[ABSTRACT]AIM:Toexploretheeffectoftheelasticmodulusandsizesofliquidcrystal(LC)phasesonosteo-genic differentiation based on OPC/PU composite substrate by mimicking the microenvironment in rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs).METHODS: A series of composite substrates with different elastic modulus were constructed via modulation of LC content in the composites .The surface phase structure was observed by polarized microscopy , and the mechanical property was measured by a universal material testing machine .Furthermore, the laser confocal microscope was employed to observe the spreading , polarization and the cytoskeleton arrangement of the rBMSCs .The proliferation of rBM-SCs was evaluated by CCK-8 assay.The specific mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation such as collagen Ⅰ, and osteopontin on the composite membranes was detected by real-time PCR.RESULTS:The size and number of LC phase in-creased and the elastic modulus of the composite substrates decreased with the increase of the LC content .The rBMSCs ex-hibited better characteristics of initial adhesion , spreading and proliferation on the OPC 10-PU and OPC30-PU in the early and medium culturing .The rBMSCs displayed higher expression of collagen Ⅰ and osteopontin on the OPC10-PU in the early and medium osteogenic induction , while the high expression of these osteogenic genes occured on the OPC 30-PU and OPC50-PU in later osteogenic induction .The emphasis of genetic expression was switched from collagen Ⅰin the early and medium osteogenic induction to osteopontin in the later stage .CONCLUSION:When the content of LC remained low in the composite substrates , rBMSCs mainly responded to the mechanical stimuli induced by substrate stiffness and exhibited distinguished cellular behaviors;with the increase in the LC content , rBMSCs had strong interactions with LC by sensing the viscoelasticity of LC , probably resulted from the contribution of both substrate stiffness and the viscoelasticity of LC phase .

Objective: To explore therapeutic effect of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) combined antiviral treatment on pediatric patients with viral myocarditis (VMC). Methods: A total of 118 VMC children were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and combined treatment group (received FDP therapy based on routine treatment), both groups were treated for two weeks. Therapeutic effect after treatment, levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CK isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and after treatment were measured and compared between two groups. Results: Total effective rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group (91. 53％ vs. 71. 19％, P=0. 005). Compared with before treatment after two-week treatment, there were significant reductions in levels of CK, LDH, CK-MB, HBDH and HR, and significant rise in SV, CO and LVEF in two groups, P＜0. 01 all. Compared with routine treatment group after two-week treatment, there were significant reductions in levels of CK [(168. 2±33. 7) U/L vs. (126. 4±30. 4) U/L], LDH [(199. 0±41. 3) U/L vs. (162. 7±47. 1) U/L], CK-MB [(18. 3±6. 4) U/ L vs. (12. 2±6. 6) U/L], and HR [(85. 4±12. 6) times/min vs. (80. 2±12. 3) times/min], and significant rise in SV [(82. 4±13. 4) ml vs. (89. 5±14. 0) ml]and LVEF [(50. 1±8. 5) ％ vs. (59. 7±8. 8) ％]in combined treatment group, P＜0. 05 or＜0. 01. Conclusion: Fructose-1, 6-diphosphate combined antiviral therapy could significantly improve myocardial enzyme levels, recover cardiac pump function with significant therapeutic effect in VMC pediatric patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and security of anti-platelet and anticoagulant therapy on prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ( NAF). Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, CENTREN and its affiliated clinical trial registration data center, CBMdisc,VIP,and CNKI databases from establishment to Dec 2009 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs)covering the use of anti-platelet agents and anticoagulants for patients with NAF. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.0 software after the strict evaluation of the methodological quality of the included RCTs. Results Fourteen RCTs involving 15 880 patients were include. Compared with placebo or no use of anti-platelet drugs, antiplatelet therapy didn't reduce ischemic stroke (RR = 0. 83,95% CI0. 68 to 1.00, P = 0. 05 ), systemic emboli ( RR= 0. 71, 95% CI0. 34 to 1.51, P = 0. 38 ) and all-cause mortality (RR = 0. 88, 95% CI0. 73 to 1.07, P= 0. 21 ) while significantly increased the major bleeding ( RR = 2. 88, 95% CI 1.21 to 6. 86, P= 0. 02 ) in patients with NAF, intracranial hemorrhage was not affected by antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation ( RR= 3. 25, 95% CI0. 84 to 12.62, P =0. 09). Compared with anti-platelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy significantly reduced the incidence of ischemic stroke (RR = 1.84,95% CI 1.48 to 2. 28 ,P ＜0. 01 ) and systemic emboli (RR= 1.94, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.03, P = 0. 004 ) but significantly increased the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage ( RR =0. 49, 95% CI0. 31 to 0. 78, P= 0. 003 ), did not affect all-cause mortality ( RR = 1.06, 95% CI0. 90 to 1.23, P = 0. 50) and the incidence of major bleeding ( RR = 0. 95, 95 % CI0. 76 to 1.19, P = 0. 66) in NAF patients. Conclusions Compared with the placebo and no use of anti-platelet drugs, anti-platelet therapy didn't reduce ischemic stroke and systemic emboli but increased the risk of major bleeding in NAF patients. Compared with anti-platelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy significantly reduced the ischemic stroke and systemic emboli without increasing the risk of major bleeding, but significantly increased the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in NAF patients. Since the study included RCTs with limited and less uniform outcome endpoints, the conclusions should be verified with RCTs with more uniform endpoints and longer follow-up time.

Objective To investigate mitochondrial oxidative stress on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in cardiac sarcolemma and mitochondria after application of hypoxia postconditioning and free radical scavengers.Methods Primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to 3 h hypoxia ( H ) followed by ( 1 ) 6 h of reoxygenation (R) (H/R),(2) 3 intermittent cycles of 5 min H and R before 6 h of R (PC),(3) application of superoxide dismutase (SOD) before PC ( SOD +PC),(4) application of catalase (CAT) before PC ( CAT + PC ),and (5) application of SOD plus CAT before PC (SOD + CAT + PC ).Cardiac sarcnlemma and mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation.Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected with fluorescent probes ( DCFHDA) and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry.The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in cardiac sarcolemma and mitochoncria were measured by Western blot.Results Mitochondrial ROS reduced significantly in PC,SOD + PC,CAT + PC and especially in SOD + CAT + PC groups ( all P ＜0.01 ).The number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes reduced significantly in PC,SOD + PC and CAT + PC ( all P ＜0.01 ) but not in SOD + CAT + PC groups.Bcl-2 levels increased while Bax levels decreased in cardiac sarcolemma and mitochondria in PC,SOD + PC and CAT + PC groups (all P＜0.01 ),Bcl-2 levels decreased and Bax levels increased in H/R and PC + SOD + CAT groups ( all P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions PC attenuated H/R induced ROS and cardiomyocyte apoptosis,which might be mediated by upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulating the Bax in mitochondria and sarcolemma:SOD or CAT alone did not but SOD plus CAT attenuate the anti-apoptotic effect of hypoxia postconditioning:mitochondrial ROS thus plays an important role in PC's cardioprotection.

Objective To study the detection methods of BK virus infection in kidney transplant recipients, and to explore the clinical application. Methods 132 cases of renal transplant recipients were undertaken BK virus detection including presence of decoy cells in urinary sediment, urine and serum BKVDNA to demonstrate the BK virus replication. Result Among 132 cases of renal transplant recipients,urinary decoy cell was found in 37 (28.0%)patients and the median time was 12 months after surgery. 32(24. 2% )patients were diagnosed as BK viruria at a median of 11 months after surgery, and 16( 12. 1% )recipients were diagnosed as BK viremia at a median of 15 months after surgery, 5 patients with BK viruria were diagnosed as BK virus associated nephropathy according to allograft biopsy. Conclusion To make early diagnosis of BK virus infection, detection of urine decoy cells and BKV-DNA in urine and plasma sample is important,which provides an important basis for the prevention of BK virus associated nephropathy.

Objective To observe the value of tissue motion mitral annular displacement(TMAD)technique to assess left ventricular function in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.Methods A total of 34 adult patients with cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed by pathology were retrospectively included as the observation group,and 32 healthy adults were collected as the control group for the same period.Basic data of the subjects were collected,and data of routine ultrasonic parameters of left ventricular function and TMAD parameters were obtained,and then compared between groups.The correlation of TMAD parameters with left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)or mitral annular plane systolic excursion(MAPSE)were assessed.Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had higher levels of body surface area(BSA),systolic blood pressure,N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),creatinine and urea(all P＜0.05).The observation group had increased values of ascending aorta(AO),left atrium(LA),interventricular septum(IVS),left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole(LVPWD),pulmonary artery(PA),and early diastolic peark velocity of mitral inflow(peak E),while smaller values of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD),LVEF,fractional shortening(FS),early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity E'septal(IVS E')and lateral(LW E')and MAPSE(all P＜0.05),and the LVEF in observation group was(58.18±7.09)％.For TMAD patameters,the observation group had smaller values of the following parameters on apical four chamber(A4C)view as medial displacement of mitral valve annulus(A4C MV1),displacement of lateral mitral valve annulus(A4C MV2),displacement of the midpoint of the mitral valve annulus(A4C Midpt)and the corresponding percentage(A4C Midpt％),as well as smaller values of the following paramets on apical two chamber(A2C)view as A2C MV1,A2C MV2,A2C Midpt and A2C Midpt％(all P＜0.05).In the observation group,A4C Midpt％showed a moderate positive correlation with LVEF(r=0.488,P＜0.05),and A2C Midpt showed a high positive correlation with M APSE(r=0.712,P＜0.05),and A4C MV2,A4C Midpt,A4C Midpt％,A2C MV1,A2C MV2,A2C Midpt％all showed a moderate positive correlation with MAPSE(r=0.420 to 0.691,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with LVEF,the TMAD parameters might reflect the changes in left ventricular systolic function more sensitively in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.

Objective To investigate the association between body mass index(BMI),sex hormone and single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)gene rs2268361 and rs2349415 and its correlation with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 213 PCOS patients and 207 healthy controls,attending the Department of Reproductive Medicine at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,and 32 follicular fluids were randomly collected from each of the PCOS and control groups from March to August 2021.Calculation of BMI of the PCOS and control groups;The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),testosterone(T),progesterone(P)and prolactin(PRL)in peripheral blood of the two groups were detected by immunochemiluminescence method.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and high-resolution melting curve(HRM)were used to analyze the polymorphisms of rs2268361 and rs2349415 in FSHR of the two groups.Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of FSHR gene mRNA in peripheral blood and ovarian granulosa cells.Results There was a strong positive correlation between LH and LH/FSH(r=0.88,P<0.05);The levels of BMI,E2,LH,LH/FSH and T in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05);FSH level was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.001).HRM analysis showed the frequencies of CC,CT and TT genotypes at rs2349415 were 55.9%,34.3%and 9.8%in PCOS group and 68.6%,23.2%and 8.2%in control group,respectively.The frequencies of C and T alleles were 73.0%and 27.0%in PCOS group and 80.2%and 19.8%in control group,respectively.There were significant differences in genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between the two groups(P<0.05);The expression level of FSHR mRNA was higher in ovarian granulosa cells in PCOS group than in control group(P=0.004),the expression level of FSHR mRNA in rs2349415 TT genotype was higher than that in CC(P=0.002)and CT(P=0.035)genotype.Conclusion High levels of BMI, LH, E2 and T allele of rs2349415 increased the risk of PCOS.

Fifteen flavonoids were isolated and identified by macroporous resin column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography from the ethanol extract Turpinia arguta. Their structures of these flavonoids were identified by NMR and mass spectrometry as argutoside F (1), luteolin-7-O-α-L-rhamanopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), nuezhenoside (3), acacetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), apigenin (5), quercetin (6), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), rhoifolin (8), luteolin-7-O-α-L-rhamanopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), acacetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), luteolin (12), neodiosmin (13), apigenin-7-O-rutinoside (14), and quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (15). Compound 1 is new, whereas compound 2, 7, 9, 13-15 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Turpinia species have been used as local Chinese medicines. It has been widely concerned about their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Modern studies showed that the chemical constituents of Turpina species include flavonoids, triterpenoids, megastigans and phenoli acids. Its pharmacological research mainly focused on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and immuneregulation effect. In this paper, the chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of Turpinia species were summarized, in order to provide scientific basis for the further development and utilization of Turpinia species.
Antioxidants ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes

To study sesquiterpenes with anti-metastasis breast cancer activity from Chloranthus henryi, ten sesquiterpenes ,zedoarofuran (1), chlorajapolide D (2), 4β, 8β-dihydroxy-5α(H)-eudesm-7(11)-en-8, 12-olide (3), curcolonol (4), lasianthuslactone A (5), chlomultin C (6), (1E,4Z)-8-hydroxy-6-oxogermacra-1(10), 4, 7(11) -trieno-12, 8-lactone (7), shizukanolide E (8) , shizukanolide F (9) , 9α-hydroxycurcolonol (10), and five bis-sesquiterpenes, shizukaol B (11), shizukaol C (12) , cycloshizukaol A (13) , sarcandrolide B (14) , henriol A(15), were isolated by using different kinds of column chromatography methods from the ethyl acetate part of Ch.henryi and their structures were identified based on spectroscopic methods. Compounds 2, 8, 9, and 10 were obtained from the genus Chloranthus for the first time. Compounds 2, 5, 8-10, 12,and 14 were obtained from this plant for the first time. Some isolated compounds were subjected to evaluate the anti-metastasis breast cancer activity by using pharmacological methods, and only compounds 4, 11, and 12 were potent active.