The paper reviews the basic mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation, the kinds of photocatalyst, the characteristics of TiO2 and the commonly used carriers of TiO 2 photocatalytic oxidation in water treatment, the degradation of organic pollutants in water by photocatalytic oxidation and the applications of this new technique in tap water purification. The photocatalytic oxidation as a new technique of environmental protection is being much con-cerned widely.

Objective To discuss the management and feasibility of sacral block anesthesia in pediatric interventional therapy. Methods A total of 80 pediatric patients were randomly and equally divided into two groups. Patients in group A received sacral block anesthesia together with basic anesthesia with propofol, while patients in group B received intravenous anesthesia with propofol. Small amount of ketamine as maintaining dose was used in both groups when needed. Results The interventional management was successfully completed in all patients. A marked decrease in blood pressure occurred in three patients of group A receiving sacral block anesthesia. In group B receiving intravenous anesthesia, a decrease, of SpO_2 to below 90 percent was seen in 8 cases, and obvious bradycardia developed in 12 cases. All these patients were treated with intravenous medication or by reducing the dose of propnfol. Additional small dose of ketamine was needed in 4 patients during the procedure. Conclusion Sacral block anesthesia combined with intravenous anesthesia is one of the effective anesthesia management schemes for pediatric interventional therapy.

Objective To study endocrine disruptor chemicals causing malformed frogs in an irrigation canal in T city and a pool in CH city. Methods Water samples collected from an irrigation canal in T city and a pool in CH city where malformed frogs were found were concentrated through H103 resin. The concentrated samples were purified and derivated. The endocrine disruptor chemicals in the derivatives were determined by GC/MS and the estrogenic activities in concentrated water samples were assessed by the recombinant yeast estrogen system (RYES). Results Endocrine disruptor chemicals bisphenol_A (5.6?10-3～1.52 ?g/L) and nonylphenol (0.46～0.58 ?g/L) were found in the concentrated water samples of the irrigation canal in T city and the pool in CH city. RYES showed that the estrogenic activities were positive and this result accorded with the data given by GC/MS. Conclusion The results indicated that the cause resulted in malformation of frogs in the irrigation canal in T city and the pool in CH city might be related to endocrine disruptor chemicals.

Objective To establish the recombinant yeast estrogen system(RYES),a reporter vector controlled by estro-gen response elements(ERE)in yeast was constructed.Methods pLacZi-1RER was obtained first by inserting an ERE which was synthesized artificially into the yeast reporter vector pLacZi which had already been lined by SalI and the terminal dephos-phorized by CIAP.Then,pLacZi-zERE.was obtained by inserting another ERE into the XhoI site nearby the ERE in pLacZi-1ERE.Results Sequence analysis indicated that the yeast reporter vector controlled by two tandem copies of ERE was con-structed successfully.Conclusion The yeast reporter vector controlled by ERE,pLacZi-2ERE,was constructed successfully,which was the very important groundwork for further establishment of the recombinant yeast estrogen system(RYES).

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of moxibustion with medicine cake on mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2,9 (MMP-2，MMP-9)in artherosclerosis (AS) plaques of rabbits, and to explore the effect of moxibustion with medicine cake to the stability of artherosclerosis plaques of rabbits.MethodsAS rabbit models were established by feeding high-fat diet. 75 New Zealand big-eared rabbits were divided into 5 groups, blank group (blank control group), model group (AS model group), direct moxibustion group (AS model + moxa cone direct moxibustion), moxibustion on medicine cake group (AS model + moxibustion on medicine cake), western medicine group (AS model + atorvastatin), 15 rabbits in each group. Then the mRNA expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 was detected in the atherosclerotic plaques of rabbits with in situ hybridization.ResultsThe expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 in the atherosclerotic plaques of rabbits were all be controlled in direct moxibustion group, moxibustion on medicine cake group, western medicine group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the moxibustion on medicine cake group and western medicine group were obviously lower than those of the direct moxibustion group.ConclusionThe expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 in the atherosclerotic plaques of rabbits can all be controlled in direct moxibustion group, moxibustion on medicine cake group, and western medicine group; as well as the plaques can all be made stable. The efficacy in the moxibustion on medicine cake group and western medicine group is superior to that of the direct moxibustion group.

Objective:To compare the clinical results of different endovascular thrombus reduction techniques in the treatment of acute lower extremity arterial thrombosis.Methods:The clinical data of 96 consecutive patients with acute femoral popliteal arterial thrombosis who were treated with catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) and mechanical thrombus aspiration system (PMT) between Jan 2016 and Dec 2018 at Cangzhou People's Hospital and Peking University People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Ninty-six patients underwent thrombolytic surgery,including 36 with CDT thrombolysis, 28 with AngioJet aspiration alone and 32 with Rotarex aspiration alone. Angiojet thrombus aspiration reduced thrombus rate by 89.3% (25/28) and clinical success rate by 92.8% (26/28).The thrombus reduction rate of Rotarex group was 87.5% (28/32), and the clinical success rate was 96.8% (31/32). In the CDT thrombolytic group, the thrombolytic reduction rate was 61.1% (22/36), including 8 patients who underwent thrombectomy and 6 patients with PMT, with a clinical success rate of 86.1% (31/36). The rate of distal arterial embolization, puncture point and local subcutaneous hematoma and vascular rupture was 21.4%, 10.7% and 2.1%, respectively. There were no amputation cases reported during a mean 13 months follow-up.The survival rate was 97.9%. The first-stage patency rate of 67.8%, while the second-stage artery patency rate of 85.7% during the follow-up.Conclusion:Compared with CDT, PMT has higher efficiency and lower complication rate in the treatment of acute lower extremity arterial thrombosis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of suspected myopia among students and to examine the relationship between time spent on physical exercise,sleep,homework and suspected myopia.Methods A total of 8 030 primary and secondary school students from 4th to 12th grades were selected from the National Student Constitution and Health Survey (NSCHS) in Anhui province in 2014.Time spent on exercise,sleep and homework per day were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire.Visual acuity was examined using the Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart.Results The overall prevalence of suspected myopia was 69.03％.Prevalence rates of suspected myopia appeared higher in girls,in urban students,with the highest in the 16 to 18 year-old groups.Results from the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the amount of time spent on physical exercise,sleep and homework per day were all significantly associated with suspected myopia.Suspected myopia was associated with longer time on physical exercise among students aged 8 to 12 years (OR=0.80,95％CI:0.64-0.99),and longer sleep time among students in the age groups of 13 to 15 years and 16 to 18 years (OR=0.73,95％CI:0.56-0.94;OR=0.38,95％CI:0.21-0.68,respectively).Longer time spent on homework significantly increased the risk of suspected myopia among students in the age groups of 8 to 12 years and 13 to 15 years (OR=1.41,95％CI:1.11-1.79;OR=1.74,95％ CI:1.36-2.23,respectively).Conclusion Suspected myopia appeared common among students.Comprehensive intervention programs focusing on sufficient physical exercise and sleep but less homework might help to prevent myopia among students at different ages.

Background/Aims: Four-week treatment of linvencorvir (RO7049389) was generally safe and well tolerated, and showed anti-viral activity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of 48-week treatment with linvencorvir plus standard of care (SoC) in CHB patients. Methods: This was a multicentre, non-randomized, non-controlled, open-label phase 2 study enrolling three cohorts: nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC)-suppressed patients received linvencorvir plus NUC (Cohort A, n=32); treatment-naïve patients received linvencorvir plus NUC without (Cohort B, n=10) or with (Cohort C, n=30) pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFN-α). Treatment duration was 48 weeks, followed by NUC alone for 24 weeks. Results: 68 patients completed the study. No patient achieved functional cure (sustained HBsAg loss and unquantifiable HBV DNA). By Week 48, 89% of treatment-naïve patients (10/10 Cohort B; 24/28 Cohort C) reached unquantifiable HBV DNA. Unquantifiable HBV RNA was achieved in 92% of patients with quantifiable baseline HBV RNA (14/15 Cohort A, 8/8 Cohort B, 22/25 Cohort C) at Week 48 along with partially sustained HBV RNA responses in treatment-naïve patients during follow-up period. Pronounced reductions in HBeAg and HBcrAg were observed in treatment-naïve patients, while HBsAg decline was only observed in Cohort C. Most adverse events were grade 1–2, and no linvencorvir-related serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions 48-week linvencorvir plus SoC was generally safe and well tolerated, and resulted in potent HBV DNA and RNA suppression. However, 48-week linvencorvir plus NUC with or without Peg-IFN did not result in the achievement of functional cure in any patient.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction (, XJDHD) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) as well as the underlying mechanism of action, and to clarify the key herbs and components of XJDHD. METHODS: LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) or TNF-α/D-GalN were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6J mice to induce ALF. Simultaneously, XJDHD or its individual herbs and components were orally administered. Survival rates, transaminase levels in serum, and hepatic histology were examined to evaluate the effects of XJDHD. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction were additionally performed to expound the mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic activity of XJDHD. RESULTS: Oral administration of XJDHD protected mice from lethal liver failure induced by LPS and TNF-α, with notable amelioration of liver injury in histology and a significant decrease in transaminase levels in serum. XJDHD significantly inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes and enhanced expression of the antiapoptosis genes, c-Flip, Iap1, Gadd45b and A20. In addition, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. was identified as the key herb of XJDHD and galactose as the effective component of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. that protects against ALF. CONCLUSIONS XJDHD inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by promoting the expression of nuclear factor κ B-regulated anti-apoptotic genes. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. is the effective herb of XJDHD and galactose is an active component in this protection.