To address the role of Pr1 gene in the process of Hirsutella sinensis infecting Hepialus gonggaensis, differential expression of subtilisin-like protease gene was detected. In the present study, Pr1 gene analogues from H. sinensis were obtained by PCR strategy using specific primers designed from conserved regions of Pr1 gene reported in the GenBank. Then we detected the changes in the expression of Pr1 gene before and after infecting H. gonggaensis using real-time quantitative PCR. We obtained the partial sequence of Pr1 gene with the length of 535 bp (GenBank accession: KC009680). Real-time PCR results showed that the expression level of Pr1 gene was significantly different among 8 samples (P < 0.01). Pr1 gene showed the obvious higher expression level (2-3 folds) after infecting the H. gonggaensis, suggesting that the Pr1 gene may play an important role in the process of H. sinensis infecting H. gonggaensis. The present study paves a way for further identification on infectivity assessment of H. sinensis.

Aim To establish and evaluate the simple and effective animal model of rheumatoid arthritis in SD rats induced by heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra(Mtb).Methods SD rats were immunized s.c.at the base of the tail with Mtb(1 mg/rat) in mineral oil,and then body weight,blood routine,clinical signs of arthritis were observed regularly.And also hind paw volume in SD rats with AA was tested.Meanwhile,T-lymphocyte subset was determined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood,the level of TNF-?in serum and IL-1 and IL-6 and vascular endothe-lial growth factor(VEGF) in joint tissue were tested by ELISA.The ankle pathological change and radiographic evidence of the hind paws of SD rats were observed to evaluate the AA model effects and availability in SD rats.Results When compared with normal control rats,the total number of white blood cells,platelets and monocytes in peripheral blood and ratio of CD4/CD8 was markedly raised after immunization with Mtb.But body weight of model rats was significantly low from day 14 to 28 after injection of Mtb.The inflammatory arthritic lesions such as edema and erythema in the paws appeared after 9～10 d.The peak of inflammation was 14～16 d.The level of TNF-?in serum and IL-1,IL-6 and VEGF in joint tissue was significantly higher in SD rats with Mtb than that in normal control rats at d 28.The histopathological examination revealed cellular infiltration,synovial and cartilage hyperplasia in ankle joints of SD rats.Conclusions The model induced by Mtb in SD rats is more similar in clinical characterization of rheumatoid arthritis in human being.It is a more efficient and simpler manipulative procedure for screening of new anti-arthritis drugs and experimental studying of anti-rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To study the expressions of mitochondrial protein (MAB1273), Bcl-2, and Bax in renal cell carcinoma and to investigate their role in the tumorigenesis. Methods: The expressions of mitochondrial protein, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method in 9 tissue samples of renal on-cocytoma, 6 samples of chromophobe carcinoma, 23 samples of clear cell carcinoma and 12 samples of normal renal tissue. Results: The expression of MAB1273 in renal oncocytoma, chromophobe carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma was much higher than that in normal renal tissue (P=0.006). No significant difference was found in MAB1273 expression among the three types of renal carcinoma. The expression of Bcl-2 was higher in the renal carcinoma groups than in the normal renal tissue group, with a significant difference (P=0.008). The expression of Bax was not different among all of the groups (P=0.057). Rank correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between MAB1273 and Bcl-2 expression (r=0.341, P=0.015). The expression of Bcl-2 was negatively correlated with Bax expression (r= -0.287, P=0.043). Conclusion: Overexpression of mitochondrial protein and Bcl-2 and underexpression of Bax may play a part in the genesis of renal oncocytoma, chromophobe carcinoma and the clear cell carcinoma, indicating that overexpression of MAB1273 may be correlated with apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma cells.

Hirudo nipponica Whitman,a Chinese medicine which has a strong effect on platelet aggregation and antithrombin activity,is involved in the studies.The current situation is adverse to the cultivation,development and utilization of H.nipponica.Prior to summarizing the current research status and the unresolved problems and the prospective of H.nipponica,domestic and foreign literatures over the H.nipponica was discussed and judged,aiming at providing a reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of H.nipponica.

To employ multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to classify the types of virus in 128 patients of community-acquired pneumonia and analyze the relationship between type of virus,age and seasons.The positive rate of viral pneumonia was 34.4％ (44/128).In 44 virus positive patients,the rates of influenza A virus,rhinovirus,adenovirus,parainfluenza type 1,human metapneumovirus virus,influenza B virus,parainfluenza type 2,parainfluenza type 3 and enterovirus were 22.7％ (10/44),15.9％ (7/44),15.9％ (7/44),9.1％ (4/44),9.1％ (4/44)6.8％ (3/44),2.3％ (1/44),2.3％ (1/44) and 2.3％ (1/44) respectively.And other 6(13.6％) patients were at least infected by one virus.The viral pneumonia had a high positive rate in spring and winter.And the age group of 20 to 29 years had a high positive rate.The major pathogen contributing to adult community-acquired pneumonia in Yantai were influenza A virus,rhinovirus and adenovirus.

Acupoint compatibility is a basic element for acupuncture prescription and an important link for clinical acupuncture workers to obtain a therapeutic effect. Studying factors influencing the effect of acupoint combination and ascertaining its concept and connotation are of important significance for studying the mechanism of acupuncture action. By sorting out, summing up and analyzing relevant modern literature, it is found that factors influencing the effect of acupoint combination are those affecting the therapeutic effects of combination of two or more than two acupoints. Its contents include five aspects: combination mode, combination effect, stimulation method, time factor and body status. Analysis and induction show that acupoint selection is the primary task in studying factors influencing the effect of acupoint combination.

Primary insomnia (PI) is now a nonorganic sleep disorder that seriously affects the quality of life of people around the world and attracts the attention of medical circles at home and abroad. Western medicine treatment has side effects such as drug dependence and withdrawal rebound and cannot obviously improve the quality of sleep and life, while acupuncture has a good therapeutic effect on PI. This article explores the latest research status of acupuncture treatment for PI. Chinese Journal Net (CNKI, VIP and Wanfang) was mainly searched to retrieve and sum up recent five years’ literature about the study of acupuncture treatment for PI. The results show that acupuncture has an advantage in producing a short-term marked therapeutic effect on PI and being of a high total efficacy rate and can effectively treat primary insomnia.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with open injuries combined with infections in Chinese Wenchuan earthquake and summarize the therapeutic experience. Methods An analysis was done on 54 patients with open injuries combined with infection transferred to our depart-ment from May 13, 2008 to June 10, 2008. Thorough debridement was performed based on general sup-porting management and anti-bacterial thempies done on the basis of results of bacteria culture and sus-ceptibility test. In the meantime, other managements including high-pressure oxygen therapy and external fixation were done for open fractures. Results Infection could be found in all open injuries, primarily combined infections with G+ coccus and G- bacillus or anaerobic. Moreover, most of the patients were infected by anaerobia. Of all, 1 patient with amputation received multiple debridement and repair because of severe infection of the amputation site and no death occurred. All patients recovered uneventfully, with sound wound healing, except for 2 patients. External fixation was stable and in good position. Conclu-sions The repeated and thorough debridement and the timely closure of wounds on the basis of energeti-cally anti-infection measures are key to diminishing the mortality rate and mutilation rate. Appropriate ad-junctive therapy can dramatically improve the curative effect.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the electrogastrogram and gastric antrum ghrelin in rats with diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into group A, group B, group C, group D and group E, 10 rats in each group. Group A was the blank control group without intervention. Group B, Group C, Group D and Group E were treated with single dose intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin (STZ), combined with 8-week high glucose and high fat diet to establish DGP rat models. Group B was the model group without treatment. Group C was the EA at acupoint group, was treated with EA at Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). Group D was the EA at non-acupoint group, was treated by EA at the control points of Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). Rats in the metoclopramide control group received 1.7% metoclopramide solution [10 mL/(kg·bw)] by gavage. Rat's blood glucose level was measured by blood glucose meter; gastric emptying rate was detected using phenol red as a marker; the electrogastrogram was detected by BL-420F biological function system; the protein level of ghrelin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expression of ghrelin mRNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Compared with group A, the blood glucose of group B, C, D and E were significantly increased before and after the treatment (all P<0.01); after treatment, the gastric emptying rate of group B was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the migration rates of small intestine in group B, C, D and E were significantly lower (all P<0.01), and the protein content of ghrelin in group C was significantly decreased (P<0.01); the expressions of ghrelin mRNA were significantly increased in group B, C, D and E (all P<0.01), the mean amplitudes of electrogastrogram in group B and D were significantly decreased (both P<0.01). After treatment, compared with group B, the blood glucose of group C was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the gastric emptying rate and small intestine migration rate were significantly increased in group C and E (P<0.05, P<0.01), the small intestinal migration rate was significantly increased in group D (P<0.05), the expression of ghrelin in protein and mRNA in group C was significantly lower (P<0.01), the expression of ghrelin mRNA in group E was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the mean amplitude of electrogastrogram in group C was significantly increased (P<0.05). After treatment, compared with group D, the protein and mRNA expressions of ghrelin in group C were significantly decreased (P<0.01). After treatment, compared with group E, the protein expression of ghrelin in group C was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: EA at Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) could regulate the blood glucose level of DGP model rats, enhance electrogastrogram activity, promote gastric emptying, and regulate ghrelin expression in protein and mRNA.

Objective To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics and the clinical advantage of transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate(TARP)Ⅲ.Methods Design of TARP-Ⅲ was based on TARP-Ⅱ.The screw hole in the axis was moved 1-2 mm upwards and inwards in a plate which turned a vertebral screw into a pedicle screw or an articular process screw.A polyaxial self-lock ring and polyaxial guiding drill were added to the crew hole of the plate.Finally,the withdrawal resist ence force of the three axis screws was tested and TARP-Ⅲ was used in 44 patients with complicated irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation.The axis was fixed with the pedicle screw or the articular process screw.Results The maximum withdrawal resist ence force of the anterior pedicle screw,the articular process screw and the vertebral screw in the axis was(593.1 ± 97.8)N,(469.9 ± 73.3)N and(395.2 ± 75.1)N respectively,with statistical difference between groups among three fixation methods(P ＜ 0.05).All 44 patients were followed up for 5-38 months(average 18 months),which showed complete anatomic reduction in 36 patients and appropriate anatomic reduction in eight,with basic correction of the angles between the brain stem and the spinal cord and sufficient decompression of the spinal cord.The decompression rate of the cervical spinal cord was average 88.2% according to the Yin evaluating method of cervical cord decompression.The improvement rate of spinal cord function was average 76.6% according to Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score.Conclusion With the design of polyaxial self-lock mechanism,TARP-Ⅲ with the pedicle screw or the articular process screw surpasses TARP-Ⅱ with vertebral screw in aspect of biomechanics.