OBJECTIVE:To improve the writing quality prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicines and to facilitate the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.METHODS:A total of 15 000 prescriptions were sampled in our hospital in 2006 for an analysis of the problems in accordance with the related standards specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(CP,2005 edition)and the new "Prescription management method".RESULTS:The problems manifested as nonstandard in drug name and footnotes,or overdosage and so on.CONCLUSION:We should strengthen the management of the traditional Chinese drugs and improve our pharmaceutical care.

Objective To investigate the interactional roles corticosterone and stress played during the PTSD-Like memory impairment.Methods First we established the model of PTSD-like memory using three levels of electric shock:0 mA,0.8 mA and 1.4 mA.The freezing time percent of each group were calculated 24 hours later in order to find which group of rats obtained the PTSD-like memory,and generalizing tests was used to verify it.After the model was established,rats received adrenalectomy (ADX) were operated bilaterally in order to investigate the effect of corticosterone and fed with corticosterone in the drinking water 7 days before fear conditioning.These rats were divided into four groups:control group (no corticosterone supplement,0 mA shock),Cort group (corticosterone supplement,0 mA shock),shock group (no corticosterone supplement,1.4 mA shock),Cort-shock group (corticosterone supplement,1.4 mA shock).A two-way factorial analysis of variance was used to determine whether there was a significant interaction between corticosterone and shock.Results The freezing time percent of group 0.8 mA raised compared with the group 0 mA,whereas the freezing time percent of group 1.4 mA showed reversely and the generalizing effects appeared,compared with group 0.8 mA.In two-way factorial analysis design,the freezing time percent of Cort-shock group significantly increased (P＜0.05) compared with other groups,and there was no significant variance among the other groups.Corticosterone (F=6.464,P＜0.05) and stress (F=53.419,P ＜0.01) played parts in the formation of PTSD-like memory impairment,and they interacted with each other (F=11.580,P＜0.05).Conclusion PTSD-like memory impairment can be induced on rats with high (1.4 mA) electrical shock,and they have interactional effect with each other in the process.

Pyroptosis is a form of new programmed cell death which is dependent on Caspase-1 in recent years.When it' s stimulated by various dangerous signals from hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury,the intracellular pattern recognition receptors are assembled into inflammasomes and Caspase-1 which was transformed into active form.Activated Caspase-1 promotes the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18,initiates the innate immunity rapidly and then induces severe inflammatory reaction.In addition,Caspase-1 can also cleave Gasdermin D and release its N-terminal domain triggering pyroptosis.Many studies showed that pyroptosis play a crucial role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.In this review,we discussed the activation mechanism and research progress of pyroptosis in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the value of multi-phase contrast enhanced MR in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Methods From September 2015 to January 2018,176 patients with 257 thyroid nodules(109 malignant and 148 benign)preoperatively evaluated by multi-phase contrast enhanced MR were included in the present study.The final diagnoses for all cases were proved by the final pathological reports in our hospital.The diagnostic value of multi-phase contrast enhanced MR in thyroid nodules was analyzed retrospectively. Results The outflow ring sign can be regarded as a specific sign of papillary thyroid carcinoma (χ2＝125.03,P＝0.000)and the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 66.06%,98.65%,97.30%and 79.78%,respectively.The obvious enhancement was more common in benign thyroid nodules (χ2＝33.45,P＝0.000)and it can be regarded as a specific sign of adenoma and adenomatoid nodule(χ2＝74.7 5 ,P＝0.000 ).Conclusion The multi-phase contrast enhanced MR has important clinical application value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules.The outflow ring sign can be regarded as a specific sign of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and the obvious enhancement was an important feature of benign nodules,especially of adenoma and adenomatoid nodules.

Objective ToexploretheMRIperformanceofpapillarythyroidcarcinomawithhobnailfeatures(HPTC)andthedifferential diagnosisfromclassicpapillarythyroidcarcinoma(CPTC).Methods Dataof93patientswithconfirmedPTCandMRIexamination oneweekbeforesurgerywereretrospectivelycollected.Thedifferencesoftheage,sex,tumorsize,ADCvaluesand MRIfeaturesof HPTCandCPTCweredetermined.Results 10HPTCand78CPTCwereincludedinthisstudy.ThefrequencyofT2WIsignificantly highsignal,segmentationlinearlowsignal,lacesignandgyrus-likestructureofHPTCwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofCPTC (P=0.000).ComparedtoCPTC,HPTCshowedmoreirregularshape(P=0.005),largervolume(P=0.025),moremixedT2WI andDWIsignals(P=0.002,0.028,respectively),higherADCvalues(P=0.019),anddelayedmass-likeenhancement(P=0.041). Conclusion HPTClesionshavelargervolume,irregularshape,mixedT2WIsignals,mixedDWIsignalsandhigherADCvalues. Significantlyhighsignal,segmentationlinearlowsignal,lacesignandgyrus-likestructurearecommonlyobservedonT2WI.Delayed mass-likeenhancementpatternismorecommon.ThesecharacteristicscouldcontributetothediagnosisofHPTC.

Melanogenesis is a biosynthetic pathway to produce melanin pigment in melanocyte, involving a series of intricate enzymatic and chemical catalyzed reactions. Melanogenesis involves five signaling pathways that converge on microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. In addition, many cytokines, involved in the regulation of melanogenesis, play an important role in the development, proliferation, differentiation and migration of melanocytes. Polyoxometalate can be used as a potential inhibitor of melanin production. Hence, this paper reviews the signaling pathways of melanogenesis and their regulatory mechanism, to apply polyoxometalates in the melanin production pathway, and briefly introduces the regulatory factors of related pathways.
Cell Differentiation ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment and prognosis of sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SMM). METHOD: Clinicopathological data of SMM patients from January 1976 to December 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. Survival analysis was performed and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the effect of clinicopathological factors on survival using SPSS 18.0 software. A Cox model was applied for multivariate analysis. RESULT: The 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of 68 cases of SMM were 36.1% and 29.4%, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year OS of patients who underwent surgery or biotherapy were significantly higher than that of patients who underwent other therapeutic regimens without surgery or without biotherapy, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed the patients with distant metastasis at first present or residual/recurrence had a worse prognosis than that without distant metastasis or residual/recurrence, respectively. Surgery and biotherapy were effective treatments for SMM. CONCLUSION SMM has a poor prognosis, especially in the patients with distant metastasis or residual/recurrence. Surgery or biotherapy may improve the prognosis of patients with SMM.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nose Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult