Objective To investigate the pharmacodynamics of different local anesthetics administered intrathecally for elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ - Ⅲ elderly patients, aged 69-82 yr, with body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 , undergoing TURP under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 30 each): levobupivacaine group (group L), ropivacaine group (group R) and bupivacaine group (group B). Group L, R and B received intrathecai (IT) 0.5 % levobupivacaine, 0.5 % ropivacaine and 0.5 % bupivacaine respectively. The initial dose was 7,10 and 6 mg in group L, R and B respectively. The ratio of two successive doses was 0.9. If the upper sensory block reached T10 within the 20 min after IT injection, the IT analgesia was considered to be effective. The median effective dose (EDs0) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated by Dixon. Results The ED50 and 95% CI of levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine were 6.781 (95% CI 6.561-7.024) mg, 9.135 (95%CI8.670-9.616) mg and 5.170 (95% CI 5.012-5.333) ng respectively. The relative potency ratio between levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine is 0.76∶0.57∶1.00. ConclusionThe relative potency ratio be tween levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine is 0.76∶0.57∶1.00.

Objective To summarize the curative effect of repairing large area soft tissue defects in heel and crus by flaps with double blood-supply of posterior tibial artery perforators and saphenous nerve nutrient vessels.Methods From January 2006 to February 2012,twenty cases took operation under the guide of Continuous Wave Doppler and design of tibial artery perforator as rotation point.And in all cases,island flaps with the blood supply from saphenous nerve nutrient vessels and tibial artery perforator were retained to repair large area soft tissue defects in heel and crus.In operations,the range of flap area were ranged from 19 cm × 11 cm to 11 cm × 8 cm.Skin flaps incision was up to the patella margin level,low to medial malleolus on edge,former to crus former median line,rear to after crus median line and farthest to the surface of wound on the metatarsophalangeal joint.Results Nineteen cases survived,and 1 case of skin flap mild necrosis at the farthest side took a second-phase line skin flap to repair.Followed-up from 6 months to 24 months was taken in all cases at the mean time of 10 months,with a result of good recovery and no ulceration for the flaps.To varying degree,all flaps recover sense of pain and deep touch.Conclusion There is no wound to posterior main tibial artery in repairing large area soft tissue defects in heel and crus by flaps with double blood-supply from posterior tibial artery perforators and saphenous nerve nutrient vessels,meanwhile to maintain double blood-supply from posterior tibial artery perforators and saphenous nerve nutrient vessels and expand the range of blood supply of posterior tibial artery perforators.In this operation,a blood circulation for the flap can be guaranteed so as for a large wound in heel and crus.

To analyze components of Citrus reticulata and salt-processed C. reticulata by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), and compared the changes in components before and after being processed with salt. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were adopted to analyze the difference in fingerprint between crude and processed C. reticulata, showing increased content of eriocitrin, limonin, nomilin and obacunone increase in salt-processed C. reticulata. Potential chemical markers were identified as limonin, obacunone and nomilin, which could be used for distinguishing index components of crude and processed C. reticulata.
Benzoxepins ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Discriminant Analysis ; Limonins ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Principal Component Analysis ; methods ; Salts ; chemistry

Objective To summarize the auxiliary value of CT scanning in differentiating acute glioma stroke from simple cerebral hemorrhage. Methods The CT data of 12 patients with acute glioma stroke diagnosed by operation and pathological examination were analyzed retrospectively.Results CT scan presented high density hematoma with clear borderline in 12 cases, solid tumor mass in 9 cases, no clear tumor foci in 3 cases, and perifocal edema in 10 cases. Conclusion The combination with the clinical history, CT manifestations and enhanced CT scan can facilitate the diagnosis of acute glioma stroke from simple cerebral hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVETo establish systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) -like murine model by immunizing BALB/C mice with Sm mimotope.

METHODSSm mimotope was identified by screening a 12-mer random peptide library with monoclonal anti-Smith antibody. Sm mimotope was initially defined with sandwich ELISA, DNA sequencing, and deduced amino acid sequence; and BALB/C mice were subcutaneously injected with mixture phages clones. Sera Sm antibody, anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) of mice were detected using direct immunofluorescence; kidney histological changes were examined by HE staining.

RESULTSFive randomly selected peptides were sequenced and the amino acid sequences IR, SQ, and PP were detected in a higher frequency. High-titer IgG autoantibodies of dsDNA, Sm, and ANA in the sera of experiment group were detected by ELISA 28 days after having been immunized by Sm mimotope. Proteinuria was detected 33 days later; immune complex and nephritis were observed in kidney specimens.

CONCLUSIONSLE-like murine model can be successfully induced by Sm phage mimotope.

Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; blood ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epitopes ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Mimicry ; Oligopeptides ; immunology ; Peptide Library

OBJECTIVETo discuss the role of early growth response factor (Egr)-1 and it's upstream signaling pathway in the development of silicosis.

METHODSThe expression and localization of Egr-1 were analyzed by immunofluorescence and in-situ hybridization. The activity of Egr-1 was observed in treated cells by using a reporter plasmid and EMSA, the activity of ERK1/2 in RAW264.7 incubated with SiO(2) by using a kinase assay, and further by using a kinase inhibitor assay to investigate the role of upstream kinase in the signal pathway of the activation of Egr-1.

RESULTSThe obvious increase of expression and transcription of Egr-1 was observed shortly after being treated by silica and its activity increased abruptly. There was an increase of the activity of ERK1/2 in RAW264.7 cells treated, which reached a peak at 30 minutes. The expression and transcription of Egr-1 decreased maniferstly after using kinase inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONEgr-1 expression can be induced by silica dioxide in RAW264.7 cells, and the ERK1/2, p38 kinases may take part in this process which suggest the pathway of SiO(2), ERK1/2, p38 and Egr-1 may play an important role in the development of silicosis.

Animals ; Butadienes ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; physiology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Nitriles ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Silicon Dioxide ; pharmacology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and location of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1), transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), fibronectin (FN) in silicotic rat and to discuss the role of Egr-1 in the development of silicosis.

METHODSSilicotic animal model of rat was established, and the expressions of Egr-1, TGF-beta(1), FN in various lung cells of silicotic rat were analysed by using immunohistochemical technique (SP) and the image analysis.

RESULTSThe expressions of Egr-1 in bronchial epithelial cell, pulmonary macrophage, alveolar epithelium cell and interstitial cell in lung silicotic tissue (gray values: 118.58 +/- 5.65 - 168.52 +/- 5.67) were higher than those of controls (gray values: 166.23 +/- 5.23 - 188.12 +/- 8.35) during 1 - 28 days, and the expression was mainly in nucleus; the expressions of TGF-beta(1) in these cells (gray values: 123.49 +/- 5.65 - 170.24 +/- 3.56) were also higher than those of controls (166.53 +/- 6.25 - 198.56 +/- 4.53), and the expression was mainly in cytoplasm. The expressions of FN in bronchial epithelial cell, pulmonary macrophage and alveolar epithelial cell (gray values: 150.32 +/- 6.54 - 201.54 +/- 7.38) were lower, while those in interstitial cell (gray values: 121.43 +/- 5.65 - 167.55 +/- 6.35) were higher than those of controls. The changes of TGF-beta(1) and Egr-1 expression level in bronchial epithelial cell, pulmonary macrophage, alveolar epithelium cell and interstitial cell were synchronous during the experiment (1 - 28 days). Both of them were correlated with each other (r = 0.61, P < 0.01), while the expression of FN was not correlated with Egr-1, but correlated to TGF-beta(1) in interstitial cell (r = 0.46, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSilicon dioxide could up-regulate the expression of nuclear transcription factor Egr-1 in several kinds of cell in lung. The activated Egr-1 may coordinate the expression of TGF-beta(1) and FN to regulate the development of silicosis.

Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; analysis ; physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; Fibronectins ; analysis ; physiology ; Immediate-Early Proteins ; analysis ; physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; chemistry ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Silicosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; analysis ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; analysis ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between the expression of Egr-1 and NF-kappaB and the up-regulation of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 in macrophages after stimulation by silica in-vitro.

METHODSMacrophages were treated with antibodies against Egr-1 and NF-kappaB and antisense oligonucleotides. The level of TNF-alpha protein in the cell supernatant was then measured using enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of TGF-beta1 protein was detected by immunocytochemistry. The expression of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 mRNAs was also monitored by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared with silica-stimulated macrophages untreated with antibodies, the cells treated with 10 micro g/ml of Egr-1 or NF-kappaB antibodies were associated with reduced expression of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 proteins and mRNAs (P < 0.05). Compared with silica-stimulated untransfected group, the antisense group was associated with obvious reduction in the expression of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 proteins and mRNAs (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 mRNAs and proteins are associated with activation of Egr-1 and NF-kappaB in macrophages, after stimulation by silica. It is possible that the corresponding antibodies and antisense oligonucleotides may become a potential therapeutic tool in the management of silicosis in the future.

Animals ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; Immediate-Early Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Macrophages ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; immunology ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Silicon Dioxide ; pharmacology ; Silicosis ; etiology ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and localization of nuclear transcription factor Sp1 in macrophages after stimulated by silicon dioxide in vivo and in vitro.

METHODSForty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group and the silica exposure group, 20 in each group. The rat silicosis models were established by direct tracheal instillation of silica into rat lung (0.2 g/kg) only once while the control group was instilled with equal amount of saline. Animals were killed at 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after instillation. Dynamic changes of Sp1 protein expression and its cellular localization were detected by immunohistochemistry in pulmonary macrophages. In vitro, Sp1 mRNA and protein expression and their dynamic changes were monitored by RT-PCR and western blotting after stimulated by silicon dioxide in cultured RAW264.7 macrophages respectively. Cellular localization of Sp1 protein was characterized by immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSCompared to the control group, the Sp1 protein expression was increased in pulmonary macrophages and reached the peak at the 14th day in the silica exposure group. In vitro, the Sp1 mRNA level began to rise at 30 minutes after the administration of silicon dioxide and reached the peak at 240 minutes and then decreased to the minimal level at 960 minutes. The Sp1 total protein and nuclear protein also exhibited the similar trend. The former reached the peak at 240 minutes and the latter at 480 minutes. The significant nuclear translocation of Sp1 protein was observed at 120 minutes after the administration of silicon dioxide and became most significant at 480 minutes.

CONCLUSIONSilicon dioxide can activate nuclear transcription factor Sp1 in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Sp1 might play an important pathogenic role in the development of silicosis.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Silicon Dioxide ; pharmacology ; Sp1 Transcription Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the osseointegration of the nanophase hydroxyapatite biograde-coated implants and host bone.

METHODSNanophase hydroxyapatite biograde-coated implants, hydroxyapatite biograde-coated implants and noncoated Ti-6Al-4V implants were inserted into both femoral of Beagle canines the tissue response, dynamic osteogensis and SEM were studied at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.

RESULTSThe degradation of nanophase hydroxyapatite was slower than hydroxyapatite, dynamic osteogensis and the form of osteoblast were better than the control groups.

CONCLUSIONThe biological reaction of Nanophase hydroxyapatite biograde-coated implants is better than hydroxyapatite coated implant.

Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemistry ; Dogs ; Durapatite ; chemistry ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Nanoparticles ; Osseointegration ; physiology ; Surface Properties