Avian influenza virus H6N1 subtype has been circulating in aquatic bird and terrestrial bird,and is the most frequently detected subtype of influenza A virus in those hosts.Genetic analysis results suggested that this virus might be the progenitor of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus,as seven of eight gene segments of those viruses had a common source.As continuing evolution of H6N1,it could spread across species barriers to mammals and had strong infection ability in mice,swine and ferrets.Serological epidemiological survey showed that a few people were positive for H6 avian influenza virus antibody and then the world's first human infection with influenza virus H6N1 subtype was reported in May 2013.Therefore,with the expansion of the host range of the virus,gene mutation and gene reassortment of H6N1 virus can occur in these hosts,and then it may evolve into novel variant strain with infected human potential.

We innovated video assessment integrated teaching method on the basis of clinical case discussion,teaching rounds,problem-based learning,case method and micro teaching.According to this video feedback teaching,students became teaching subject and teacher acted as guide.In order to realize the purposes of early contact with clinical practice,more clinical practice and repeated clinical practice teaching,we implemented student-centered small class teaching,which was heuristic,inquisitive,interactive and was discussion-based.At the same time with the help of medical simulation equipment and video feedback teaching,this method developed students' life-long learning ability and work competence and combined theory with practice,demonstration with imitation as well as standards with innovation.This method was not only suitable for theoretical study but also for skills training,especially for standardization training.

Daiwenjiu Gao plasters were stuck onto the following two groups of acupoints,group 1 including acupoints Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) and group2 including acupoints Zhongji (CV 3), Pangguangshu (BL 28) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), to treat 100 cases of infantile enuresis, the results showed that 92 cases were cured, 6 cases got remarkable effect, 2 cases got effect, with total effective rate being 100%.

Catheter Ablation ; Cold Temperature ; Cysts ; congenital ; Humans ; Tongue ; pathology ; surgery

Objective: To investigate the spatial clustering characteristics of varicella public health emergency events in Nanjing City from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide the evidence for the development of varicella prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data of varicella public health emergency events in Nanjing City from 2017 to 2022 were collected through Emergency Public Health Management Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The software ArcGIS 10.2 was employed for trend-surface analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis and hotspot analysis to understand the spatial clustering characteristics of varicella public health emergency events. Results: A total of 84 varicella public health emergency events were reported in Nanjing City from 2017 to 2022, with an average attack rate of 2.53% (2 558 cases). Ⅳ-level events were predominant, accounting for 90.48% (76 events). The trend-surface analysis showed lower incidence of varicella public health emergency events in the west of Nanjing City and higher in the east, and lower in the north and higher in the south. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a positive spatial correlation in varicella public health emergency events in 2017 and 2019, indicating spatial clustering (P<0.05). The hot spots were Jiangning District, Gaochun District, Yuhuatai District and Jianye District. Conclusion The incidence of varicella public health emergency events in Nanjing City from 2017 to 2022 has spatial aggregation, with a concentration in suburban areas such as Jiangning District and Gaochun District.

Objective To investigate the relationship between clinical efficacy and cage subsidence,and to identify the risk factors of cage subsidence after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in treating single level lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spondylolisthesis.Methods According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria,a series of 107 patients who underwent TLIF with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage in our department were evaluated retrospectively between May 2011 and May 2014.Intervertebral space height and segmental angle were measured on the preoperative and postoperative iconography according to the metrical software.All patients were divided into cage subsidence group (cage subsidence ≥ 2 mm) and cage non-subsidence group (cage subsidence ＜ 2 mm) based on the threshold value of intervertebral space height via X-ray.The Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the potential risk factors.Results Of all 107 patients,thirty-six patients (15 males and 21 females)aged 52.61 ± 13.82 years were divided into in the cage subsidence group with an average follow-up duration 26.33±7.66 months,seventy-one patients aged 53.80± 14.94 years,28 males and 43 females in the cage non-subsidence group,were followed-up for 23.82±8.95 months.There was no significant difference between cage subsidence group and cage non-subsidence group in gender,age,course of disease and time of follow-up (P＞ 0.05).The average 2.79±0.78 mm (range 2.02-5.53 mm) subsidence was observed in cage subsidence group.The preoperative intervertebral space height,postoperative intervertebral space height,postoperative segmental angle were related to cage subsidence by univariate analysis (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative intervertebral space height [OR=1.864,95％CI(1.207,2.879) mm] was the risk factor of cage subsidence by logistic regression (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between cage subsidence group and cage non-subsidence group in ODI and VAS (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Cage subsidence is affected by the preoperative intervertebral space height,postoperative intervertebral space height,and postoperative segmental angle.Postoperative intervertebral space height is the independent risk factor of cage subsidence.Over distraction of intervertebral space height could increase the risk of cage subsidence.

OBJECTIVETo conduct a clinical trial of ketogenic diet (KD) in patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and evaluate its safety and feasibility by measuring blood ketone bodies and blood glucose levels.

METHODTen patients with acute SCI were recruited in the trial during the period from May, 2012 to October, 2013. The patients received a standard KD after fasting for 48 h. The levels of blood ketone, blood glucose and uric ketone were tested daily, and routine blood examination, electrolytes, liver and kidney function, body mass index (BMI), sensory and motor function, and adverse reactions were monitored weekly to assess the safety and feasibility of KD.

RESULTSKD treatment lasted for a mean of 12.9 days (4 to 29 days) in these patients. In all the patients, blood ketone level increased during the fasting and maintained a level above 2.0 mmol/L after taking KD, while the uric ketone level ranged from +++ to ++++. The blood glucose level was in the normal range during KD. Except for blood chloride level and BMI, routine blood test results, electrolytes, liver and kidney function showed no significant changes after KD. No significant changes were observed in the sensation of light touch and pinprick. The average motor ASIA score increased from 33.3 to 35.1 after KD. Gastrointestinal dysfunction (diarrhea, nausea, poor appetite, gastric pain, and abdominal distension) was recorded in 5 patients, hypoglycemia occurred in one patient early after KD, and one patient experienced urticaria during KD. All the adverse reactions were relieved after symptomatic treatments.

CONCLUSIONThis preliminary clinical trial demonstrated that KD could increase ketone bodies level and maintain a normal blood glucose level, suggesting its safety and feasibility in patients with acute SCI.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diet, Ketogenic ; adverse effects ; methods ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; diet therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction (, XJDHD) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) as well as the underlying mechanism of action, and to clarify the key herbs and components of XJDHD. METHODS: LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) or TNF-α/D-GalN were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6J mice to induce ALF. Simultaneously, XJDHD or its individual herbs and components were orally administered. Survival rates, transaminase levels in serum, and hepatic histology were examined to evaluate the effects of XJDHD. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction were additionally performed to expound the mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic activity of XJDHD. RESULTS: Oral administration of XJDHD protected mice from lethal liver failure induced by LPS and TNF-α, with notable amelioration of liver injury in histology and a significant decrease in transaminase levels in serum. XJDHD significantly inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes and enhanced expression of the antiapoptosis genes, c-Flip, Iap1, Gadd45b and A20. In addition, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. was identified as the key herb of XJDHD and galactose as the effective component of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. that protects against ALF. CONCLUSIONS XJDHD inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by promoting the expression of nuclear factor κ B-regulated anti-apoptotic genes. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. is the effective herb of XJDHD and galactose is an active component in this protection.