Tattooing involves the introduction of exogenous pigments and/or colorants into the dermis to produce a permanent design, which has become a common cosmetic method. However, the harmful substances in colorants and the non-standard operation of tattooing may lead to various acute and chronic complications after tattooing, which are always ignored. In this paper, the author introduced the types of tattooing colorants, the tattooing complications, and the treatments so as to provide clinical reference.

Objective:To design and develop a digital auricle reconstruction simulation training system and to evaluate the application effect of the system.Methods:Based on 3D reconstruction and 3D printing technology, a new auricle reconstruction simulation training system was designed and developed from September 2019 to December 2021. Thirty-six basic volunteers (including 15 males and 21 females, aged from 22 to 27 years, with mean 23.1 years) without auricle reconstruction (surgical clinical standardized training students) were selected and divided into two groups (experimental group and control group) for clinical teaching experiment, and the teaching effect of simulation system was preliminarily evaluated.Results:Theoretical test scores before and after the intervention in the experimental group were 8.00 (4.75, 11.25) compared to 16.50 (13.00, 19.25) , P<0.001; design test scores were 2.00 (0, 4.25) compared to 7.00 (6.00, 10.00), P<0.001. In the control group, theoretical test scores before and after the intervention were 5.50 (3.75, 12.25) compared to 11.00 (9.50, 16.25), P<0.001; design test scores were 1.00 (1.00, 2.25) compared to 5.00 (3.75, 6.00), P<0.001. The improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group was significantly more pronounced with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001). Conclusions:This system can assist teachers in teaching more systematically in auricle reconstruction training with autologous costal cartilage, and the teaching effect is better.

Tattooing involves the introduction of exogenous pigments and/or colorants into the dermis to produce a permanent design, which has become a common cosmetic method. However, the harmful substances in colorants and the non-standard operation of tattooing may lead to various acute and chronic complications after tattooing, which are always ignored. In this paper, the author introduced the types of tattooing colorants, the tattooing complications, and the treatments so as to provide clinical reference.