Objective To investigate the application of OSCE evaluation system on the medical skills examination of clinical medical students and the significance of this system on the training of their medical skills.Methods 20 teachers examed 150 students by the OSCE evaluation system with 4 test stations,by comparing the score of the students of different test stations by one-way ANOVA and evaluating the system by questionnaire survey with Likert 5 on the degree of satisfaction and Likert 3 on effects and intrinsic influencing factors of the system.Results The score of the first and forth test stations was lower than that in the other stations(P＜0.05).8/5.48％ students and 1/5％ teachers were not satisfied with the system.The OSCE evaluation system could exam the psychological diathesis,ability of communication,cooperation,and clinical thinking,practical skill of the students and its effects are moderate (the score was more than 2.0).Evaluation on the intrinsic influencing factors:Students considered the questions were more difficulty in the 2nd,3rd,1st,4th test stations order.4/20％ teachers considered the questions of the second test station was easy.8/40％ teachers considered the duration of the second test station was too long.More than 70％ students and teachers considered the other indexes were rational.Conclusion The OSCE evaluation system can play an effective role in directing the teaching and learning.It can also help to culture the comprehensive capacity of the students.We should gradually improve the design of the system by considering the intrinsic influencing factors.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) to the proliferation and differentiation of cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of rats.

METHODSThe SD rats (age 6 weeks) were sacrified, and the bone marrow stromal cells as the adherent stromal cell population were separated from the bone marrow culcure. The proliferation curves of bone marrow stromal cells which were conditioned cultured with four kind of different concentrations of osteogenic growth peptide were measured with the MTT method, and the osteogenesis markers including alkaline phosphatase and calcic deposition detected by histochemical staining.

RESULTSOsteogenic growth peptide at the concentration of 10(-10), 10(-11) mol/L promoted the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells, while at the concentrations of 10(-8), 10(-9) mol/L suppressed the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells. However,osteogenic growth peptide at the concentration of 10(-9), 10(-8) mol/L advanced the ratio of positive cells in alkaline phosphatase histochemical staining.

CONCLUSIONOsteogenic growth peptide shows distinct effects on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells depending on its concentration. Osteogenic growth peptide at the concentration of 10(-8), 10(-9) mol/L can promote bone marrow stromal cell differentiation to the osteogenic in vitro.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; drug effects ; enzymology ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Histones ; pharmacology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; pharmacology ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stromal Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; physiology

Previous methods used for nuclear transplantation were further investigated to develop a method that was both easy to carryout and did not require any special apparatus, such as Piezoimpact or Spindle-View. Following the puncture of zona pellucida with two holes by injection pipette that contained donor nuclei or cells, the injection pipette was pulled back to the perivitelline space while the negative pressure was increased in the holding pipette until the polar body and karyoplasm were wiped off completely. Then a reconstructed embryo was completed by the direct injection of the donor nucleus or cell without pulling out the injection pipette. 200 oocytes were manipulated using this method and it cost about 40 seconds with nucleus injection and about 30 seconds with cell injection to complete a reconstructed embryo. The success rates were 62.6% and 86. 0%, respectively, and enucleation rate was about 73.3% validated by Hoechst 33342. Using this method, the nucleus was completely eliminated and another was injected using the microscope and micromanipulator. Moreover, the efficiency of nuclear transplantation and survival rate of reconstructed embryos were greatly improved. Furthermore, it is very easy to manipulate and popularize in practice.
Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Organism ; methods ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Zona Pellucida ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo study the correlation between the etiology and clinical features of erythroderma.MethodsThe clinical data on 182 patients with erythroderma were retrospectively collected and analyzed.ResultsThe male-to-female ratio was 2.8 ∶ 1 and the average age at onset was 58.6 ± 14.6 years.Of the 182 cases,135 (74.2％) were due to pre-existing dermatoses,14 (7.7％) to drug reaction,8 (4.4％) to malignancies,while 25(13.7％) had no obvious precipitating factors.The most frequent triggering factor was systemic consumption of drugs(52 patients,28.6％ ),and glucocorticosteroid was the most prevalent causative drug.Seventy-six patients were followed up,recurrence was observed in 14 patients but not in 58 patients,and 5 patients died,2 patients with idiopathic erythroderma were finally diagnosed with mycosis fungoides (MF)after multiple skin biopsies.ConclusionsPre-existing dermatoses are the most frequent cause of erythroderma.Idiopathic erythroderma is liable to relapse,possibly associated with malignancies,and should be closely followed up.

OBJECTIVETo clone and identify the proteins involved in regulating the transcription of hTERT and study the role of genes in both hTERT transcription and telomerase activity.

METHODSThe full cDNA of COUP-TFII was cloned from HeLa cDNA library by hTERT promoter-based yeast one-hybrid assay and then in-frame inserted into His-tag fusion expression vector pEK318. The His-tag COUP-TFII fusion proteins were purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. The interaction of COUP-TFII with hTERT promoter in vitro was identified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Footprint. The role of COUP-TFII in both hTERT transcription and telomerase activity were probed through Luciferase reporter assay, Northern blot, and TRAP-PCR ELISA.

RESULTSCOUP-TFII could firmly bind to the downstream E-box and the other two binding sites in hTERT promoter. Luciferase reporter assay indicated COUP-TFII could suppress hTERT promoter activity and stable introduction of COUP-TFII into HeLa cells also decreased both endogenous hTERT transcription and telomerase activity.

CONCLUSIONThe human COUP-TFII can firmly bind to hTERT promoter, and inhibit telomerase activity through decreasing hTERT transcription. It will greatly facilitate understanding of telomerase regulation in normal and cancer cells.

COUP Transcription Factor II ; COUP Transcription Factors ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; pharmacology ; E-Box Elements ; genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Steroid ; genetics ; Telomerase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Yeasts ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo establish a multiplex RT-PCR-based reverse dot blot hybridization technique to detect influenza viruses.

METHODSObtain the HA nucleotide sequences of seasonal influenza H1N1, seasonal influenza H3N2, influenza H1N1 and human avian influenza H5N1 from GenBank. Design primers in conservative district and probes t in high variable region respectively, after analyzing the HA nucleotide sequences of influenza virus through the Vector NTI 9.0. Establish and optimize multiple RT-PCR system by comparing amplification efficiency and specificity at different primer concentrations. Establish the reverse dot hybridization system after optimizing the concentration of probes. To compare the sensitivity and specificity of this technique and the general RT-PCR Method through extracting the viral RNA of the mentioned influenza virus which are to be the reference substance.

RESULTSSuccessfully establish a multiplex RT-PCR-based reverse dot blot hybridization technique for detecting influenza viruses. This technique is 100-1000 times more sensitive than gel electrophoresis method, and it has a good specificity.

CONCLUSIONSuccessfully established multiplex RT-PCR-based reverse dot blot hybridization technique for detecting influenza viruses.

Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; diagnosis ; virology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the classification of alar base depression, so as to provide the reference for the surgical management of secondary nasal deformity of unilateral cleft lip.

METHODSFrom Jul. 2008 to Feb. 2009, 26 cases with secondary deformity of unilateral cleft lip were treated. All the patients underwent 3-dimensional CT for maxillary measurement. The nasal soft tissue measurement was performed pre- and post-operatively. The relationship between the maxillary and soft tissue at alar base was analyzed. The nasal deformity was classified.

RESULTSThe location of alar base was not related to the form of piriform aperture, but the bony defect at the alar base was correlated to the patient satisfactory. The nasal deformity was graded as I when the depression at alar base was less than 4.5 mm in depth, as II when it was 4.5-5.0 mm in depth, and as III when it was more than 5 mm in depth. The deformity could be corrected with only soft tissue plasty for grade I, with soft tissue plasty or artificial implants for grade II, with combined bone autograft or alveolar cleft repair for grade III.

CONCLUSIONSThe depression at maxillary does not necessarily result in alar base depression. The alar base can be adjust to proper position through operation. The operation should be designed based on the preoperative nasal measurement.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nose ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Rhinoplasty ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of intensive antiplatelet therapy for patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) after coronary stent implantation.

METHODSBetween March 2009 and February 2011, a total of 3316 consecutive acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing drug-eluting stent implanting from 3 hospitals were enrolled. Among them, 840 patients (25.3%) were identified as HPR (defined as 20 µmol/L adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation of ≥ 55% at 24 hours after administration of 300 mg clopidogrel loading dose and 300 mg aspirin). The HPR patients were randomly assigned to receive standard (aspirin 300 mg/d and clopidogrel 75 mg/d, n = 280) or intensified (n = 560) antiplatelet therapy by the ratio of 1:2. Patients in the intensive group were initially treated with a double maintenance dose of clopidogrel (150 mg/d) and aspirin (300 mg/d). After 3 days, patients with unsolved HPR received additional cilostazol treatment (50 - 100 mg, bid). The reversion rate of HPR and clinical events were observed.

RESULTSIn the intensive group, HPR reversed in 304 out of 560 patients (54.3%) at 3 days post therapy and the remaining 256 patients with HPR were treated with additional cilostazol regimen for another 3 days and the total reversion rate of HPR was 81.1% (454/560). The reversion rate of HPR at 30 days in the intensified group was significantly higher than that of the standard group (69.9% vs. 55.7%, P = 0.000). At 30 days after percutaneous coronary intervention, 1 patient suffered from subacute stent thrombosis (0.2%) in intensified group and no stent thrombosis was observed in standard group (P = 1.000). There were no death, major or minor bleeding in both two groups. Minimal bleeding was also similar in the two groups (intensive: 4.28% vs. standard: 2.14%, P = 0.166).

CONCLUSIONSThe intensified antiplatelet therapy regimens could significantly increase the reversion rate of HPR in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing coronary stenting without increasing the risk of bleeding. The clinic impact of this strategy needs to be elucidated by long term follow-up outcome studies.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aspirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Tetrazoles ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Ticlopidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo make preliminary study on the chemical foundation of hematopoietic effect of si-wu-tang.

METHODSi-wu-tang was fractionated by using precipitation method with ethanol and liquid-liquid extraction. Activity was investigated on radiated mice as model of blood deficiency.

RESULTAt first si-wu-tang was separated into three fractions, fraction A, B and C. Activity study showed that fraction B and C could raise the amount of peripheral white blood cell in radiated mice. Then fraction B and C were respectively further separated into fraction B1, B2, B3 and fraction C1, C2, C3. Activity study showed that fraction C2, C3 and B3 could raise the amount of peripheral white blood cell in radiated mice. Furthermore, effect of fraction C1, C2, C3, B and paeoniflorin on hematopoietic progenitor cell in bone marrow of radiated mice were investigated. Fraction C2, C3, B and paeoniflorin could promote the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cell in bone marrow of radiated mice.

CONCLUSIONFraction C2, C3, B and paeoniflorin are responsible for hematopoietic activity of si-wu-tang.

Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Benzoates ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; radiation effects ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Glucosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Leukocyte Count ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monoterpenes ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Rehmannia ; chemistry ; Whole-Body Irradiation

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the correlation between polymorphism of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) Asp327Asn (rs6259) locus and occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODS621 cases with HCC and 621 cancer-free controls from two hospitals of Guangxi were recruited from January, 2007 to June, 2010. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of SHBG Asp327Asn were detected by ABI7500 Fast Real-Time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was applied to analyze risk of HCC among different genotypes carriers and their interaction with the exposure factors. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to detect the relationship between onset age of HCC and genotypes.

RESULTSThe frequencies of Asp/Asp, Asp/Asn and Asn/Asn genotype in case group were 86.31% (536/621), 12.40% (77/621) and 1.29% (8/621), respectively; while those in control group were 81.00% (503/621), 17.39% (108/621) and 1.61% (10/621), respectively. Significant difference in the genotype frequencies distribution was found between case and control groups (χ2=6.465, P<0.05). Compared with those harboring Asp/Asp genotype, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the HCC risk of Asn/Asn+Asp/Asn genotype carriers was significantly decreased (adjusted OR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.40-0.98). Interaction analysis showed that there was interaction between the polymorphisms and two exposure factors, drinking (adjusted OR=3.45, 95%CI: 1.74-6.83) and HBV infection (adjusted OR=40.77, 95%CI: 21.60-76.97). Among those male patients with history of drinking, survival analysis indicated that the mean age of onset of individuals harboring Asp/Asp genotypes ((47.99±0.75) years-old) was 6 years earlier than those with Asn/Asn or Asp/Asn genotypes ((53.68±2.07) years-old) (χ2=6.91, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONPolymorphism of SHBG (Asp327Asn) may be associated with both the risk of HCC occurrence and onset age of HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ; genetics