). The age of onset was mainly 45 to 65 years old, with 20 226 cases (50.74%). The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the global Moran's I was > 0, Z > 1.96, and P < 0.05 in all years except 2006 - 2008, showing spatial clustering. Further local spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed, and high-high and low-low clustering areas existed in 2012 - 2021 ( P < 0.01). Spatiotemporal scanning analysis showed that there was one spatiotemporal cluster in the high incidence area and two spatiotemporal clusters in the low incidence area. The high incidence cluster was centered in Neixiang County, covering 48 counties (cities, districts) including Song County and Ruzhou City, and the aggregation time was from 2014 to 2021. The two low incidence clusters were centered in Yongcheng City and Boai County, covering 58 and 18 counties (cities, districts), respectively, and the aggregation time was 2016 - 2021 and 2005 - 2012, respectively. Conclusion:The overall incidence of brucellosis in Henan Province is on the rise from 2005 to 2021, with middle-aged and elderly male farmers as the main affected population, and there are spatiotemporal clusters of brucellosis in Henan Province.

Objective:To provide a new morning check method for the output dose stability of the multileaf collimator (MLC) of the CyberKnife M6 (CK-M6) system.Methods:The CT images of a verification phantom with a size of 20 cm × 20 cm × 10 cm were transmitted into the Precision Treatment Plan ning System (ver. 1.1.1.1). The high-precision alignment between the accelerator output front and the fixed position of the phantom surface was achieved using the fiducial tracking method. A 10 cm × 10 cm radiation field was formed by the MLC and a DailyCheck plan with an output of 200 MU was designed. The repeatability, sensitivity, and accuracy of the DailyCheck plan were measured, and the CK-M6 system was continuously tested for one month using the artificial fixed method and the DailyCheck plan designed in this study. Results:The average and the standard deviation of 10 repeated measurements by the DailyCheck plan were 492.28 pC and 0.09, respectively, indicating good stability. There was a linear correlation between the measured values and the output dose, with a correlation coefficient of R2 > 0.999. Moreover, there was a position deviation of 2 mm between the phantom and the accelerator output front, and the result ant effect on the measured values was equivalent to a dose deviation caused by an output of 1.24 MU. The result from the continuous measurement of both the artificial fixed method and the DailyCheck plan fell within permissible limits, showing high consistency. Conclusions:The DailyCheck plan established through the fiducial tracking of a verification phantom can achieve the convenient, quick, and accurate daily detection of the output dose stability of the MLC of CK-M6. Therefore, this method can be widely applied in the clinical quality control of the CK-M6 system.

In recent years， as people's diets have changed and diversified， the incidence of dental arthritis has increased year by year， seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Therefore， the prevention and treatment of dental arthritis should be emphasized. To further study the pathogenesis of dental arthritis and the development and screening of therapeutic drugs， this paper summarized and analyzed the modeling methods， mechanisms， as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the existing animal models of dental arthritis. The clinical diagnostic criteria of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine was established， and the compatibility of TCM and western medicine anastomosis in animal models was evaluated. The results showed that the gel perfusion model had a good match between TCM and western medicine， with simple operation and short cycle. By combining the pathogenic factors of TCM and western medicine， the models of kidney deficiency and stomach heat with kidney deficiency in TCM were obtained， which fully reflected the clinical syndrome characteristics of TCM and western medicine， thus simulating the pathogenesis of human natural dental arthritis. Besides， ligation line model， as the most commonly-used animal model of dental arthritis with a good match to western medicine， was mature and highly repeatable， and had a high success rate. Ligation line model was widely used in various periodontal disease studies， but it did not involve the pathogenic factors of TCM. The current animal model of dental arthritis is given priority to western medicine disease model， and the combination of disease and model is rare， which cannot meet the requirements of the syndrome characteristics of TCM. Only an animal model of dental arthritis with TCM syndrome that conforms to the clinical syndrome characteristics effectively assists to study the nature of TCM syndrome and develop innovative Chinese medicine. Therefore， the establishment of an accurate and standardized animal model of dental arthritis combined with TCM and western medicine is still the focus of future study on the pathogenesis of dental arthritis. This study is intended to provide a certain basis for the discovery， screening， and evaluation of medicines for the treatment of dental arthritis.