Objective To investigate the effects of multiple doses of propefol on long-term cognitive function in neonatal rats.Methods Twenty-four 7-day old SD rats weighing 12-16 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 each):group Ⅰ control(C)received intraperitoneal(IP)normal saline(NS)7.5 ml/kg once a day × 7 days:groupⅡ propofol 1(P1)received NS 7.5 ml/kg IP once a day×6 days+propofol 75 mg/kg IP on the 7 th day and group Ⅲ propofol 2(P2)received propefol 75 mg/kg IP once a day × 7 days.Learning and memory function were assessed using Morris water maze when the rats were 4 weeks old.The animals were decapitated immediately after the tests.The cortex and hippocampus were isolated for determination of aspartate (Asp),glutamic acid(Glu),glycine(Gly)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)contents using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results Long-term learning and memory function significantly declined in group P2 as compared with group C and P1.The content of Asp in hippocampus and the Glu content and Glu/GABA ratio in cortex and hippocampus were significantly lower in group P2 than in group C and P1.There was no significant difference in Gly and GABA content in cortex and hippocampus among the 3 groups.Conclusion Multiple doses of propefol decreases long-term cognitive function by decreasing the levels of excitatory amino acid transmitters in the brain in neonatal rats.

ObjectiveTo study the suppressive role of emodin on the growth and its effect on the proliferation cycle and apoptosis of human bladder cancer cell line BIU87.MethodsThe effect of different concentration of emodin at different time point on cell proliferation of BIU87 were measured with methylthiazole (MTT) chromatometry, the cell proliferation cycle were detected with flow cytometry, expressions of bc1-2 and caspase-3 were detected by SP of immunohistochemistry.ResultsWithin a certain range, the higher concentration of emodin (10 ～ 80 μg/ml) and the longer action time are positive related the more significant inhibition of tumor cell growth and the higher apoptosis rate [(9.84 ± 1.13)％, (18.32 ±2.14)％ ,(29.73+1.42)％ ,(42.13 +2.36)％ ,respectively].Compared with control group [(2.01 ±0.92)％], the differences were statistically significant(F =531.85, P ＜0.01).Emodin could inhibit the proliferation of human bladder cancer cell BIU87 by blocking BIU87 cell in G0/G1 stage, thus cut down cell proportion in stage of S [(33.27 +1.26)％ ,(29.17 ±1.39)％, (16.94 ±0.86)％ ,(10.85 ± 1.47)％,respectively], compared with the control group [(35.45 ± 0.38) ％], the differences were statistically significant(F =524.64, P ＜0.01).After 48 h of emodin treatment, the bc1-2 expression(Grayscale values:122.65 + 2.12,131.37 ± 1.62,134.81 ± 1.36,145.55 ± 2.01, respectively) was decreased and the caspase-3 expression(Grayscale values : 135.26 + 1.41,130.22 ± 1.74,126.11 ± 1.77,118.36 + 1.53, respectively) was increased in a dose dependent manner.Compared with control group (Grayseale values:108.42 + 3.73,149.35 ± 1.82, respectively), the differences were statistically significant (F = 216.23,224.83, P ＜0.01).ConclusionsEmodin could significantly inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of BIU87 cells in vitro, which may be through down regulation of bc1-2, and up regulation of caspase-3, and blocking BIU87 cell in G0/G1 stage.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of emodin on hetertransplanted human bladder cancer in nude mice and explore its mechanism.Methods Heterotransplanted models of human bladder cancer cell line BIU87 cells in nude mice were established.The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups during the experiment:blank control group,Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group and emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group.The growth of tumors was observed and the growth curve was mapped.The nude mice were sacrificed 4 weeks later,the tumors were isolated and weighed.The pathological changes of tumor were observed after HE staining,the cells apoptosis were detected with flow cytometry,and the expression of AIF and Endo G were examined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Results The tumor growth rate in emodin group was lower than that in the other three groups.The tumor quality in emodin group [(0.41 ± 0.05 ) g] and emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group [( 0.69 ±0.07)g]were lighter than that in the other two groups[(1.08 ±0.13,1.04 ±0.09)g,],and the differences were statistically significant( F =90.56,27.49,P ＜0.01 ).The quality difference in emodin group and emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group was statistically significant ( t =10.01,P ＜ 0.01 ).The apoptosis rate in emodin group [(42.71 ±2.69)％]was significantly higher than that in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group[(34.38 ± 1.73)％] ( t =6.38,P ＜0.01 ).The expression of AIF and Endo G in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group was significantly increased than other groups [( 1.65 ±0.12)vs(1.24±0.08),(0.51 ±0.07),(0.48 ±0.04);(2.12 ±0.16)vs(1.75 ±0.13),(0.57 ±0.06),(0.59±0.07);(2.42±0.13)vs(1.73 ±0.11),(0.78 ±0.07),(0.75 ±0.08);(3.13 ±0.25)vs(2.15± 0.18 ),(0.85 ± 0.09 ),(0.81 ± 0.14 )],and the differences were significant ( F =303.22,319.32,409.38,258.53,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Emodin could significantly inhibit the growth of hetertransplanted human bladder cancer in nude mice.The mechanism might be partly due to the expression increase of AIF and Endo G in bladder cancer cells,which might induce apoptosis through Caspase-independent pathway.

Objective To study the effects of emodin on apoptosis and mRNA and protein of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and Endonuclease G (Endo G) in human bladder cancer cells BIU87,and to investigate the anticancer mechanism of emodin. Methods The BIU87 cells were divided into 4 groups,control group,Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group,emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group.The effects of different concentrations of emodin at different action time on cells proliferation of BIU87 in vitro culture were measured by methylthiazole (MTT) chromatometry,the cells apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,and expression of AIF and Endo G were examined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Results MTT assay demonstrated that the higher concentration of emodin and the longer action time,the more significant inhibition of tumor cell growth.Based on the IC50 value,80 μmol/L and 72 h of emodin intervention were selected as an intervention condition.The apoptosis rate in emodin group (44.57 ± 1.52 ) ％was significantly higher than that in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group (35.58 ± 1.61 ) ％ ( P ＜0.01).RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the mRNA and protein of AIF in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group,control group,Z-VAD-FMK group were ( 1.74 ± 0.11 ) and (2.59 ±0.13),(1.36±0.08) and (1.89±0.14),(0.37 ±0.02) and (0.53±0.11),(0.42 ±0.06) and (0.44 ± 0.07),respectively.There were significant differences between emodin group and the other groups (P ＜0.01 ).The mRNA and protein of Endo G in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group,control group,Z-VAD-FMK group were (2.28±0.15) and (3.31 ±0.36),(1.85 ±0.13) and (2.15 ±0.27),(0.53 ±0.07) and (0.71 ±0.16),(0.61 ±0.04) and (0.67 ±0.22),respectively.The differences were significant between emodin group and the other groups ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Coneltusion Emodin can upgrade the expression of AIF and Endo G in bladder cancer cells BIU87,which can induce apoptosis through Caspase-independent pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of FNR on type Ⅲ secretion system (T3SS) in E.coli O157 ∶ H7.Methods fnr mutant was constructed by λRed recombineering technology promoted by Bet and Exo proteins using PCR products.Results Through bacterial infection assays and immunofluorescence microscopy,it was found that the adhesion ability was decreased insignificantly infnr mutant compared to the wild type ZAP198.However,the secreted proteins were reduced significantly in the mutant from the secretion profile.Conclusion The reason might be that high ClpXP protein caused by the deletion of fnr degraded GrlA resulting in the inhibition of LEE(locus of enterocyte effacement) and T3SS.

Objective To explore the relationship between the retinal changes with pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome(PIH) and prognosis of maternity and fetus.Methods The fundus of 220 patients with moderate and severe PIH were examined and analyzed.Results All patients had fundus changes and the fundus changes were positively related with the degree of PIH(P

Objective To evaluate the efficiency and clinical value of modular flexible ureteroscope combined with Holmium laser lithotripsy for treatment of renal calculi. MethodsA total of 46 patients with renal calculi were treated with modular flexible ureteroscope combined with Ho:YAG lithotripsy in our hospital from December 2009 to May 2011.There were 19 cases in middle and upper calyx,8 cases in lower calyx,15 case in renal pelvic,and 4 cases in multiple calyxes.The calculi diameter ranged from 6mm to 31 mm (average in 15 ± 7.9 mm).Flexible ureteroscope was used to find renal calculus under epidural anesthesia,and Holmium laser lithotripsy was used at a maximum energy of 12 to 20W (0.8 - 1.0 J/15 -20Hz).F5 or F6 double-J tubes and catheters were indwelled routinely postoperatively.-examine with KUB and removethe catheter 2 days after operation.Re-examine with B-ultrasonography or KUB 4 weeks after op-eration to evaluate the stone free rate.Residual stones ≥4 mm were regarded as clinical significance of residual stone fragments. Results 45 operations were successful except one case changed to percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) because of ureteral stricture.The operation time was 45 -150 min (average in 110.4 ±25.3 min).The patients were discharged from hospital in 2 -5 days(average in 3 days) after operation.The stone detection rate was 95.6％ (44/46),and the stone free rate was 86.9％ (40/46) after one operation. No severe complications such as ureteral perforation or hemorrhea occurred. Conclusions Modular flexible ureteroscope combined with Holmium laser lithotripsy is effective and safe for treatment ofrenal calculi,meanwhile it can decrease the high maintenance costs of integrated flexible ureteroscope.

Objective To compare the efficacy and complications of Chinese Shang Ring circumcision with conventional circumcisiom Methods Clinical data of 479 cases of Chinese Shang Ring circumcision and 354 cases of conventional circumcision with complete follow-up were analyzed.Comparisons were made between the two groups on operation time,pain score,blood loss,postoperative complications,postoperative satisfaction with penile appearance,wound healing time and treatment costs. Results There was no statistical difference in age and foreskin status between the two groups (P＞0.05).For the Shang Ring group,the operation time was(5±1)rain,blood loss was (0.98±1.14)ml,pain score during operation was 0.25±0.54,24-hour pain score after operation was 1.63±0.87,the postoperative complication rate was 6.89% (33/479),wound healing time was (20±5)d,the satisfaction rate of appearance was 99.79% (478/479),and treatment cost was (871±52) yuan.For the conventional group,the operation time was (27±5) min,blood loss was (8.30±3.60)ml,pain score during operation was 3.29±1.57,24-hour pain score after operation was 5.56±1.42,the postoperative complication rate was 13.28%(47/354),wound healing time was (13±2)d,satisfaction rate of appearance was 92.37% (327/354),and treatment cost was (554±46) yuan.Compared with the conventional group,the Shang Ring group had a shorter operation time,less blood loss,less pain score,higher appearance satisfaction rate and a lower complication rate (P＜0.05).But wound healing time was longer and treatment cost was higher in the Shang Ring group (P＜0.05). Conclusions Chinese Shang Ring circumcision is simpler and an improved approach over conventional circumeision with shorter operative time,less blood loss,less pain,relatively lower complication rate and higher satisfaction and acceptability.

BACKGROUND:At present,experimental animal models of primate idiopathic scoliosis with erect feet have not been established.With rapid development of computer and imaging,we can use computer software to simulate models of human idiopathic scoliosis,and do relevant biomechanical analysis and provide instructions for clinical surgery operation.OBJECTIVE:To research the best surgical fusion level for the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) of PUMC Ⅱ d_2 with the finite element model (FEM).DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The compadson observation was performed at the Department of Orthopedics,Beijing Union Hospital from May 2007 to May 2008.PARTICIPANTS:One female patient with PUMC Ⅱ d_2 scoliosis (double curve malformation) was included.METHODS:FEM (T5-S) of PUMC Ⅱ d_2 idiopathic scoliosis was used to simulate upper thoracic curve,lower lumbar curve and double curve fusion manners.Hollow lateral curvature pedicle of vertebral arch received 50,100,150 N load.Displacement of T_5 and T_(11) on upper sagittal plane (displacement of Z axis positive value on upper sagittal plane,displacement of negative value on lower sagittal plane) and their difference value were compared.T_5 displacement represented outcomes of double curve orthopaedics.T_(11) displacement represented outcomes of lower lumbar curve orthopaedics.Their difference value (T5-T11) represented outcomes of upper thoracic curve orthopaedics.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Different fusion segments and displacement of T_5 and T_(11) under different orthopedic forces were measured.RESULTS:In PUMC Ⅱ d_2 lateral curvature,T_5 displacement on Z axis:fusion displacement of double curves was greater compared with upper curve alone or lower curve alone (P < 0.01 ).Difference of T_5-T_(11) displacement:double curves orthopaedics > upper thoracic curve orthopaedics alone > lower lumbar curve orthopaedics alone (P < 0.01).Displacement of T_(11) on Z axis:double curves orthopaedics > lower lumbar curve orthopaedics alone > upper thoracic curve orthopaedics alone (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:Fusing two curves would get the best effect on the AIS of PUMC Ⅱ d_2 compared with upper curve alone or lower curve fusion alone.Effects of 3 kinds of load on correction of upper thoracic curve:double curve orthopaedics < upper thoracic curve orthopaedics alone > lower lumbar curve orthopaedics alone.Effect of 3 kinds of load on correction of lower lumbar curve orthopaedics alone:double curve orthopaedics > lower lumbar curve orthopaedics alone > upper thoracic curve orthopaedics alone.Three-dimensional finite element analysis is an effective method to analyze biomechanics of scoliosis deformity correction and provides a virtual non-invasive verification manner,and can optimize surgery scheme.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy,indications and complications of transcatheter arterial embolization for the treatment of traumatic hemorrhage of liver.Methods Retrospectively analyzed 33 cases of traumatic hemorrhage of liver admitted to West China Hospital from May 1996 to May 2006.Twenty-four cases underwent hepatic arterial angiography and were diagnosed as hepatic arterial pseudoaneurysms and followed by superselective embolization of the feeding vessel with gelatin sponge and/or spring coils.Results Embolization was succeeded technically in 28 pseudoaneurysms of 24 cases.Rebleeding occurred in 2 cases and a second embolization was performed with one recovered uneventfully.The other died of rebleeding and severe abdominal infection one week after the second embolization.Fever unrelated to embolization occurred in 9 cases.Conclusion Transcatheter arterial embolization is safe,prompt and effective for the treatment of hemorrhage due to hepatic injury.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:226-228)