BACKGROUND: Neural stem cells are always derived from fetal rats and adult rats, and it is complex to isolate the cells by cell culture.OBJECTIVE: To study a convenient and effective method for the isolation and the culture of neural stem cells in neonatal rats.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observation study based on cells was carried out in the Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing, China) from October 2006 to March 2007.MATERIALS: Wistar neonatal rats of 1-3 days old.METHODS: Subsequent to trypsin digestion, primary culture of the cells was performed in serum-free suspension culture medium. Then the cells were induced to incubate in DMEM/F12 containing 0.10 volume fraction of fetal bovine serum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Phase contrast microscopy was employed to observe the growth of neural stem cells and the morphology of the differentiated cells. Neural stem cells and the differentiated neurons were identified using indirect immunofluorescence cytochemistry, as well as expression of gilal fibrillary acidic protein. Moreover, the proliferation of the BrdU-labeled neural stem cells was also investigated.RESULTS: The neural stem cells isolated from neonatal rat brains had the potential of serial passage and proliferation, besides, they express neuroepithelial stem cell protein (nestin) and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.CONCLUSION: Neural stem cells can be harvested from neonatal rat brains at a large scale, and they maintain their undifferentiated features and have the capacity of self-renewal and pluripotentiality.

Objective: To investigate the cause of an incident of occupational contact dermatitis in a farm in Tianjin Prefecture, so as to provide insights into occupational safety. Methods: The disinfection process, use of disinfectants and individual protective measures in this farm were collected, and a field epidemiological investigation was conducted to collect the demographic characteristics, history of occupational contact, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment data, and onset of disease among individuals with the same type of job. The cause of this incident was analyzed. Results: There were ten interns exposed to potassium hydrogen sulfate compounds simultaneously in this farm, and then, nine interns developed skin flushing across the body, and swelling and itching of the skin. Among these ten interns, five individuals were admitted to hospitals because of severe symptoms and were then clinically diagnosed as systemic contact dermatitis. All five individuals were cured following treatments. Epidemiological survey showed that all cases had a definite history of occupational contact with potassium hydrogen sulfate compounds but without use of any protective agents. In addition, there were thirty-five individuals with the same type of job in this farm that developed similar symptoms when they joined in the disinfection for the first time, and these individuals were self-cured following cessation to contact; however, recurrence of symptoms was found following contacts again. Conclusion This is a cluster of occupational contact dermatitis caused by exposure to potassium hydrogen sulfate compound.

Objective To discuss the method of interventional intravascular treatment in traumatic carotid cavernous fistula(TCCF)and the significance of clinical application in emergency.Methods In 297 cases of TCCF,36 cases were treated by interventional intravaseular embolization by detachable balloon, embolization orificium or occlusion in one side of carotid artery.In the 36 cases,serious epistaxis occurred in 22 cases,cortical vein inflow in 9 cases,intracranial hemorrhage in 3 cases,aggravation of eyesight in 3 cases,and limb dysfunction in 2 cases.Results Fistula was successfully embolized and internal carotid artery remained patent in 19 cases.Complete embolization of orificium or internal carotid artery was achieved in 17 cases.The serious epistaxias in 22 cases and intracranial hemorrhage in 3 cases stopped.Eyesight recovered in 2 cases and improved in 1 case.Limb dysfunction improved evidently in 2 cases. Conclusion Intravascular embolization treatment is the first therapeutic choice for TCCF,especially in emergency.It is necessary,safe and effective.

Objective To explore the etiology,clinical manifestations of infantal viral pneumonia in Luzhou area.Methods Five viral specific serum IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in acute period of viral pneumonia.Five kinds of virus were separated,as respiratory syncytial virue(RSV),influenza virus(IFV),adenovirus(ADV),cytonegalo virus(CMV),and parainfluenza virus(PIV).Serum specific IgM was positive,C-reactive protein(CRP) was less than 8 mg/L,and there was no(clini-)cal and laboratory proof of other pathogenic infection detected in 221 infants with pneumonia.Results 1.One hundred and four cases of viral infection were detected from 221 infants with pneumonia.The viral positive detected rate was 47.1%,and there were 75 cases of single viral infection(72.1%) and 29 cases of mixed viral infection(27.9%) among them.2.In the single viral infection,RSV was the first,IFV,ADV,PIV and CMV being the second,the third,the fourth,and the fifth respectively.3.The types of likely infection virus were different in different age-stage and seasons in infants.Conclusions The etiology of infantal pneumonia is complicated.The types of viral infection are various besides germ infection and the epidemic season peak;clinical manifestations are different.Earlier detection of(etiology) in infection will make clear the etiology and then take appropriate treatment measures to improve curative effect.

Field operations,work and war on plateau is an important part of future war. It is necessary to study the early treatment and evacuation of scull injury. Research and survey were made in 7 field hospitals and hundreds of records were summaried before treatment criterion in early phase was put forward for patients on plateau as well as the evacuation in different level and stage,which aims to actively save patients' lives within limited time and reduce the death rate and prevent deformity. References are provided for war,training,and construction in battlefield.

Objective To evaluate the effect of moderate activities at moderate high altitude on acute mountain sickness (AMS) incidence .Methods Ninety-one healthy sea level residents traveled from sea level (345 m) to high altitude city (3200 m) ,by train within 48-hour .They walked 5 kilometers after 2-night stayed ,Lake Louis Score (LLS) Questionnaires ,blood pressure(BP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) was administered before and after walking .Results Seven subjects were excluded because of incomplete data .The incidence of AMS before and after exercise was 20 .24% (n=17/84) and 11 .90% (n=10/84) respectively(P>0 .05) .Af-ter a 5 kilometer walking ,the heart rate increased from (73 .83 ± 9 .96)bpm to(84 .31 ± 12 .55)bpm (P<0 .05) ,Systolic BP and SpO2 level decreased from(128 .86 ± 13 .93)mm Hg to (124 .48 ± 13 .13)mm Hg ,(92 .80 ± 2 .25)% to (89 .94 ± 2 .45)% (P<0 .05) .Headache symptom improved after walking (P<0 .05) .Smoking was negative correlate with LLS score before and after ex-ercise(P<0 .05) .There is no relation between SpO2 and LLS scores .Conclusion Walking five kilometers at 3200 m improve head-ache symptom and tend to decrease AMS .

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of serum cystatin C(CysC) and urinary microalbumin(MA) in the diagnosis of early renal function injury in patients with essential hypertension.MethodsOne hundred and twenty patients with essential hypertension(hypertension group) were divided into three groups by the results of blood pressure:grade 1 with 48 cases,grade 2 with 47 cases,grade 3 with 25 cases.Thirty healthy subjects were selected as control group.Serum CysC,urinary MA and serum creatinine (Cr) were detected in all subjects.ResultsThe serum CysC and urinary MA in grade 1,2 and 3 hypertension group [(1.57 ±0.48),(2.12 ±0.72),(2.91 ± 1.09) mg/L and(18.12 ±5.43),(29.01 ±8.07),(46.06 ± 13.21 ) mg/L] were obviously higher than those in control group [ (0.71 ± 0.23 ),(9.35 ±5.17)mg/L](P＜ 0.05).The serum Cr had no significant difference between grade 1,2,3 hypertension group and control group (P ＞ 0.05 ).Serum CysC was positively correlated with urinary MA in hypertension group (r =0.613,P ＜ 0.05),serum CysC and urinary MA were both negatively correlated with estimated glomenlar filtration rate (eGFR)(r=-0.635,-0.563,P＜0.05).ConclusionsSerum CysC and urinary MA are sensitive indexes of early renal function injury in patients with hypertension.The combined determination of serum CysC and urinary MA can improve the detection rate of early renal function injury.

Objective To explore the biological effects of estrogen (17β-E2) on the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblast (HSFB).Methods HSFBs were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion.The fourth generation of HSFBs were adopted; (1) the proliferating effect of diverse concentrations of 17β-E2 and 17β-E2+ ICI-182780 on HSFBs was determined with MTT method at 24,48,72,96 h; (2) the influence of 17β-E2 and ICI-182780 to HSFBs cycle distribution were determined with flow cytometry; (3) the migration effect of diverse concentrations of 17β-E2 and 17β-E2+ICI-182780 on HSFBs was determined at 24,48,and 72 hours after the creation of the scratch-wound in vitro.Results (1) The proliferating speed of HSFBs in 10-10mol/L 17β-E2 group (group A)was the highest of all at 48,72,96 h,which was higher than that in ICI-182780+10-10mol/L 17β-E2 group (group B) and control group (group C) (P＜0.01) ;(2) the HSFBs during the S phase in group A was more than that in groups B and C (P＜0.01),while the HSFBs during the G0/G1 phase was less than that in groups B and C (P＜0.01); (3) the migrating effect of HSFBs in 10-8mol/L 17β-E2 group (group D) was the highest of all at 48 h,which was higher than that in ICI-182780+10-10mol/L control group (group E)and control group (group F) (P＜0.01).Conclusions The concentration of 10-10mol/L estrogen has the strongest effect of promoting proliferation and that of 10-8mol/L has the strongest chemotaxis; ICI-182780 can abate the above effect effectively.

Undergraduates in department of laboratory medicine were organized to participate in United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Schemes. Case discussion was the main form and contents of cases cover the entire clinical biochemical field. One case was given every 20 days and undergraduates must answer in English. All answers would be summarized and reported by one of them. After results being returned, all undergraduates made a retrospective study. The highest score was 1.74 and the lowest score of-0.4, with the median score of 0.67. Time-window score ranged be-tween 0.98 and 0.41. After participating in the case discussion, students improved clinical problem-solving capa-bility, subjective initiative of clinical practice, English level and the team cooperation ability.

Objective To analyze the construction and operation status of management system of laboratories of schistosomi?asis control institutions in Hubei Province,so as to provide the reference for the standardized detection and management of schis?tosomiasis laboratories. Methods According to the laboratory standard of schistosomiasis at provincial,municipal and county levels,the management system construction and operation status of 60 schistosomiasis control institutions was assessed by the acceptance examination method from 2013 to 2015. Results The management system was already occupied over all the labora?tories of schistosomiasis control institutions and was officially running. There were 588 non?conformities and the inconsistency rate was 19.60%. The non?conformity rate of the management system of laboratory quality control was 38.10%(224 cases)and the non?conformity rate of requirements of instrument and equipment was 23.81%(140 cases). Conclusion The management system has played an important role in the standardized management of schistosomiasis laboratories.