In recent years, there is some new recognition about the origin of prostatic carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma has been considered as a stem cell disease. Prostate cancer stem cells have close relationship with prostatic carcinoma formation, advancement, relapse, metastasis and drug resistance. As the development of science and technology continues, studies on the isolation and correlated phenotype identification of prostate cancer stem cells have lead us to further recognize prostate cancer stem cells, as well pave a new way for the diagnosis and therapy of clinical prostatic carcinoma.

Cough ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective To explore the effects of the different doses of propofol for preventing postoperative agitation in chil-dren.Methods 60 children cases undergoing elective indirect inguinal hernia hernioplasty were selected in the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Luzhou Medical College from June 2011 to April 2011 and randomly divided into the group Ⅰ,Ⅱ andⅢ.The three groups were performed the general anesthesia with sevoflurane and postoperatively given 0.90% sodium chloride in-jection 0.10 mL/kg by intravenous injection,propofol 1.00 mg/kg by once intravenous injection and propofol 1.00 mg/kg by twice intravenous injection,respectively.The occurrence rate of postoperative agitation within 30 min was compared among 3 groups.The anesthesia recovery agitation score,improved Aldrete score,awakening time and time out of the operation room were also compared. Results The occurrence rates of agitation within postoperative 30 min in the group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 65.00%,65.00% and 15.00% respectively,the difference among three groups was statistically significant (P <0.05);the anesthesia recovery agitation score,improved Aldrete score and awakening time had statistically significant differences among 3 groups (P <0.05),the time out of the operation room had no statistical difference(P > 0.05).Conclusion Postoperative twice intravenous injection of propofol 1.00 mg/kg has obvious effect and good safety for preventing the postoperative agitation in children,which has important clinical reference value.

Objective To explore the expressions and.significancse of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-18 in serum and tissues of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) and cervical cancer,and to analyze their relationships with clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis.Methods One hundred and eight patients' tissues and clinical blood samples (68 cases of CIN and 40 cases of squamous cell carcinoma) were enrolled in this study,including 25 with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN Ⅰ),43 with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ),and 40 with invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC);meanwhile,20 cases normal cervical tissues were enrolled.The expressions of IL-10 and IL-18 in cervical tissues and serum of the studied patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction.Meanwhile,second generation hybrid capture was used to detect human papilloma virus(HPV) DNA in cervical smears obtained from the studied patients with the different lesions.The relationships among IL-10 and IL-18 with HPV DNA and clinical prognosis were analyzed.Results The expressions of IL-10 and IL-18 in normal control serum were (212.75 ± 62.09),(187.84 ± 81.03)pg/ml respectively.The expressions of IL-10 in CIN Ⅰ,CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ and SCC serums were (324.71 ±75.87),(397.43 ±68.56),(482.77 ± 104.05) pg/ml,with statistically significant difference (F =17.657,P =0.001).The expressions of IL-18 in CIN Ⅰ,CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ and SCC serums were (305.53 ± 64.08),(392.74 ± 87.38),(499.86 ± 92.04) pg/ml,with statistically significant difference (F =13.309,P =0.003).The relative expressions of IL-10 in normal control,CIN Ⅰ,CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ and SCC tissues were 0.99 ±0.01,3.24 ±0.68,7.32 ±0.99,13.24 ± 1.03,with statistically significant difference (F =21.694,P =0.000).The relative expressions of IL-18 in normal control,CIN Ⅰ,CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ and SCC tissues were 0.98 ± 0.01,2.02 ± 0.84,7.01 ± 1.59,14.38 ± 2.10,with statistically significant difference (F =19.912,P =0.001).The expressions of IL-10 and IL-18 were positively associated with HPV infection (r =0.696,P =0.001;r =0.852,P =0.001).The median survival time of patients with high expressions of IL-10 was 9.74 months,which obviously shorter than those patients with low expressions of IL-10 (24.47 months),with statistically significant difference (x2 =21.363,P =0.001).The median survival time of patients with high expressions of IL-18 was 12.32 months,which obviously shorter than those patients with low expressions of IL-18 (22.88 months),with statistically significant difference (x2 =7.457,P =0.006).Conclusion High expressions of IL-10 and IL-18 are observed in patients with CIN and SCC,which can be used as biomarkers for predicting early cervical lesions.

BACKGROUND: The low survival rate of neuron cells is one of the main mechanisms of stem cell allograft, which might lead to the failure of allograft. Nuclear factor-KB (NF-kB) is one of main transcription factors for cell signaling transduction and participates in call proliferation and differentiation.OBJECTIVE: To study the differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) into neuron-like cells induced by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and Compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection in vitro, and the expression of NF- kB.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The experiment at cell molecular level was performed at the Oral Science Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College from March to May 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 10 Sprague Dawley neonatal rats aged 7 days were supplied by Experimental Animal Center, Liaoning Medical University. CNTF (Sigma, USA) and Compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection (Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmacantical Co.,Ltd., China) were used in this study.METHODS: Rat MDSCs were harvested in vitro, pudfied by differential adherence and enzyme digestion, and incubated in 6-well plate. Samples in the induction group were incubated in DMEM containing CNTF for 24 hours. The medium was changed.Subsequently, samples were dnsed three times, and then incubated in serum-free DMEM supplemented with Compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection for 5 hours. Samples in the control group were treated with serum-free DMEM.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurofilament protein and NF-KB inhibitor protein expression were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Westem blotting.RESULTS: No neurofilament protein expression was found in MDSCs before induction, and neurofilament protein-positive MDSCs were detected following induction. Results of gel electrophoresis and Westam blot showed that no significant differences in NF-kB inhibitor protein expression were determined in the control group, and NF-kB inhibitor protein expression was significantly decreased in the induction group after induction.CONCLUSION: CNTF and Compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection could inhibit the activation of NF-kB and induce the differentiation of MDSCs into neuron-like cells.Zeng XY, Wang W, Sun L, Zhang L, Zeng LD.Differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells induced by ciliary neurotrophic factor and Compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection in vitro.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu.2009;13(27): 5336-5340. [http://www.crter.cn http://en.zglckf.com]

Sox-2(SRY related HMG box-2)is an essential embryonic stem cell gene and a necessary transcription factor for maintaining the proliferation and self-renewal capability of embryonic stem cell .Sox-2 is involved in complex cell signal transduction pathway network and adjusting biological behavior of cells .Expression of Sox-2 is adjusted by different factors in transduction , transla-tion and post-translation levels .In recent years , increasing evidences indicate Sox-2 has an important role in tumor development , growth, proliferation, and metastasis, which is involved in various biological behavior of tumor cells in many types of tumors .This pa-per reviews the role of Sox-2 in adjusting tissue and tumor development and complex cell signal transduction pathway network of Sox -2 and clinical values of Sox-2 in tumor diagnosis and treatment until now .

Objective To investigate the risk factors for delayed graft function (DGF) under-(going) cadaver renal transplantation.Methods Twenty-four relative variables were analyzed by SPSS11.0 statistical software. Using chi-square analysis method, the influence of these variables on DGF was retrospectively studied. Logistic regression analysis was done to assess and rank the relative risk of potential variables.Results The overall incidence of DGF was 5.01 %. Chi-square analysis (revealed) that the risk factors for DGF were identified as: cold ischaemia time, warm ischaemia time, recipient hypovolaemia, number of previous transplants, allosensitisation of the recipient, ATN, (accelerated) rejection, cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, ureteral leakage obstruction. Logistic multivariate analysis showed that there were 8 risk factors contributing to DGF.Conclusion DGF is a common (allograft) complication in the immediate posttransplant. There are many risk factors contributing to this condition. The basic change is ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is very important to comprehend the risk (factors) thoroughly in order to prevent them effectively.

Objective To discuss the effective surgical treatment of intrahepatic lithiasis combined with high hepa-t ic duct strictures. Methods Two hundreds and sixteen cases of intra hepatic lithiasis and high hepatic duct strictures treated in this hospital fr om January 1993 to October 2002 were analysed retrospectively.Results One hundred and eighty- three cases underwent different selective operation by selected time; 33 case s complicated with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis underwent emergency were performed single biliary drainage, in which 30 cases were re-operated. Th e operative procedure were: hepatic lobectomy,high cholangiotomy and plastic repair,exposure of hepatic duct of the 2nd and the 3rd order,and plastic re pair with own patch and choledochojejunostomy.Two hundreds and six cases w ere cured,the curative rate was 95.4%; 8 cases improved (3.7 %), and 2 cases died (0.9%).Conclusion The best effective surgical treat ment of intrahpatic lithiasis is hepatic lobectomy. Exposure of hepatic duct of the 2nd and the 3rd order is a satisfactory to release the hepatic duct str ictures and to clear the intrahepatic lithiasis. For patients with normal extr ahepatic bile duct and Oddi's function, plastic repair of bile duct with own patch is possible to keep the normal form and function. Cholang ioscopy may play an important role in the treatment of intrahepatic tr act lithiasis during operation.

Objective: To study the effects of halothane and sevoflurane on myocardial function and energy metabolism. Method:The model of Langendorff perfused isolated rat heart was used to investigate the effects of halothane and sevoflurane on HR,LVEDP,LVDP,+dp/dt,-dp/dt and coronary flow(CF)before and after ischemia. and the myocardial ATP content were measured with HPLC before ischemia and 10 min after ischemia and at the end of reperfusion. Result: 1.5 MAC sevoflurane significantly increased CF in normal isolated rat hearts. Both halothane and sevoflurane differently depressed myocardial contratile function,increased normal myocardial energy storage. At 10th min of ischemia the decrease of myocardial ATP content was delayed by halothane and sevoflurane. At the end of reperfusion,the both anesthetics improved the recovery of myocardial function and matebolism,especially sevoflurane. Conclusion: Both anesthetics can protect myocardium from ischemic reperfusion injury through improving post-ischemic myocardial energy recovery.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR ,somatostatin (SS) and angiogenesis in pancreatic carcinoma and their association with the clinicopathologic characterizations. Methods:Immunohistochemical SP technique was used to detect the expression of KDR and SS. Microvessel density was determined by immunostaining for factor CD34 related antigen. Results:MVD was higher in KDR high and middle expression cases than that in low expression cases(P