Objective To determine the factors influencing the results of open reduction and internal fixation for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture (DIACF).Methods From May 2009 to June 2013, 80 patients with DIACF involving in 91 feet were treated by open reduction and internal fixation.Mean age was 38.7 years (range, 18-72 years).Patients were grouped according to the possible factors related to the operative results, including the Sanders classification of fracture, quality of fracture reduction, postoperative B(o)hler angle, width of postoperative calcaneus, and time to surgery after injury.Clinical result was evaluated and compared within each group.Results Mean duration of follow-up was 18.3 months (range, 14-26 months).The clinical results were excellent for 67 feet (74％), good for 12 feet (13％), fair for 7 feet (8％) and poor for 5 feet (5％), which yielded 87％ good to excellent results.Good to excellent results in Sanders Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups reached 94％, 85％ and 53％ respectively, in quality of fracture reduction ≤ 2 mm and ＞ 2 mm groups reached 93％ and 30％ respectively, in postoperative B(o)hler angle ＜ 15° and ≥15° groups reached 33％ and 90％ respectively;in broadening of postoperative calcaneus ＜ 1 cm and ≥ 1 cm groups reached 92％ and 17％ respectively, in time to surgery after injury ≤14 days and ＞ 14 days groups reached 91％ and 43％ respectively, in age ≤60 years old and ＞ 60 years old groups reached 85％ and 88％ respectively.Except for the age group, the clinical result differed significantly within group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Fracture type, reduction quality, postoperative B(o)hler angle, width of postoperative calcaneus, time to surgery after injury are the factors influencing on the operative results of patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture.Thereupon the unfavorable influences should be avoided to improve the operative results.

Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and bridging vein (BrV) with virtual reality (VR) technology and their clinical significances.Methods Forty-three patients with parasagittal meningioma (PSM group) and 21 patients with trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm who had no intracranial venous system diseases (normal group),admitted to our hospital from October 2011 to March 2013,were chosen.The morphological characteristics of SSS and parasagittal BrV of patients from the 2 groups were observed,which was finished in the VR workstation.The number and diameter differences of cortical veins between the 2 groups,and bilatelal side and the first,middle and third 1/3 of SSS of normal group were analyzed.Results Among the patients from the 2 groups,4 having SSS extremity with morphological variation were observed firstly.The direction of BrV entering the SSS mainly was retrograde,which concentrated in the middle and third 1/3 of SSS.There were many directions of BrV entering the SSS in the first 1/3 of SSS,and the direction mostly was perpendicular.In normal group,there were no statistical differences of number and diameter in the bilatelal cortical veins (P＞0.05); in the first,middle and third 1/3 of SSS,there was statistical difference of cortical veins number (P＜0.05),but no difference of diameter (P＞0.05).The number and diameter of cortical veins of PSM group were under the normal group,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).With the growth of PSM,violations of SSS and cortical venous gradually aggravated,affecting venous return,which resulted in increase number and complication of collateral veins.Conclusions There is certain variability of SSS and related BrV.The direction of BrV entering the SSS may be associated with intracranial venous system hemodynamic.It is clear and three-dimensional to observe SSS and cortical veins in the help of VR,and to analyze the venous circulation changes caused by PSM.

Objective: To study the toxicological effects of Nao-de-kang on rats. Methods: According to the digital table, SD rats were randomly divided into blank group and Nao-de-kang small dose group(3.85g/kg), high dose group(7.71g/kg) and maximum tolerated dose group(77.14g/kg), 20 rats in each group, half male and half female.All groups were treated for 12 weeks, and the maximum tolerated dose group was treated for 1 week.The animal activity during treatment, the blood routine indicators, blood biochemical index and the organs for pathological examination were recorded and compared. Results: There was no mortality in the dose group of rats in the experimental period.The weights of 4 groups had no statistically significant differences during treatment(F=0.688, 0.540, 0.121, 0.065, 0.128, 0.239, 0.199, 0.378, 0.127, 0.446, 0.906 and 0.665, P=0.562, 0.585, 0.886, 0.937, 0.880, 0.788, 0.820, 0.687, 0.881, 0.642, 0.410 and 0.518), male and femal′s red blood cell(RBC)(♀: F=0.178, P=0.910, ♂: F=0.119, P=0.948), hemoglobin(HGB)(♀: F=0.046, P=0.987, ♂: F=0.072, P=0.975), hematokrit(HCT)(♀: F=0.126, P=0.944, ♂: F=0.054, P=0.983), platelet(PLT)(♀: F=0.515, P=0.675, ♂: F=0.500, P=0.685), white blood cell(WBC)(♀: F=0.078, P=0.972, ♂: F=0.057, P=0.982), eosnophils(Eos)(♀: F=0.078, P=0.972, ♂: F=0.057, P=0.982), lymphocyte(Lym)(♀: F=0.078, P=0.972, ♂: F=0.057, P=0.982), neutrophilic granulocyte(Neu)(♀: F=0.134, P=0.939, ♂: F=0.090, P=0.999), alanine aminotransfease (ALT)(♀: F=0.572, P=0.637, ♂: F=0.200, P=0.896), aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(♀: F=0.572, P=0.637, ♂: F=0.200, P=0.896), total protein(TP)(♀: F=0.665, P=0.579, ♂: F=0.343, P=0.795), albumin(ALB)(♀: F=0.533, P=0.663, ♂: F=0.668, P=0.577), triglyceride(TG)(♀: F=0.843, P=0.480, ♂: F=0.561, P=0.644), cholesterol(CHOL)(♀: F=0.245, P=0.864, ♂: F=0.046, P=0.987), glucose(GLU)(♀: F=0.216, P=0.884, ♂: F=0.095, P=0.963), urea nitrogen(BUN)(♀: F=0.172, P=0.914, ♂: F=0.203, P=0.894)and creatinine(Cr)(♀: F=0.172, P=0.914, ♂: F=0.203, P=0.894) had no statistically significant differences. Conclusion Nao-de-kang has no obvious side effect.