Methamphetamine is a powerful stimulant of amphetamine type in the central nervous system (CNS),and recently it has become the major drugs of abuse.A lot of research results show that MA may induce dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the animal and human striatum.The mechanisms include effects on dopaminergic signaling and dopamine oxidation,glutamate induced excitotoxicity,oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines,disruption of mitochondfia,apoptosis,activation of glial cells and hyperthermia.However the mechanisms by the MA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity are not completely understood.The paper reviewed recent progress of study on them to provide reference materials for related research.

Based on the medical immunology exquisite course of Dalian city,we expound the guiding thought,construction and system evaluation of medical immunology test bank,in order to normalize examination,consummate teaching quality control system and improve teaching quality.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dura Mater ; chemistry ; pathology ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Meningioma ; pathology ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Quality of Life ; psychology ; Survivors ; psychology

Objective To assess on the effect of the different catheterization on patients with oral poisoning gastric lavage systematically and objectively. Methods A computerized search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Springer Link, Science Direct,China Biology Medicine (CBM),China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI), Wanfang Data and VIP database was performed for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which investigated the effects of the oral intubation gastric lavage on patients with oral poisoning relative to nasogastric lavage, retrieval to January 2016, and back into the study of references. According to include and exclude standard to screening literature, literature which met inclusion criteria was selected for quality evaluation and data extraction. Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis were performed by using Rev-Man 5.3 and TSA soft-ware to estimate the required information size (RIS). Results 13 studies incorporated into Meta-analysis including a total o 1 296 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that the oral intubation gastric lavage group was better than nasogastric lavage in shortening the time of intubation [MD=-9.05, 95% CI(-12.86--5.23), P=0.00], improving the rate of intubation for the first time [MD=1.36, 95% CI (1.14-1.62), P =0.00], mucosal bleeding complication [MD=0.11, 95% CI (0.04-0.64), P=0.010], nausea and vomiting [MD=0.60, 95%CI (0.37-0.98), P=0.04], kinking [MD=0.14, 95% CI (0.02-0.80), P=0.03], reflex cardiac arrest [MD=0.24, 95% CI (0.08-0.71), P=0.01] and asphyxia [MD=0.45, 95% CI (0.26-0.80), P=0.007], the difference were statistically significant. But no significant difference existed in gastric tube fall off. Conclusions The oral intubation gastric lavage could shorten intubation time of patients, improve the first time intubation rate and reduce certain complications. It suggests that the oral intubation be extensively applied to care patients with oral poisoning.

Aim To investigate whether endogenous hydrogen sulfide participated in the ischemic postconditioning against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated rat hearts.Methods Isolated SD rat hearts were subjected to ischemia by stopping perfusion for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min in Langendorff perfusion system,at the onset of reperfusion,4 cycles of 15 seconds reperfusion followed by 15 seconds ischemia were given for postconditioning.Intraperitoneal injection of L-propargylglycine(PAG,the inhibitor of cystanthionine-?-lysase) half an hour before operation or administration of exogenous hydrogen sulfide donor-NaHS for postconditioning was performed to observe the impact on ischemic postconditioning.The heart rate(HR),left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP),coronary arterial flow(CF)were recorded.The activity of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in the coronary effluent fluid,and the activity of CSE and the content of H2S in the isolated rat hearts were measured with colorimetry method.The infarction sizes were measured with TTC dying method.Results In ischemic/reperfusion group,LVDP decreased,the activity of LDH in the coronary effluent fluid and the size of myocardial infarction increased(vs control,P

Objective To evaluate the image deformation and measurement error of rotational DSA by model experiment. Methods Five steel balls (diameter: 20 mm) were placed in a horizontal space of 30 mm, the middle of which was as the isocenter for rotational DSA acquisition. Another 5 steel balls (diameter: 10 mm) were placed in a vertical space of 30 mm with the same alignment for rotational DSA acquisition. The screen was divided into five regions and the morphological changes of the ball image were observed at each rotation angle. The experimental images of the left anterior oblique ball images at 20°, 40°and 60° among each two groups were selected and measured by automatic isocenter calibration and sphere calibration respectively, and compared with the actual diameters of balls to calculate the image magnification. Results Except the center one, other balls were of deformation at different rotation angles due to the distance to the detector leading to enlargement and reduction. With automatic isocenter calibration, only the diameter of the center ball corresponded with the actual one, the distance away from the center or the rotation angle was inversely proportional to measurement error (maximum magnification 12.42%).With sphere calibration, the measurement results in various regions at different rotation angle were basically the same, with smaller measurement error (maximum magnification 3.41%). Conclusion Placing the organ of interest in the center area can reduce image distortion in rotational DSA imaging. Selecting reasonable measuring technology according to the lesion location is helpful to control measurement errors.

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on controlling endemic fluorosis in Shaanxi Province between 2004 and 2006. Methods Hanbin, Pingli, Ziyang and Hanyin were selected for the investigation in 2004;in addition to the four areas, Zhengping, Shiquan and Langao were also for the investigation in 2006. Two schools were selected in each area, and 2 villages as the investigation spots. Fifty pupils in the fifth grade in each school, and 30 housewives between 25 - 50 years old in each village were chosen as the research subjects. Referring to the health education questionnaire in Technique Scheme of Endemic Disease Prevention Granted by Central Government of 2004, the degree of health education of endemic fluorine, arsenic poisoning in pupils and housewives were investigated. Results In 2004 and 2006, the average mark of pupils in school was 54.7 and 83.6, the pass rate was 57.5% (230/400) and 90.2% (629/697), respectively;the average mark of housewives was 59.7 and 83.9, the passing rate was 59.6% (143/240), 87.6%(338/386) respectively, indicating that the outcome was improved obviously in 2006 compared to that in 2004. Conclusions In the past three years, health knowledge of endemic arsenic and fluorosis has been improved among pupils and housewives in these areas.

Objective To assess the irregular shape of hematoma with math methods,which is one of the risk factors of hematoma enlargement.Methods We reviewed images data of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage treated nonsurgically who underwent initial computed tomography (CT) within 6 hours and repeated CT within 48 hours of onset.The area(s),the circumference(L),the greatest diameter(A)and the transverse diameter(B)of the greatest hemorrhage CT slice was measured.The formula X=L/S waft used to calculate the value.We calculated the area(S1)and the circumference (L1) of the ellipse with A as its long diameter and B as its short diameter.The formula X1=S1/L1 was used to calculate the value. We used formula R=X/X1 to assess the irregular hematoma shape.The relationships between hematoma enlargement and R was analyzed. Results Thirty-one patients(25.8%) showed enlarged hematomas after admission.The larger the value of R,the more irregular the shape of hematoma.When R≥1.3,the shape of the hematoma was significantly irregular.36.0% patients with R≥1.3 had hematoma enlarged.compared with only 18.6% those with R<1.3(χ2=4.62,P=0.032).Conclusions The irregular shape index R Can be used to assess the shape of a hematoma. A particularly high likelihood of hematoma enlargement is observed in patients with an irregularly shape index R≥1.3.

Objective To analyze the clinical characters in old patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods The clinical data of 426 patients undergoing CABG from January 2000 to April 2009 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred eighteen patients were 70-82 years old (older group), 308 patients were 24-69 years old (younger group). The perioperative risk factors, surgical complication and outcomes between the two groups were compared.Results The older group had higher incidences of post-operative complications than younger group.Pre-operative risk factors included the female, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vessel disease, New york heart association(NYHA) class Ⅳ, unstable angina requiring intravenous nitrates until arrival in the anaesthetic room, left ventricular ejection fraction ＜30%. The older group showed higher incidences of postoperative severe complication, operative mortality, and more grafts and longer time in intensive care unit (ICU), and had lower incidents of valve disease and less use of left internal mammary artery [16 patients (13. 6%) vs. 152 patients (49.4%), all P＜0. 05].Conclusions The many CABG risk factors in China are different from those in the western countries.Although the higher incidents of postoperative severe complication and higher operative mortality are found in the older patients, the recovery period after operation isn't obviously prolonged. The operative outcomes are satisfactory.