Objective To study the percutaneous permeability through mouse skin of lidocaine hydrochloride-loaded destran-based niosomes(LID-HLD-BNs)in vitro and in vivo. Methods HPLC was employed to exam lidocaine hydrochlo?ride. Lidocaine hydro-chloride-loaded conventional liposomes (LID-CLs) and lidocaine hydrochloride injection (LID-IJ) were used as control. Isolated mouse skin was added into Franz diffusion cell to evaluate the permeability of LID-HLD-BNs in vitro. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy(CLSM)was used to observe the permeation depth of mouse skin in vivo. Re?sults The permeation rate and cumulative permeation amount were significantly higher in LID-HLD-BNs group than those of LID-CLs and LID-IJ groups (P<0.05). CLSM studies also confirmed that HLD-BNs reached deeper layers of the skin. Conclusion LID-HLD-BNs has good transdermal ability.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of extra-anatomic prosthesis bypass in the retroperitoneum as a treatment for infected abdominal aortic aneurysms (iAAAs).Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 10 consecutive patients diagnosed with iAAAs and treated by an extraanatomic prosthesis bypass in the retroperitoneum over the past 7 years.All 10 patients were regularly followed up by outpatient observation after their discharge.Results Ten patients with iAAAs underwent an extra-anatomic prosthesis bypass in the retroperitoneum and debridement of the infected aneurysm.An emergency operation was performed for one patient who underwent concomitant gastrointestinal procedures for aortoduodenal fistula,the other 9 cases underwent an elective operation after an intravenous antibiotic therapy for 2-4 weeks.All 10 patients were definitely diagnosed by one or more sequential CT scans combining with other methods.All patients had at least a positive preoperative blood culture or intraoperative tissue culture during the perioperative period,including Salmonella in 5 cases,Burkholderia pseudomallei in 3 cases,Escherichia coli in 1 case,Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1 case.All patients were discharged in 4-6 weeks after their operations.Except 1 case who died 16 months after surgery,all other patients were alive and were free from graft infection during the follow-up period.Conclusions The extra-anatomic prosthesis bypass in the retroperitoneum for treating iAAAs are safe and effective.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of treating infantile diarrhea due to spleen deficiency with five-step pediatric tuina of Huxiang school. Methods:Using a randomized controlled trial design, sixty eligible kids with diarrhea due to spleen deficiency were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The observation group was intervened by the five-step pediatric tuina method of Huxiang school, and the control group received conventional tuina treatment. The intervention was conducted once a day, consecutive 5-day treatment as 1 course, at a 2-day interval between courses, successively for a total of 4 courses. Changes in the primary and secondary symptoms of diarrhea due to spleen deficiency were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results: After treatment, the scores of primary and secondary symptoms and the general score of diarrhea due to spleen deficiency were improved; the improvements in fecal form and frequency, decreased appetite, bloating after meals and fatigue and sluggishness were more significant in the observation group than in the control group. Conclusion: The five-step pediatric tuina method of Huxiang school and conventional tuina both can improve the primary and secondary symptoms in infantile diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, while the former one can produce more significant efficacy.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Male

Needle-sticking method has essential differences from stuck needle induced by acupuncture accident. This manipulation refers to the needle-sticking manifestation induced by twirling the needle in one direction after arrival of qi so as to tangle muscle fibers, which can combined with some compound methods such as trembling, shaking, flying, lifting, plucking, dragging and so on. It is effective for excessive syndrome, pain syndrome, arthralgia syndrome, etc. and with functions of promoting flow of qi and inducing qi to carry out stimulating circulation of channel-qi, promoting the needling sensation propagating along the channel and accelerating qi reaching to the affected region. Its main adverse reactions are pain, tissue damage and so on. The selection of needling instruments, the needling depth, the twirling intensities and location of forbidden or careful application must be paid attention in concrete practice.
Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Needles

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of cake-separated moxibustion in treatment of hyperlipemia.

METHODSSixty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, a blank group,a model group, a direct moxibustion group and a cake-separated moxibustion group. Hyperlipemia model was developed by high fat diet of cholesterol. Changes of ultrastructures of endothelial cells of the aorta of the rabbit were observed with electron microscope.

RESULTSThe endothelial cells in the cake-separated moxibustion group were more intact, most of them were normal in forms, internal elastic membrane was continuous, their thickness was even, the cells of smooth muscles in the medial membrane were relatively normal, which are similar to those in the blank control group. But the structure of endothelial cells of the aorta in the model group disappeared, in cytoplasm the sedimentation of a great number of lipids can be seen, internal elastic membrane was interrupted, the thickness was uneven, with focal dissolution, the cells of smooth muscle in the medial membrane had sedimentation of lipids, with frothy change.

CONCLUSIONCake-separated moxibustion has a certain protective action on endothelial cells of the aorta in the rabbit of hyperlipemia.

Animals ; Aorta ; Endothelial Cells ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lipids ; Moxibustion ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo observe the differences of therapeutic effect of spastic paralysis after stroke between electroacupuncture and acupuncture and explore the mechanism.

METHODSSixty-four cases were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture group (n = 33) and an acupuncture group (n = 31). Both groups were treated with Bobath facilitation techniques and medicine treatments. Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), et al. on the affected side were selected in each group. The needle was retained for 30 min, and the manipulation was applied for 1 min in the acupuncture group, and electroacupuncture was added in the electroacupuncture group. Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS) was adopted to assess the whole function status after sroke, and the contents of glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in serum and clinical efficacy were observed in the two groups.

RESULTSThe SIAS score increased after treatment as compared with that before treatment in either group (both P < 0.01), and the electroacupuncture group was superior to the acupuncture group (P < 0.01); the content of Glu in blood serum and ratio of Glu/GABA reduced, while the content of GABA in serum increased after treatment as compared with those before treatment in either group (all P < 0.01), but the improvement of above indices were much more apparently in the electroacupuncture group as compared with those in the acupuncture group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); the total effective rate of 90.9% (30/33) in the electroacupuncture group was superior to that of 83.9% (26/31) in the acupuncture group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture can improve therapeutic effect of spastic paralysis after stroke, it's mechanism may be ralated to ajusting the contents of Glu and GABA in serum.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Glutamic Acid ; blood ; Muscle Spasticity ; Paralysis ; blood ; therapy ; Stroke ; blood ; therapy ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution features of Chinese medical constitutions in hypertension complicated diabetes patients.

METHODSRecruited were 251 primary hypertension inpatients at the Department of Neurology and the Department of Cardiology, Mindong Hospital of Ningde City from October 2010 to March 2011. They were assigned to two groups according to whether they were complicated with diabetes, i.e., the primary hypertension complicated diabetes (as the case group, 78 cases) and the primary hypertension without complicated diabetes (as the control group, 173 cases). The constitution types were investigated by questionnaire. The constitution type distribution was compared between the two groups. The data including gender, age, and the distribution of the constitution type were compared between the two groups. The levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, Hb, FPG, and ALB were detected on the 2nd day after admission. The levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, Hb, and ALB were compared be- tween the two groups in patients of yin deficiency constitution, phlegm dampness constitution, and qi deficiency constitution.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in the hypertension grading, the disease course, and chronic disease complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). The main constitution types were yin deficiency (accounting for 26.0%), phlegm dampness (accounting for 19.1%), and qi deficiency (accounting for 19.1%) in the control group. The main constitution types were yin deficiency (accounting for 32.1%), phlegm dampness (accounting for 30.8%), and qi deficiency (accounting for 17.9%) in the case group. The ratio of phlegm dampness type in the case group was higher than that in the control group with statistical difference (P = 0.041). There was no statistical difference in the constitution distribution in the same gender between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the constitution distribution in those younger than 80 years between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with those older than 80 years in the control group, the ratio of phlegm dampness was higher, and the ratios of yang deficiency, yin deficiency, qi deficiency, and dampness heat were lower in the case group with statistical difference (P = 0.020). There was no statistical difference in the constitution distribution among different age stages in the case group (P > 0. 05). But there was statistical difference in the constitution distribution among different age stages in the control group (P < 0.05). The yin deficiency and qi deficiency constitutions were dominated in thinner patients of the control group, while yin deficiency constitution was dominated in thinner patients of the case group, showing no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the distribution of constitution type in overweight patients between the two groups (P = 0.458). Compared with those of gentle type constitution in the same group, the levels of TC and LDL-C increased in those of phlegm dampness constitution in the two groups (P < 0.05). The level of TC increased in those of qi deficiency constitution in the case group. The level of Hb decreased in those of qi deficiency constitution in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with those of qi deficiency constitution in the same group, the levels of TC and Hb obviously increased in those of phlegm dampness constitution in the control group (P < 0.05). The level of ALB increased in those of yin deficiency constitution in the case group (P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group, the level of FPG of those of each constitution increased in the case group (P < 0.05) ,.and the level of TC increased in those of qi deficiency constitution (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONSThe main constitution types of hypertension complicated diabetes patients were yin deficiency, phlegm dampness, and qi deficiency. The ratio of phlegm dampness was higher in hypertension complicated diabetes patients than hypertension without complicated diabetes patients. The levels of TC and LDL-C were higher in those of phlegm dampness constitution type. The level of TC was higher in hypertension complicated diabetes patients of qi deficiency constitution.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Complications ; diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; diagnosis ; Essential Hypertension ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; diagnosis ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo evaluated the feasibility, efficacy, and outcome of endovascular repair for descending aortic pseudoaneurysms.

METHODSFrom April 2007 to November 2010, 20 patients of descending aortic pseudoaneurysm were treated. There were 18 male and 2 female, aged from 28 to 82 years with a mean of (58 ± 16) years. In this group, 4 patients were diagnosed as Behçet's syndrome, 6 patients as mycotic pseudoaneurysms with positive blood culture, 6 patients as suspected mycotic pseudoaneurysms, 1 patient with iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm and 1 patient with chronic grain-mononuclear cell leukemia, the other 3 patients with unknown reasons. The 88.5% of aortic pseudoaneurysms were located at abdominal aorta. Fifteen patients underwent endovascular therapy and 2 patients were treated by traditional open surgery. The other 3 patients underwent conservative treatments. The data of treatments and follow-up in the 15 patients who received endovascular repairs were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSEndovascular therapy was performed successfully on the 15 patients, and the technique successful rate was 15/15. Total 15 stents were transluminal placed including 6 bifurcate stent-grafts, 6 abdominal straight stent-grafts, 2 thoracic straight stent-grafts and 1 abdominal bare stent. One patient was treated by stent assisted embolization. Perioperative mortality rate was 0. Only 2 primary type IV endoleaks were found. Fourteen patients were successfully followed up. During a mean follow-up of 538 days, 8 (57.1%) patients were uneventful. Six (42.9%) patients were complicated by aneurysm related events, including 4 (28.6%) aneurysm-related deaths, 1 (7.14%) with delayed endoleak and 1 (7.14%) with recurrent pseudoaneurysm which was retreated by another stent-graft.

CONCLUSIONSEndovascular therapy for descending aortic pseudoaneurysms is a feasible and mini-invasive option with high technique success rate and low perioperative mortality rate. However, risk of recurrence and rupture to death of pseudoaneurysm remains high during follow-up. Treating the underlying reasons and intensively follow-up may be good for improving the prognosis of descending aortic pseudoaneurysms treated by endovascular therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aneurysm, False ; surgery ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents

OBJECTIVESTo summarize the outcome of revascularization for lower limbs thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) and evaluate risk factors affected outcomes.

METHODSBetween January 2008 and December 2011, a consecutive series of 24 TAO patients with lower limb ischemia were underwent revascularization. All the patients were male. The mean age was (33 ± 6) years (24-43 years). All patients presented with history of heavy smoking.Fifteen patients (62.5%) presented with ulcer or gangrene, 7 cases (29.2%) presented with rest pain, the rest 2 cases (8.3%) presented with severe intermittent claudication.Eight cases underwent bypass, including 6 autogenous vein graft, 1 prosthesis graft and 1 hybrid graft; 7 cases underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis combined with angioplasty; 3 cases underwent angioplasty and stenting directly; the rest 6 cases underwent thromboectomy and/or endarterectomy. The technical success, amputation and patency of target vessel were reported.Some risk factors were evaluated by multi-factors regression analysis to identify whether influenced outcomes.

RESULTSSeventeen cases (70.8%) harvested primary technical success. Three cases (12.5%) suffered with major amputation due to failure of revascularization.Eight cases with bypass all were successful, 4 cases with thrombolysis got success, 2 cases with primary angioplasty and stenting got success, while the 3 cases with thromboemctomy and/or endarterectomy got success. Among the 7 failed cases, 3 cases needed major amputation, 2 cases underwent re-operation, and the rest 2 cases got conservation treatment. All the patients had effective follow-up between 1 and 40 months (mean (17 ± 11) months).No death occurred during the follow-up. Primary patency, secondary patency and limb salvage rate were 45.8% (11/24), 62.5% (15/24), and 79.2% (19/24), respectively.Risk factors regression analysis showed patients with ulcer or gangrene before revascularization got significant worse outcomes (Wald = 4.018, P = 0.043) . Bypass could improve outcomes significantly (Wald = 4.016, P = 0.045) .

CONCLUSIONSOutcomes of revascularization for TAO with lower limb severe ischemia are acceptable. Autogenous vein graft bypass should be first choice. Thrombolysis with angioplasty could be a reasonable choice for those had no satisfied autogenous vein graft.

Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Endarterectomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Thromboangiitis Obliterans ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Surgical Procedures