Objective To observe the biomechanical effect of sacroiliac screw fixation with dif-ferent needling points in treatment of extorsion pelvic instabihty so as to provide experimental basis for clinical application. Methods Ten fresh adult pelvis specimens were fixated by sacroiliac screw with needling points B (2.5 cm anterior to posteroinferior iliac spine and 40. cm posterior to greater sciatic notch), A (0.1 cm anterior to the same horizontal plane of point B) and C ( 1.0 cm posterior to the same horinzontal plane of point B). The shifting of the pubic symphysis diastasis and the sacroiliac joint crack under the same extorsion force was measured in integrity ligament group, point A group, point B group and point C group to compare the stability of different needling points. Results In confronting extor-sion force, integrity ligament group and point C group were obviously inferior to point A group and point B group (P<0.05 ) but there was no statistical difference between point B group and point A group (P > 0.05). As for the stability of the sacroiliac joint, there was statistical difference among all groups ( P < 0.05 ), while there was no statistical difference between integrity ligament group and point B group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Point B is the most stable, safe and effective needling point.

Objective The study aimed to investigate the effect of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?induced oxidant stress in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2 cells) and possible underlying mecha?nisms. MethodsHK2 cells were divided into three groups: Control ,LPS and LPS+LXA4 groups. After cells were treated with indicated conditions,morphological changes were observed. The expressions of Nrf2 were detected by immunofluorescence and cells were collected for RT?PCR experiments.Results HK2 cells seemed disrupted and necrotic with the administration of LPS. However ,LXA4 could prevent cells from injury induced by LPS. LPS decreased Nrf2 expression and promoted it to translocate to cytoplasm ,while LXA4 could increase its expression and promote it to translocate to nucleus. Moreover ,LPS could decrease Nrf2 and its downstream molecule mRNA expressions,but LXA4 could reverse this effect. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that LXA4 effectively inhibit?ed HK2 cell oxidant stress via Nrf2 pathway.

Objective To estimate the diagnostic value of interstitial infiltration pattern for early morphea.Methods Twenty-five cases of early morphea pathologically characterized by interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells were collected from 2010 to 2012.The clinicopathological features of these cases were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average clinical course was 7.5 months.The primary manifestation was edematous dark erythematous plaques,and interstitial or mixed infiltrate of inflammatory cells was the characteristic histopathological presentation.After anti-inflammatory treatment,lesions markedly improved or disappeared in 70％ of these patients.Conclusions Interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells is a rare histologic pattern in early morphea.To learn and recognize this pattern may be beneficial to the diagnosis and treatment of early morphea.

Objective To investigate clinical and pathological features of primary cutaneous CD30 + anaplastic large cell lymphoma(PC-ALCL). Methods Clinical and pathological data were collected from 7 patients with PC-ALCL and analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 7 patients, 6 were male and 1 was female, with an average age of 52 years. PC-ALCL was characterized by solitary (n = 3)or multiple (n = 4)erythematous nodules, lumps and/or plaques with (n = 6)or without (n = 1)ulceration. Systemic involvement was observed in none of the 7 patients. Histopathological examination showed diffuse distribution of tumor cells in the dermis, which were large with rich cytoplasm and atypical nuclei. Mitotic figures were seen. An immunohistochemical study of tumor cells showed positive staining for CD30 and cytotoxic protein, but negative staining for CD20, CD56,anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK). Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA in situ hybridization was negative. Conclusions PC-ALCL is a rare primary cutaneous low-grade malignant T-cell lymphoma, which can be confirmed by clinical manifestations as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. It usually has good prognosis with rare systemic involvement and metastasis.

Objective To assess the clinical and histopathological features as well as treatment of Wells syndrome.Methods The clinical and pathological findings from 7 patients with Wells syndrome were retrospectively reviewed.Results Lesions were located on both lower extremities in 4 patients,on the back in 1 patient,on the face and trunk in 1 patient,and on the buttocks in 1 patient.Clinical manifestations included cellulitis (n =3),urticaria (n =1 ),annular plaques (n =1 ) and papulonodules (n =2).Histopathological examination of skin biopsies showed an infiltrate of numerous eosinophils with occasional flame figures in the dermis of all the patients.Leucocytoclastic vasculitis was found in 3 cases.No triggering factors were found in any of the 7 cases.The lesions nearly subsided in 3 patients after 2-week treatment with oral small-dosage prednisone and tripterygium glycosides.Conclusions Wells syndrome shows a wide diversity of clinical manifestations with distinct histological features.Systemic glucocorticoids and tripterygium glycosides are effective for the control of this condition.

Objective To explore the clinicopathologic features of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed.Clinical and histological data were collected from 60 patients with PLEVA.The clinicopathologic features of PLEVA were analyzed.Results Among the 60 patients with PLEVA,32 (53.3％) were aged 2-18 years,and 28 (46.7％) aged 19-49 years.Skin lesions were distributed in a diffuse pattern in 50 (83.3％) patients,in a central pattern in 2 (3.3％) patients,and in a peripheral pattern in 8 (13.4％) patients.Nineteen (31.6％) patients had a history of upper respiratory infection.Histopathological examination revealed liquefactive degeneration of basal cells and perivasculitis in the dermis in all the 60 cases,neutrophil abscess formation in the stratum corneum in 26 (43.3％) cases,keratinocyte necrosis in the epidermis in 41 (68.3％) cases,generalized liquefactive degeneration in 30 (50.0％) cases,migration of lymphocytes into the epidermis in 43 (71.6％) cases,Pautrier's microabscess formation in 2 cases,varying degrees of extravasation of erythrocytes into the epidermis in 46 (76.7％) cases,fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessel walls in the dermis in 3 cases.PLEVA progressed into granuloma fungoides in 1 patient.Twenty patients underwent immunohistochemical examination,and 3 of them showed monoclonal hyperplasia of T cells.Conclusions PLEVA has characteristic clinical manifestations,and the combination of pathological and clinical examination is the gold standard for its diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of BRAFV600E mutation on the invasion capacity of a human melanoma cell line, A375. Methods Plasmids containing short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) specific for BRAF gene were prepared in previous study, and used to transfect A375 cells. Those cells transfected with negative plasmid and untransfected cells served as the controls. Transwell chambers were used to examine the invasion ability of melanoma cells in vitro. RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively, before and after the transfection. The activity of MMP-2 was also studied with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results Compared with the negative control, the specific shRNA decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-2 by 35% and 85%, respectively, and those of VEGF by 45% and 14%, respectively. Additionally, the number of cells invading through Matrigel chambers reduced by 69% in those cells transfected with the positive plasmid. Conclusions The mutant BRAFV600E has the potential to enhance the invasion capacity of melanoma cells, whereas specific shRNA could suppress the increase in metastasis capacity likely by inhibiting the production of VEGF and MMP.

Objective To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) mRNAbinding protein-3 (IMP3) in tissue of benign nevi and malignant melanoma,and to evaluate the role of IMP3 in the development and diagnosis of malignant melanoma.Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to measure the expression of IMP3 in tissue samples from 28 cases of malignant melanoma,8 Spitz nevi,6 dysplastic nevi and 25 benign nevi.Results Immunohistochemically,IMP3 was observed in 23 of 28 melanoma samples,4 of 8 Spitz nevus samples and 2 of 6 dysplastic nevus samples,but not in benign nevus samples.The expression level of IMP3 wag significantly higher in tissue of melanoma than in that of Spitz nevi and dysplastic nevi (both P<0.05),also higher in tissue of aggressive melanoma than that of melanoma in situ(P<0.01).Conclusions IMP3 seems to be a biomarker for the progression of benign nevi to malignant melanoma,and may be utilized to distinguish melanoma from benign nevi.

Objective To investigate the effects of chemokine CCL18 on the proliferation and invasion of a human melanoma cell line A375. Methods Human peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from healthy volunteers, cultured in vitro and divided into two groups to be induced by IL-4 for 48 hours or remain untreated. A375 cells were classified into 3 groups to be cultured with IL-4-induced monocytes, untreated monocytes or CCL18 of 200 g/L for various durations. A375 cells receiving no treatment served as the control.MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferation of A375 cells, chemotaxis test and Matrigel-transwell assay to evaluate the chemotaxis and invasion ability of A375 cells, and chicken chorioalllantoic memebrane (CAM)was used to detect the effect of CCL18 on tumor angiogenesis. Results The proliferation of A375 cells was statistically accelerated by IL-4-induced monocytes and untreated monocytes, but unaffected by CCL18.Matrigel-transwell assay revealed that IL-4-induced monocytes and CCL18 promoted the chemotaxis and invasion ability of A375 cells (all P＜0.05). Tumor angiogenesis was also increased by IL-4-induced monocytes and CCL18 (both P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The chemokine CCL18 can promote the invasion ability of A375 cells and tumor angiogenesis.

ObjectiveTo understand the clinical and histopathologic diagnostic criteria for aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma(AFH).MethodsThe clinical and histopathological features of 5 patients with AFH were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThere were 3 males and 2 females in these patients.All the tumors clinically manifested as dark erythematous or brown nodules.Three cases had a recent history of rapid growth.The lesions were located on the limbs(n =3),or chest and lower mandible(n =2).Histopathological examination of skin biopsies showed typical features of dermatofibroma,accompanied by many irregular cleftlikeorcavernousblood-filledspaceswithnumeroushemosiderinpigmentsinallofthesecases.Immunohistochemically,the tumor cells were immunoreactive to vimentin and CD68 but negative for CD34 or CD31.Conclusions In view of a history of recent rapid growth,the presence of hemorrhagic pseudocysts and high vascularity,AFH should be differentiated from angiosarcoma and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.