Adolescent ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endometriosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; pathology ; Melanosis ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; complications ; Peritoneal Diseases ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Teratoma ; complications

The aim of this study was to establish and optimize two-dimensional electrophoresis method for human bone marrow leukemia cells in order to obtain the profiles with high resolution and reproducibility. The total protein was extracted and separated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The gels were stained with silver nitrate or Coomassie brilliant blue, and then scanned and analyzed with PDQuest 7.4 analysis software. The effects of different protein preparation methods and electrophoresis conditions on the profiles were compared. The results indicated that by optimizing preparation of protein sample and electrophoresis protocols, clear profiles with 780 +/- 73 well separated protein spots on an average were obtained and the match rate was 82 +/- 5% between reproducible gels from leukemia cells of different sub-type. It is concluded that the two-dimensional electrophoresis method of proteome from human bone marrow leukemia cells is established successfully and is suitable for the further comparative proteomic research between leukemia of different types.
Bone Marrow Cells ; chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; methods ; Humans ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; Proteome ; analysis

The aim of this study was to explore the distinct protein profiles of different subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including M(1), M(2), M(3) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) by differential proteomic expression analysis. The proteins of bone marrow leukemia cells from AML and ALL patients were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). 2-DE patterns were analyzed by PDQuest 7.4 software and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and bioinformatics. The results indicated that 21 differentially expressed proteins were found by 2-DE and 15 were identified by MS to be significantly differentially expressed. In AML, seven proteins were highly expressed such as MPO, PRDX3, CALR and ECH1 and so on, and eight proteins were highly expressed in ALL, including ARHGDIB, PFN1 and ACTG1 and so on. It is concluded that the distinct protein profiles between AML and ALL have been proved. It may be helpful for the identification of new targets for specific treatment approaches and the molecular markers for the early diagnosis of leukemia.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; metabolism ; Peptide Mapping ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; Proteome ; Proteomics

The aim of this paper was to observe the effect of Realgar and arsenic trioxide on gut microbiota. The mice were divided into low-dose Realgar group(RL), medium-dose Realgar group(RM), high-dose Realgar group(RH), and arsenic trioxide group(ATO), in which ATO and RL groups had the same trivalent arsenic content. Realgar and arsenic trioxide toxicity models were established after intragastric administration for 1 week, and mice feces were collected 1 h after intragastric administration on day 8. The effects of Realgar on gut microbiota of mice were observed through bacterial 16 S rRNA gene sequences. The results showed that Lactobacillus was decreased in all groups, while Ruminococcus and Adlercreutzia were increased. The RL group and ATO group were consistent in the genera of Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Adlercreutzia but different in the genera of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides. Therefore, the effects of Realgar and arsenic trioxide with the same amount of trivalent arsenic on gut microbiota were similar, but differences were still present. Protective bacteria such as Lactobacillus were reduced after Realgar administration, causing inflammation. At low doses, the number of anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Adlercreutzia and Parabacteroides increased, which can offset the slight inflammation caused by the imbalance of bacterial flora. At high doses, the flora was disturbed and the number of Proteobacteria was increased, with aggravated intestinal inflammation, causing edema and other inflammatory reactions. Based on this, authors believe that the gastrointestinal reactions after clinical use of Realgar may be related to flora disorder. Realgar should be used at a small dose in combination with other drugs to reduce intestinal inflammation.
Animals ; Arsenic Trioxide/pharmacology* ; Arsenicals/pharmacology* ; Bacteria/drug effects* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Mice ; Sulfides/pharmacology*

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province. METHODS: We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed. RESULTS: The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α ^3.7/αα (50.23%) and β ^IVS-II-654/β ^N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Hemoglobinopathies/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing