Objective To clarify the effect of antiproliferative factor（APF）on the proliferation of bladder cancer cell line T-24.Methods Active or no active APF with different concentrations was added to cultured bladder cancer T-24 cells.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT） assay was used to determine the proliferation of T-24 cells.The expression of c-Jun and HB-EGF were examined by Western blot.Results MTT showed that there was significant difference in the proliferation with the concentration of AFP increased from 0.5 μg /ml to 1.0 μg /ml.Compared with the negative control group,the absorption value of no active APF group showed no change（P 〉 0.05）.Western blot indicated that the c-Jun and HB-EGF expression were down-regulated with the concentration of active APF increased（P 〈 0.05）.No difference in their expression was found in no active APF groups.Conclusion Active APF may decrease the expression of c-Jun and HB-EGF,so as to inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells.Our experiment might provide evidence for the therapeutic applications of APF for the bladder cancer.

ObjectiveTo study the expression of three protein kinase C subforms in renal cell carcinoma.MethodsThe expression of cPKC?,cPKC? Ⅱ and aPKC? in renal cell carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemical method(S-P method) and by in situ hybridization.ResultsPositive rate of cPKC? ?cPKC? Ⅱ and aPKC? was 68.4%,34.2% and 44.7% respectively in renal cell carcinoma.Positive rate of cPKC? in stage T 2～T 4 tumors was 80.9%(17/21) and 52.9%(9/17) in T 1(P 0.05).The positive expression of cPKC? in deadly cases was significantly higher than in survivers (P

Objective To study the diagnosis and management of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. Methods Eighteen patients with extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma were analyzed retrospectively.Among the 18 patients 13(72%) were men.The mean age at diagnosis was 30 years,with a range from 15 to 65 years.All the patients presented with hypertension.Other typical symptoms included headache and dizziness(67%),palpitation and sweating(44%),blurred vision (33%) and hematuria (28%).Of all the patients 89% were diagnosed with urine CA and VMA.Most of the tumors were located at the bladder (39%),para-aorta (28%) and renal hilus(22%). Results All the patients were treated with surgical operation including 14 total resection of tumor,1 simple resection of tumor and 3 biopsy.Two of the 18 cases were malignant according to the post-operative pathologic diagnosis.Five patients recurred 3 months to 10 years after operation. Conclusions The determination of CA and VMA in urine is valuable for the diagnosis and monitoring of postoperative recurrence.Ultrasonography and CT scanning are effective means for tumor localization.The perioperative management of controlling blood pressure and expansion of the blood volume are very important.Surgical extirpation is a good method for the effective treatment.Postoperative long-term follow up is necessary.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of some incidental tumors of the adrenal gland. Methods Incidental primary aldosteronism and incidental Cushing's syndrome were reviewed and studied. Results 9 cases of incidental primary aldosteronism have been detected,5 of which demonstrated serum potassium level near the lower limit of normal range and in other 3 lower than normal.In 4 of the cases the plasma aldosterone was higher than normal and the plasma renin level was near the lower limit of normal range.Antisterone test was effective in 3.11 incidental Cushing's syndrome were detected.Serum cortisone was higher in 3 at 8 Am and in 4 at 4 Pm.In 6 cases,ACTH was slightly lower than normal or close to the lower limit of the normal range.High dose dexamethasone suppression test was undertaken in 3 with positive result in 2.Hormone supplement has been required after adrenalectomy in 4. Conclusions Primary aldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome may be incidentally detected on clinical manifestations,laboratoty findings and imaging examination.Adrenalectomy is indicated if there is autonomous hormone secretion or the tumor is larger than 2 cm in diameter or with trend of increasing in size.

Objective To investigate the levels of specific urine growth factors in interstitial cystitis (IC). Methods ELISA was used to determine levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in urine specimens from women with IC and in asymptomatic controls. Results Urine HB-EGF in IC patients was (2.17?0.21)ng/ml and that of asymptomatic controls (6.59?0.97)ng/ml( P

Objective To analyze the clinical features and summarize diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy for ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO). Methods Two hundred and twenty-two patients with UPJO were treated from 2000 to 2008,including 155 males and 67 females:the age rangeed from 13 to 75 and mean age was 29 years.One hundred and seventy-three cases presented with back pain;19 cases with urine infection;12 cases with abdomen bump;7 cases with macroscopic hematuria;11 cases found by B-ultrasound examine.Etiological factors included 185 patients of ureteropelvic junction stenosis;18 cases of high location of the junction;19 cases which were diagnosed UPJO due to benign oppression,including fiber cords and peculiar vessels.A total of 222 cases of surgical procedures were conducted,of them Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty was conducted for 191 cases,fiber cords and peculiar vessels were relieved for 19,nephrectomy for 12 cases because of nonfunction. Results One hundred and ninety-one cases who underwent Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty were all succeeded with operation.They were followed up for 6 months to 8years with a mean of 38 months.B-ultrasound and IVU showed that hydronephrosis was obviously relieved.The clinical symptoms disappeared in all cases.The levels of serum creatinine of 7 cases who had higher ereatinine recovered. Conclusion Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty could be a good choice and effective method for the treatment of UPJO.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT urography (MSCTU)in kidney tuberculosis. Methods Thirty cases(16 men and 14 women)of kidnev tuberculosis diagnosed by clinic and pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The patients' mean age was 44 years(range,19-73 years).Of them,17 cases were on the left and 13 on the right.Eighteen cases had irritation symptoms,18 cases had low back pain,6 cases had hematuria,2 cases had a fever; renal tuberculosis was incidentally detected in 2,1 case had left scrotal swelling.The enhancement scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction of multi-slice spiral CT were conducted in all patients. Resuits Among the 30 cases,29 cases of renal tuberculosis were diagnosed with CTU(97%).The low density area in renal parenchyma was seen in 25 cases without expansion and fluidify of pelvis,tubercle calcification was seen in 18 cases,the thickening of renal pelvis and ureter wall was seen in 17 cases,the thinning of cortex of kidney was seen in 12 cases,and the contracture of bladder and poor filling was seen in 2 cases.IVU diagnosed 9 cases of renal tuberculosis(30%).Twenty cases of renal pelvis,calyceal failed to show contrast filling. Conclusion MSCTU has advantages in the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis compared with IVU.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combination solifenacin and tamsulosin for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Methods 120 patients (male:100 female:20 age:18-67 yrs) randomly assigned to 4 groups (each group 30) with the calculi diameter range from 0.5 to 1.1 cm.All patients performed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (X ray oriented).The control group did not accept any medical treatment.The solifenacin group were administered solifenacin 5 mg,once per day.The tamsulosin group were administered tamsulosin 0.2 mg,once per day.The combination group were administered solifenacin 5mg,plus tamsulosin 0.2 mg,each per day.The observation duration was set at 2 weeks. Results The stone-free rate (according to KUB) within 2 weeks were 80.0％,83.3％,93.3％ and 96.7％ in the control group,solifenacin group,tamsulosin group and combination group respectively.Statistical differences were significant among the tamsulosin group,the combination group and the control group.The stone expulsion times were (7.6 + 3.7) d,(6.3 ± 2.5) d,(4.4 + 2.3) d and (3.5 ± 2.2) d in the 4 groups respectively.Statistical differences were significant among the tamsulosin group,the combination group and the control group.The uses of analgesics were 13,5,9 and 3 in the 4 groups respectively.The bladder irrtative symptoms were 12,6,4 and 4 in the 4 groups respectively.Statistical differences were also significant for the use of analgesics and relief of bladder irritation between the solifenacin group,the combination group and the control group. Conclusions Tamsulosin and solifenacin could be safe and effective for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.It could significantly improve the stone expulsion rate,relief the pain and improve bladder irrtative symptoms.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of normotensive pheochromocyto-ma. Methods The clinical data of 22 patients with normotensive pheochromocytoma were reviewed. Inclusion criteria for normotensive pheochromocytoma were no previous history of hypertension and episode of symptoms suggesting high blood pressure. The blood pressure on admission was 90-130/ 60-90 mm Hg with an average of 113/72 mm Hg. Seven patients were found adrenal mass by routine ultrasonic examination. Twelve patients presented with superior abdominal or flank pain. Four pa-tients were present with fatigue, and 2 patients had fever. Headache and palpitation were found in 1 patient. Most of patients were present with large and round mass with low density area in the center of the tumor by uhrosonography and CT. Four patients had elevated level of plasma epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. 24 hours urine CA and VMA were elevated in 5 and 4 patients respectively. Seven pa-tients were prepared with infusion preoperatively to expand intravascular volume, and 2 patients were given prazosin 1.5 mg/d for 5 to 7 days. Results During the operation, seventeen patients had ele-vated blood pressure and 5 patients had no changed. One of seven patients with preoperative prepara-tion had obvious hypertension during operation, and 11 of 15 patients without preoperative preparation had obvious hypertension. The tumors were removed successfully in 21 patients. All the patients were diagnosed pheochromocytoma pathologically. Twenty-one patients had normal blood pressure with no recurrence during the follow-up from 1 month to 7 years. Conclusions The patients with normotensive pheochromocytomas may have lower catecholamine in their plasma and urine. The application of α-blockers and the expanding intravascular volume before operation could be important for the patients safe.

Objective To observe the efficacy of mannatide injection and nedaplatin injected in thoracic cavity in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion. Methods Ninety-four patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomly divided into two groups. The observation group of 48 patients were given mannatide injection and nedaplatin,and con-trol group of 46 patients were given only nedaplatin. Effectiveness and adverse reactions were observed after treatment. Results The effective rate was 85.4% in observation group, hihger than that in control group (69.6%)(P<0.05); The incidence rates of gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow and chest pain of observation group were 35.4%,22.9% and 18.8%. Compared with control group, the incidence of observation group had significantly lowered. There were signifi-cant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Mannatide injection combined with nedaplatin is more efficient and less adverse reaction for malignant pleural effusion, so it is worth popularizing.