Objective To investigate the methods of recording EMGscm and its significance in monitoring of central drive.Methods Three methods of collecting EMGscm were compared.The subjects were asked to re-breath until the highest PCO2-ET was reached and the EMGscm,Flow,VT(tidal volume),Ttot(Total time of respiratory cycle),and PCO2-ET were measured during the re-breathe.Results (1)The EMGscm did not appeared until the PCO2-ET reached the value of(48.2?2.6)mm Hg.The value of PCO2-EThighest was(81.2?6.6)mm Hg.(2)As the PETCO2 increased,the Ttot became shorter and shorter,from(2.91?0.85)s to(1.92?0.39)s,while the VT became higher and higher,from(0.68?0.27)L to(2.21?0.37)L.There was a statistical relationship between the Ttot(or VT)and the PCO2-ET,and their correlative coefficient was respectively(0.86?0.12)and(0.89?0.13)(both P

Objective To establish hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cell lines which olig-expressed IGF1R gene stably.Methods An eukaryotic expressing vector pSUPER-IGF1R-siRNA that could block IGF1R expressing was transferred into hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC7721 and Hep3B with Lipofectamine 2000 reagents.After transferred,cells were selected with G418 to obtain positive clones.The expressions of IGF1R,cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western-blot.Cell growth curve were painted.Results Two cell lines clones were screened olig-expressing IGF1R gene stably.The experimental cell lines grew more slowly than control cell lines and the expression of cyclin D1 decreased(P

Objective: To evaluate the association between autoimmune diseases (ADs) and thyroid dysfunction using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Genetic predictors of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were collected through the UK Biobank, including 337 159 individuals and 10 894 596 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic predictors of 6 ADs including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and multiple sclerosis (MS) were collected through the GWAS Catalog database, including 14 267 individuals and 7 071 163 SNPs, 22 647 individuals and 99 962 SNPs, 24 840 individuals and 12 783 129 SNPs, 58 284 individuals and 13 108 512 SNPs, 13 239 individuals and 1 124 241 SNPs, and 38 589 individuals and 156 632 SNPs. MR analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. The horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using the MR-Egger regression, and sensitivity analysis was conducted with the leave-one-out. Results: IVW results showed that a higher risk of hypothyroidism was associated with T1DM (OR=1.007, 95%CI: 1.003-1.011, P<0.05), SLE (OR=1.005, 95%CI: 1.002-1.009, P<0.05), and RA (OR=1.013, 95%CI: 1.009-1.016, P<0.05); a higher risk of hyperthyroidism was associated with T1DM (OR=1.002, 95%CI: 1.001-1.003, P<0.05) and SLE (OR=1.002, 95%CI: 1.001-1.003, P<0.05). Conclusions Genetically predicted ADs are associated with an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction. A higher risk of hypothyroidism is associated with T1DM, SLE and RA; a higher risk of hyperthyroidism is associated with T1DM and SLE.

Objective To investigate the applied value of computed radiography(CR) system in intravenous pyelography in children.Methods Intravenous pyelography were carried out by CR and traditional intensifying screen/film in 45 children respectively.The diagnostic specificity between CR and traditional intensifying screen/film was compared.Results Urinary system in children could be displayed well by CR,the quality of CR films was ensured.The diagnostic corresponding rate was 86.7% and 59.1% by CR and traditional intensifying screen/film respectively.Conclusion CR is of significance value in diagnosis of urologic diseases in children.

AIM: To investigate the application of phrenic nerve conduction time(PNCT) in the recovery of general anaesthesia. METHODS: Pdi (t) and PNCT were measured by cervical magnetic stimulation of phrenic nerves in 8 patients before and after the administration of muscle relaxant. RESULTS: Pdi (t) was reduced from (23.7?2.4) cmH 2O to (11.5?3.4) cmH 2O (reduction rate: 51.5%, P

Objective To analyze the feasibility of body surface electrodes instead of multipair esophageal electrodes for the evaluation of neural respiratory drive in patients with COPD. Methods Diaphragm electromyo-gram(EMG)from body surface electrodes and multipair esophageal electrodes,was recorded in 29 patients with stable COPD recruited from outpatient clinic. Changes of neural respiratory drive of two kinds of electrodes during resting and maximal isocapnic ventilation (MIV) were observed before and after inhalation of bronchodilators. Results Ventilation significantly improved ,RMS-sur and RMS-eso significantly decreased after the inhalation of bronchodilators during resting and MIV. RMS-sur and RMS-eso were significantly correlated(r=0.660,P<0.01). Conclusion EMG from the surface electrodes may be a useful and noninvasive technique to evaluate neural respi-ratory drive in patients with COPD.

The endpoint detection of cough signal in continuous speech has been researched in order to improve the efficiency and veracity of manual recognition or computer-based automatic recognition. First, using the short time zero crossing ratio(ZCR) for identifying the suspicious coughs and getting the threshold of short time energy based on acoustic characteristics of cough. Then, the short time energy is combined with short time ZCR in order to implement the endpoint detection of cough in continuous speech. To evaluate the effect of the method, first, the virtual number of coughs in each recording was identified by two experienced doctors using the graphical user interface (GUI). Second, the recordings were analyzed by automatic endpoint detection program under Matlab7.0. Finally, the comparison between these two results showed: The error rate of undetected cough is 2.18%, and 98.13% of noise, silence and speech were removed. The way of setting short time energy threshold is robust. The endpoint detection program can remove most speech and noise, thus maintaining a lower rate of error.
Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Cough ; physiopathology ; Endpoint Determination ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Sound

Objective:To evaluate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling pathway in 17β estradiol-induced reduction of long-term cognitive impairment induced by multiple propofol anesthesia in developing rats.Methods:Eighty 7-day-old clean-grade healthy newborn Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 11-17 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), propofol group (group P), 17β estradiol plus propofol group (EP group) and 17β estradiol plus propofol plus BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway blocker K252a group (K group). Propofol 80 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected every day for 5 days in P, EP and K groups.The equal volume of fat emulsion was given instead in group C. In EP and K groups, 17β estradiol 600 μg/kg was subcutaneously injected at 30 min before propofol injection.BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway blocker K252a 100 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in group K. Morris water maze test was performed on days 30-34 after birth to assess the cognitive function.The rats were sacrificed after the end of Morris water maze test, and the hippocampal tissues were removed for determination of the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons (by flow cytometry), expression of BDNF, p-Trkb and cleaved caspase-3 (by Western blot and immunofluorescence), and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region (with a light microscope). Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio was calculated. Results:Compared with group C, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the expression of BDNF and p-TrkB was down-regulated, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were increased ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were accentuated in group P. Compared with group P, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was increased, the expression of BDNF and p-TrkB was up-regulated, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was down-regulated, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were decreased( P<0.05), and the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were attenuated in group EP.Compared with group EP, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the expression of BDNF and p-TrkB was down-regulated, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were increased( P<0.05), and the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were accentuated in group K. Conclusions:BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway is involved in 17β estradiol-induced reduction of long-term cognitive impairment induced by multiple propofol anesthesia in developing rats.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic characteristics of population with gout achieving treat-to-target (T2T) indicators through real-world research and evaluate their safety.Methods:A total of 3 287 patients diagnosed with gout by rheumatologists in 21 first-class tertiary hospitals in 10 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from January 2015 to December 2021 were included in this polycentric cross-sectional study. The database included patients′ general information, disease characteristics, and clinical application of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment measures. SPSS and Excel software were used for data analysis. Frequency analysis, cluster analysis, and factor analysis were used to summarize the characteristics and rules of treatment measures for patients with gout who achieved the target after treatment. The occurrence of adverse events (AE) was recorded during treatment.Results:After treatment, 691 visits (7%) achieved the serum urate (SUA) target, and the most frequent use of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) was febuxostat, followed by benzbromarone. The most common treatment options were following: GroupⅠ: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction-TCM external treatment-physical exercise-proprietary Chinese medicine; GroupⅡ: ferulic acid-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); Group Ⅲ: allopurinol-sodium bicarbonate-benzbromarone; Group Ⅳ: glucocorticoid-colchicine; Group Ⅴ: febuxostat. A total of 5 898 visits (60%) chieved manifestations of joint pain VAS scores target, and the most frequently used drug to control joint symptoms was NSAIDs. The frequency of use of drugs to control joint symptoms were 2 118 times (usage rate reached 35.9%), while the frequency of ULT were 2 504 times (usage rate reached 42.5%), which was higher than the joint symptom control drug. The most common treatment options were following: Group Ⅰ: proprietary Chinese medicine-TCM decoction-TCM external treatment-physical exercise; Group Ⅱ: NSAIDs-colchicine hormones; Group Ⅲ: allopurinol, Group Ⅳ: benzbromarone; Group Ⅴ: febuxostat. A total of 59 adverse events occurred during treatment.Conclusion:The proportions of gout patients who reach target serum urate level & good control of joint symptoms are both very low, and ULT and anti-inflammatory prescription patterns are very different from international guidelines, so it is necessary to strengthen the standardized management of gout patients. At the same time, life intervention measures account for a certain proportion of the treatment plans for the T2T population, and further exploration is needed.

Screening and evaluating the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） will help to highlight the advantages of TCM treatment， and the evaluation method should be standardized with consideration to the unique characteristics of the diseases. The incidence of Sjögren's Syndrome （SS） is increasing year by year， while the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. Modern therapies for this disease include biological agents and immunosuppressants， which generally have unsatisfactory efficacy. The TCM treatment of SS focuses on the harmony of the physical and mental health. The Rheumatology Branch of the China Association of Chinese Medicine organizes experts in TCM， Western medicine， and evidence-based medicine to form working groups. Delphi method and bibliometric method were used for analysis， and SS was selected as a disease responding specifically to TCM. Furthermore， the evaluation system was established for this disease， and the consensus regarding this disease was reached after seminar discussion. This paper summarized the whole process of the evaluation of the advantages of TCM treatment of SS. First， because TCM atomization is widely used in clinical practice and enriches TCM administration methods， this therapy is included after other non-drug therapies were taken as characteristic therapies. Second， the evaluation indicators of therapeutic effect should be determined with consideration to international acceptance and the current research status. Third， the expression method should be accurate， standardized， and objective， highlight the natural advantages of TCM， and avoid arbitrary extension. This paper provides a reference for clinicians to explore other diseases responding specifically to TCM.