Objective:To explore the effect of teach-back health education in postoperative rehabilitation exercise of patients after tibial plateau fractures surgery.Methods:From January 2019 to January 2020, 100 postoperative patients with tibial plateau fractures admitted to the Affiliated Huaian First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were selected by convenience sampling as the research object. According to the random number table method, the patients were randomly divided into the control group ( n=50) and the observation group ( n=50) . The control group was given routine nursing such as handbook distribution, intensive lectures, special guidance on rehabilitation exercise, psychological intervention, and diet management, while the observation group was given the teach-back health education. During the 6-month follow-up, the rehabilitation exercise self-efficacy, rehabilitation exercise compliance, and knee joint function were compared between the two groups. Results:After intervention, the total scores of coping self-efficacy, task self-efficacy and rehabilitation self-efficacy of patients after tibial plateau fracture in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05) . The total scores of physical exercise compliance, active seeking advice compliance, exercise supervision compliance, and rehabilitation exercise compliance of patients in the observation group after tibial plateau fracture were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05) . The knee joint function score of New York Cornell University Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and tibial plateau posterior slope angle of patients in the observation group after tibial plateau fracture surgery were higher than those in the control group, and the tibial plateau varus angle was lower than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The teach-back health education is helpful to promote the development of rehabilitation self-efficacy in patients after tibial plateau fracture surgery, enhance rehabilitation exercise compliance, and improve joint function.