The protection model of intellectual property rights for traditional village culture were studied by investi-gating its current situation , related problems and why they exist in Yongzhou City , Hunan Province , China .

After an evaluation system of intellectual property rights in tea industry was constructed according to the investigation of literature and networks , the development of intellectual property rights in tea industry of China from 2004 to 2013 was analyzed , which showed that although the comprehensive strength of intellectual property rights in tea industry of China has steadily increased , a number of problems still exist such as its copyright , trademark rights, geographical indications, intangible cultural heritage, and new plant strain rights.Further analysis of patent invention rights, practical patents, and outward appearance designs showed that the number of tea processing patent inventions is the largest with a stable patent right, followed by tea processing and tea sets, tea sets and tea pack-age.Suggestions were put forward for the development of intellectual property rights in tea industry of China.

Indicators for evaluation of Chinese medicine intellectual property rights evaluation system were selected interms of patent right, copyright, trademark right, geographical mark, protection of Chinese medicine, and intangible cultural heritage to construct a Chinese medicine intellectual property rights evaluation system which is consisted of 6 class A,15 class B and 18 class C indicators .Domestic data of Chinese medicine intellectual property rights were col-lected from 2004 to 2013,the weight of each evaluation indicator was determined using standard deviation method,and the evaluation system was studied according to the weighted TOPSIS method with its rationality and practicality validated.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of internal fixation with or without fusion in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.Methods Clinical controlled trails related to the application of pedicle screw instrumentation with or without fusion for thoracolumbar fractures before March,2012were obtained by searching PubMed,Science Direct,Medline and CNKI.Quality evaluation was made on the included literature,from which data were extracted to integrate various rescarch results by using RevMan 5.1.The quantitative data were analyzed based on the effect scale of mean difference (MD) and bilateral 95％ confidence interval (CI).The numeration data were analyzed in the use of effect scale of odds ratio (OR) and bilateral 95％ CI.The merging of some data was manually completed.Results After retrieving,eight English and one Chinese papers of the clinical controlled trials,and two related Meta analysis were obtained.With exclusion of one repetitive research,eight papers were involved in the review.Meta analysis demonstrated that fusion and non-fusion fixation had no significant differences in aspects of correction of kyphotic angle,correction and correction loss of vertebral body height,neurological function improvement,complication rate,and length of hospital stay.While compared with the fusion fixation,non-fusion fixation showed a more serious correction loss of kyphotic angle,a fewer blood loss and a shorter operation time.Conclusions Non-fusion fixation shows the similar efficacy with fusion fixation in the treatment of some thoracolumbar burst fractures pertaining to releasing compression,restoring spinal stability and preventing complications,but it can also significantly decrease operation time and blood loss.Furthermore,non-fusion fixation may markedly improve patients' quality of life since it restores motion of the instrumented segment after removal of implant and decreases the risk of adjacent segmental degeneration.

Objective To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy of iliac bone block allograft in anterior reconstruction of thoracolumbar fractures.Methods A follow-up study was carried out on 93 patients with thoracolumbar fractures treated by anterior decompression and interbody fusion with iliac bone block allograft from February 2004 to March 2007.The radiographic and clinical outcomes were retrospectively assessed.Results Sixty-six patients were followed up for 60-97 months (mean,78 months).The effective interbody fusion rate was 100％,with the fusion time of 6-12 months (mean,10 months).The Cobb' s angle corrected from pre-operative (21.6 ± 8.3)° to post-operative (5.8 ±5.2)°,but when the infusion became effective,the angle showed average loss of 2.4°.All the 66 patients were associated with various degrees of neurological deficiency,but the patients with incomplete nerve dysfunction obtained different degree of recovery.Conclusions Iliac bone block allograft is effective in reconstruction of spinal anterior-middle column stability with the aid of internal fixation instruments.Thereby,it may be a potential alternative to autograft in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures and can attain early and late stage persistent spinal stability.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into an inventory method of high efficiency and quality for PIVAS.METHODS:Data processing and calculation were carried out using Excel based on the information system of PIVAS.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Digital inventory greatly improves the efficiency and quality of inventory.Under the condition of same workload and same number of staff,working time of digital inventory is 60% less than that of traditional inventory.And consistent rate between material and account is increased by 5%.

Objective To set the criteria of mild spinal tuberculosis and investigate the ettect of standard chemotherapy regimen for further establishing the clinical classification of spinal tuberculosis and standardizing management.Methods According to the criterion,a total of 89 patients with mild spinal tuberculosis were enrolled for outpatient conservative management and follow-up.Ambulant treatments were carried out in all patients,including nutrition support and standard chemotherapy regimen.The regimen was consisting of four first-line antituberculosis drugs (rifampicin,isoniazid,ethambutol and pyrazinamide).All patients were followed up one month later,then every 3 months for the following 12 months,and subsequently at intervals of half a year.The clinical manifestations,kyphosis progression,neurological status,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and liver function were analyzed.Results A mean of 30.62± 13.20 (range,18-46) months' follow-up was achieved in 85 patients,whose tuberculosis lesions were cured completely.Another 4 patients,who were diagnosed with drug-resistant tuberculosis later,had underwent surgery for progressive bone destruction and no response to chemotherapy.The mean visual analogue scale score and Cobb's angle was 5.6± 1.6 and 6.25°±3.11° before chemotherapy,and 2.1 ± 1.1 and 12.36° ±6.31 °at the last follow-up time,respectively.Signals of vertebral body and intervertebral disc returned to normal in 6 patients,while solid bony fusion of adjacent segment was achieved in 79 patients.Asymptomatic mild kyphosis was observed in 69 patients.2 patients with sinus before treatment all healed.No neurological deficit was found.Conculusion For patients early diagnosed with mild spinal tuberuclosis,standard chemotherapy regimen could work safely and effectively for healing the tuberculous lesion,avoiding surgery as well as preventing kyphosis,vertebral instability and neurological deficit.Mild spinal tuberculosis that was early diagnosed could be considered as a subtype of spinal tuberculosis.

The United Kingdom is the longest-serving community in the welfare states, and has been serving for more than sixty years so far. The construction of community care service supply model in the United Kingdom is deeply influenced by the neo-liberalism and neo-managerialism, which dominated the reform and development of pur-chasing community care services. Presently, China is actively promoting the government to purchase pension services of public health care combined with the long-term care, especially policy and determination of community-based de-velopment of an elders' service model. Based on the purchased services experience of the United Kingdom combined with the situation in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions such as the repositioning the role of the govern-ment, actively supporting the development of civil service organizations and perfecting the legal system of care serv-ices to be purchased, supporting the development of proposals to reduce the burden on the government and enhance the efficiency of care services through improving their quality.

Objective To observe the osteogenic effect of tissue-engineered bone constructed by poly-L-lysine-demineralized bone matrix (PLL-DBM) enriched bone marrow stem cells in the space of goat transverse process bone fusion model and explore a new tissue-engineered bone construction method. Methods PLL was used to decorate goat DBM to prepare a matrix material (PLL-DBM). The osteo-genic effect of tissue-engineered bone constructed by PLL-DBM enriched bone marrow cells ( Group Ⅰ A) was detected in goat lumbar intertransverse graft bone model; autogenous iliac bone (Group Ⅰ B), DBM enriched bone marrow (Group Ⅱ C) and DBM (Group Ⅱ D) were used as controls. The osteogenesis of the bones in the fused segments of four groups were compared and evaluated by X-ray, three-dimensional CT, CT value testing and biomechanical testing. Results The results of X-ray showed that the fusion ranges in groups ⅠA and ⅠB were basically the same, which were significantly wider than that in Group Ⅱ, with no fusion detected in Group Ⅱ D. The CT value was (696.76±10275) HU in Group Ⅰ A and (766.03±69.24) HU in Group B, which were significantly higher than that in Group Ⅱ C (P <0.05), but there was no statistical difference in CT value between Groups Ⅰ A and Ⅰ B (P > 0.05). The CT val-ue in Group Ⅱ C was significantly higher than in Group ⅡD (P <0.01). There was no statistical differ-ence between Groups Ⅰ A and Ⅰ B in the maximum load and bending strength (P > 0.05). The maxi-mum load and bending strength in Groups Ⅰ A and Ⅰ B were significantly higher than that in Group Ⅱ C (P < 0.05), and the two indices in Group Ⅱ C were significantly higher than that in Group Ⅱ D (P <0.01). Conclusion Tissue-engineered bone constructed by PLL-DBM enriched bone marrow cells is an ideal tissue engineered bone and its osteogenic potential is similar to that of autologous bone.

Background and purpose: Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy is a major clinical obstacle to successful treatment and leads to poor prognosis for the patients. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a vital role in tumor cells response to chemotherapeutic agents. This study plans to investigate the expressions of miRNA27a and miRNA451 in ovarian cancer and breast cancer cells and its correlation with drug resistance. Methods:A2780/Taxol cells were established using stepwise selection;Stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR (stem-loop RT-PCR) was used to detect expression of miRNA27a and miRNA451 in ovarian cancer and breast cancer cells. The A2780 and A2780/Taxol cells were transfected with the mimics or inhibitors of miRNA27a or negative control (NC) RNA and the mimics of miRNA451 or NC were transfected into MCF-7/ADM cells by LipofectamineTM 2000. The expression levels of MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were examined using RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. MTT method was used to analyze drug sensitivity. Results:The expression of miRNA27a was an average of (2.2±0.30) times higher in A2780/Taxol cells than in A2780 cells, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The expression of miRNA451 was lower by 84%in MCF-7/ADM cells than in MCF-7 cells, with a signiifcant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). A2780/Taxol cells transfection with inhibitors of miRNA27a showed that the levels of MDR1 mRNA was decreased by (39±0.14)%, P-gp level [(26±5.3)%] decreased compared with the NC group [(43±6.7)%], the IC50 (0.53μmol/L) was less than the NC group (6.8μmol/L), and there was a signiifcant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Transfection of A2780 cells with mimics of miRNA27a led to increase MDR1 mRNA expression by (121±0.11)%and decrease the sensitivity to paclitaxel (IC50:0.2μmol/L vs 0.06μmol/L). There was a signiifcant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Transfection of MCF-7/ADM cells with mimics of miRNA451 showed that expression of MDR1 mRNA was decreased by (65±12)%, P-gp [(31±19)%] was less than the NC group [(83±12)%], the sensitivity of cells to adriamycin enhanced and the IC50 of adriamycin (4.61μmol/L) was less than the NC group (26μmol/L), and there was a signiifcant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:The expressions of miRNA27a and miRNA451 are deregulated in A2780/Taxol and MCF-7/ADM cells respectively, which may play vital roles in drug resistance by regulating MDR1/P-gp expression directly or indirectly.