Nosocomial infection had been the focus conc erned by society at home and abroad since the viral infection such as HIV、HBV and HCV which had seriously threaten the human health worldwide. We should strengthen t he blood products and syringe management and implement sterilization measure，wi th that safe blood starts with me. Because of that quite a few of new human viru ses continually emerged in recent years， control and prevention of nosoc omial viral infection was currently imperative, important and formidable project s and global thorny issue of public health in the 21st century too.

Terpenoids constitute a chemically diverse family of naturally occuring compounds with pharmaceutical significance, such as artemisinin and taxin. They are synthesized in many kinds of microorganisms and plants with very low yield. Metabolic engineering, modifying metabolic pathways of terpenoids-synthesized cells by recombinant DNA techniques, has been developed and applied to improve the production of terpenoids, as well as create a novel biosynthesis pathway of terpenoids in terpenoid-free organisms. The biosynthetic pathway of terpenoids was sumed up, and recent progress of metabolic engineering aiming at raising content of terpenoids in microorganisms and plants was described.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency, safety and complications of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) using Amplatzer and sideris occluder under the guidance of transthoracic echocardiography and fluoroscopy. Methods Fourteen patients of ASD, 6 male and 8 female, age ranged from 2.6 to 43 years old, were treated by transcatheter closure of ASD with Sideris or Amplatzer occluders. All cases were guided by thansthoracic echocardiography and fluoroscopy. Results The diameter of ASD (balloon stretched diameter) was 14-34 mm (24.16 ? 5.16)mm. The Amplatzer devices were used in 9 cases, all of them were successfully occluded with satisfactory results. Of 5 patients treated by Sideris buttoned devices, 4 had success procedure and one failed, in which unbuttoning occurred and retrieval of the device was performed by emergency surgery. Conclusion Transcatheter closure of ASD is a simple and convenient method with a high success rate and reliable curative effect. The indication of Amplatzer method is much wider and the instant success rate after the procedure is much higher than those of Sideris device. Thansthoracic echocardiography plays a key role for guiding transcatheter closure of ASD in this study.

Objective: To compare the extraction efficiency of imperialine extracted with different solvents. Methods: The content of imperialine in the extracts was determined by thin layer chromatography scanning. Results: Among the methods suitable for alkaloid extraction, the solvent ether chloroform 95% ethanol (25∶8∶2.5) is the best for imperialine extraction. Conclusion: The imperialine extraction efficiency is greatly affected by the extraction solvent.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; chemically induced ; Iodipamide ; adverse effects

0.05 compared with group B);ZT and Youjiangtang Tablets had similar effect in promoting the synthesis of hepatic glucose and the release of serum insulin(P

Objective To establish the fingerprint of Yuanshi Shengmai Chenggu (YSC)Tablets by HPLC.Methods Chromatographic conditions of HPLC were as follows: Hypersil ODS2 column with temperature at 20 ℃; methanol and 1 %acetic acid glacial(gradient elution)as a mobile phase; detection wavelength at 268 nm;analytical time being 55 min and flowing rate being 1.0 mL/min.Results Twenty-five peaks were indicated on the HPLC-fingerprint of YSC Tablets. The peak area of vitexin was the biggest area in different batches of YSC Tablets, the area being 22 %～25 %. The differences of fingerprint in different batches of YSC Tablets were not obvious, which indicated the fingerprint characteristics of YSC Tablets.Conclusion The method is simple and accurate and with a good reproducibility and can be used for the quality control of YSC Tablets.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Tiaojing Zhixue Granules.Methods Radix Astragali,Radix Paeononiae Alba,Herba Ecliptae and Fructus Psoraleae in Tiaojing Zhixue Granules were identified by TLC;Paeoniflorin content in Tiaojing Zhixue Granules was determined by HPLC.Results The relevant spots in Radix Astragali,Radix Paenoniae Alba,Herba Ecliptae and Fructus Psoraleae can be identified by TLC.The content of paeoniflorin in Radix Paenoniae Alba can be determined by HPLC.The linearity of paeoniflorin was good in the range of 0.0968 ~ 0.4838 ?g(r = 0.9999).The average recovery of paeoniflorin was 99.71 % with RSD = 1.33 %.Conclusion The established quality standard is simple,feasible and repeatable,and can be used for quality supervisory of Tiaojing Zhixue Granules.

Objective To investigate the relationship between microalbuminuria to estimated glomerular filtration rate (mALB/GFR) ratio and incidence of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) after underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Between March 2010 to August 2011, a total of 137 patients who underwent PCI were selected. Anthropometric measures, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, CRP, base creatinine and microalbuminuria were measured before operation. Glomerular filtration rate was calculated by MDRD formula. Contrast volume (CV) was recorded after the operation for each patient. Serum creatinine was measured 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after operation, respectively. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine levels of 25% or 44 μmol/L or more from baseline within 72 h after PCI. All patients were divided into group A (CIN group) and group B (No CIN group). Results Eighteen (13.1%) patients developed CIN(group A). The others were group B (no CIN group). The level of CRP, base creatinine, microalbuminuria and mALB/GFR in group A were significantly higher than that in group B ( P < 0 . 01 ) . GFR in group A was lower than that in group B (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the level of base creatinine , microalbuminuria GFR and mALB/GFR were independent risk factors of CIN occurrence (P < 0.05). The receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis indicated that a mALB/ GFR ratio of 1.17 was a fair discriminator for CIN,and sensitivity were 94.1%, specifity were 72.5%. Conclusion A mALB/ GFR ratio was a independent predictor of CIN after PCI.

Shanyao (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) is the one of the conventional herbs in the clinical practice, which is good at nourishing yin, and entering the lung, spleen and kidney meridian. Through analysis on all formulae contain-ing Shanyao in past dynasties, we found out the top 30 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs for the highest frequency in combination with Shanyao, among which there were 28 herbs recorded in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (Shen Nong's Classic of the Materia Medica) and 23 herbs were considered as the top grade medicinals. This article was focused on the analysis of the compatibility meaning and rules of Shanyao and supplementing medic-inals in order to provide scientific basis for clinical formulae and daily health cultivation so as to make good use of Shanyao.