OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for performance evaluation of pharmaceutical care for clinical pharmacists. METHODS：Based on literature review ，weighted TOPSIS method was used to formulate a performance evaluation system of pharmaceutical care. The performance of 120 pharmaceutical care work of 5 clinical pharmacists in our hospital from Jan. 2017 to Dec. 2018 was evaluated. RESULTS ：The performance evaluation detailed rules of clinical pharmacists ’pharmaceutical care work were successfully constructed ，including pharmaceutical ward round ，medication education ，medication consultation and pharmacy consultation，with a total of 17 evaluation indicators. Among 120 cases，there were 21 cases with relative approach degree ＞0.6 （17.5％）；73 cases had relative approach degree between 0.5 and ＜0.6（60.8％）；26 cases had relative approach degree between 0.4 and ＜0.5（21.7％）. The major problem was that the participation of clinical pharmacists in muti-disciplinary treatment ，the approval of scientific research fund projects were insufficient and not much paper was written. CONCLUSIONS ：The performance evaluation system of clinical pharmacists ’pharmaceutical care work based on weighted TOPSIS method is normative and reasonable，and it can be used in the evaluation of clinical pharmacists ’pharmaceutical care work . The results suggest that there are some defects in the performance of clinical pharmacists ’pharmaceutical care work in our hospital ，which need to be improved.

ObjectiveThe full name of vertebroplasty is percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). It is a clinical technique that injects bone cement into the diseased vertebral body to achieve strengthening of the vertebra. The research on the safety and efficacy of bone cement is the basis for clinical application. In this study, vertebroplasty is used to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of Tecres and radiopaque bone cement in experimental pigs, and to determine the puncture method suitable for pigs and the pre-clinical evaluation method for the safety and efficacy of bone cement. MethodsTwenty-four experimental pigs (with a body weight of 60-80 kg) were randomly divided into an experimental group (Group A) and a control group (Group B). Group A was the Tecres bone cement group, and Group B was the radiopaque bone cement group, with 12 pigs in each group. Under the monitoring of a C-arm X-ray machine, the materials were implanted into the 1st lumbar vertebra (L1) and 4th lumbar vertebra (L4) of the pigs via percutaneous puncture using the unilateral pedicle approach. The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks and 26 weeks after the operation, respectively. The L4 vertebrae were taken for compressive strength testing, and the L1 vertebrae were taken for hard tissue pathological examination to observe the inflammatory response, bone necrosis, and degree of osseointegration at the implantation site. ResultsThe test results of compressive strength between groups A and B showed no significant difference at 4 weeks and 26 weeks after bone cement implantation (P > 0.05). Observation under an optical microscope (×100) revealed that at 4 weeks postoperatively, both groups A and B showed that the bone cement was surrounded by proliferative fibrous tissue, with lymphocyte infiltration around it. The bone cement was combined with bone tissue, the trabecular arrangement was disordered, and osteoblasts and a small amount of osteoid were formed. At 26 weeks postoperatively, bone cement was visible in both groups A and B. The new bone tissue was mineralized, the trabeculae were fused, the trabecular structure was regular and dense with good continuity, and no obvious inflammatory reaction was observed. ConclusionIn experimental pig vertebrae, there were no significant differences observed in the compressive strength, inflammation response, bone destruction, and integration with the bone between Tecres and non-radiopaque bone cement. Both exhibited good biocompatibility and osteogenic properties. It indicates that using vertebroplasty to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bone cement in pigs is scientifically sound.

BACKGROUNDCigarette smoke induced airway inflammation plays a role in pathogenesis of airway inflammation. Resolvin-D1 derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is an endogenous anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediator. Resolvin-D1 ameliorated inflammatory responses in lung injury, asthma, peritonitis and atherosclerosis. We investigated whether resolvin-D1 suppressed the productions of chemokines and oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro and its possible mechanism.

METHODSWe examined the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) productions induced by CSE in 16 human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells after resolvin-D1 treatment and their mechanisms. 16HBE cells were treated with resolvin-D1 at up to 10 nmol/L, for 30 minutes before CSE up to 16% (v/v) exposure. Release of interlukin-8 proteins was assessed by enzyme linked immunosort assay (ELISA) and its mRNA level by RT-PCR. We evaluated extracellular H2O2 expression in the supernatant. Phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65 and degradation of I-κB in 16HBE cells were determined by Western blotting analysis and NF-κB DNA binding activity by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).

RESULTS16HBE cells treated with 8% CSE showed significantly higher interlukin-8 production. Resolvin-D1 pretreatment inhibited CSE induced interlukin-8 production (mRNA and protein) in a dose and time dependent manner. Extracellular H2O2 level decreased after resolvin-D1 treatment. Resolvin-D1 attenuated CSE triggered I-κB degradation and NF-κB/p65 activation dose dependently and inhibited NF-κB DNA binding activity.

CONCLUSIONResolvin-D1 inhibits CSE induced interlukin-8 and H2O2 production in 16HBE cells by modulating NF-κB activation and has therapeutic potential for pulmonary inflammation.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Docosahexaenoic Acids ; pharmacology ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Smoking ; adverse effects