Objective To assess the level of radiation exposures of operators in three typical types of interventional fluoroscopic procedures.Methods Alderson Radiation Therapy (ART) phantom was used to stimulate the practices of diagnosis and therapy using TLDs for dose measurement.The radiation exposures of eye lens, neck, and breast were measured when the lead shielding of machine was on/off and the equivalent dose and effective dose to the eye lens were estimated.Results Radiation exposure of head was obviously reduced by 85% -90% when the lead shielding was on.The doses in different procedures were different.In cerebral angiography the dose equivalent of eye len was the highest in the three procedures.The annual effective dose for the operators was smaller in peripheral vascular interventions than that in cardiovascular interventional therapy and that in cerebral angiography.Conclusions The operators involved in intervention will receive an annual effective dose of less than 20 mSv as recommended by the ICRP under the protection conditions provided by the current study, except for eye lens.Attention should be paid to the protection of the eyes of operators.

Objective:To explore the robust relationship between insomnia and type 2 diabetes mellitus by two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to overcome confounding factors and reverse causality in observational studies.Methods:We identified strong,independent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of insomnia from the most up to date genome wide association studies(GWAS)within European ancestors and applied them as instrumental variable to GWAS of type 2 diabetes mellitus.After excluding SNPs that were significantly associated with smoking,physical activity,alcohol consumption,educational attainment,obesity,or type 2 diabetes mellitus,we assessed the impact of insomnia on type 2 diabetes mellitus using inverse variance weighting(IVW)method.Weighted median and MR-Egger regression analysis were also conducted to test the robustness of the association.We calculated the F statistic of the selected SNPs to test the applicability of instrumental variable and F statistic over than ten indicated that there was little possibility of bias of weak instrumental variables.We further examined the existence of pleiotropy by testing whether the intercept term in MR-Egger regression was significantly different from ze-ro.In addition,the leave-one-out method was used for sensitivity analysis to verify the stability and relia-bility of the results.Results:We selected 248 SNPs independently associated with insomnia at the genome-wide level(P＜5 ×10-8)as a preliminary candidate set of instrumental variables.After clum-ping based on the reference panel from 1000 Genome Project and removing the potential pleiotropic SNPs,a total of 167 SNPs associated with insomnia were included as final instrumental variables.The F statistic of this study was 39.74,which was in line with the relevance assumption of Mendelian randomi-zation.IVW method showed insomnia was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus that po-pulation with insomnia were 1.14 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus than those without insomnia(95％CI:1.09-1.21,P＜0.001).The weighted median estimator(WME)method and MR-Egger regression showed similar causal effect of insomnia on type 2 diabetes mellitus.And MR-Egger re-gression also showed that the effect was less likely to be triggered by pleiotropy.Sensitivity analyses pro-duced directionally similar estimates.Conclusion:Insomnia is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus,which has positively effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus.Our study provides further rationale for indivi-duals at risk for diabetes to keep healthy lifestyle.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms of Shujin Jiannao Formula （舒筋健脑方） for cerebral palsy. MethodsThirty 7-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， and Shujin Jiannao Formula group， with 10 rats in each group. The model group and Shujin Jiannao Formula group established a cerebral palsy model by the classic Rice-Vannucci method. After successful modeling， rats in Shujin Jiannao Formula group were given Shujin Jiannao Formula 16 g/（kg·d） by gavage， while the normal group and model group were given normal saline 10 ml/（kg·d） by gavage once a day. After one week of intervention， the rats' body weight was measured， and Zea-Longa scores， the righting reflex test， and the hindlimb suspension test were conducted for assessment； hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were used to observe pathological changes in brain tissue， and the number of Nissl-positive neurons was counted； enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure levels of inflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue， specifically interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）； immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression levels of neurofilament protein 200 （NF200） and myelin basic protein （MBP） in brain tissue； Western Blot analysis was conducted to determine the protein levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt/PKB/Rac）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） in brain tissue. ResultsCompared with the normal group， rats in the model group showed significantly higher Zea-Longa scores and lower scores in the hindlimb suspension test （P＜0.01）； pathological findings revealed loose structure in the cerebral cortex， hippocampal atrophy， and neuronal damage in brain tissue. Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α elevated， and the number of Nissl-stained positive neurons in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region reduced， and immunofluorescence intensity of NF200 and MBP， as well as protein expression levels of PI3K and mTOR， significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， rats in Shujin Jiannao Formula group showed decreased Zea-Longa scores and increased hindlimb suspension test scores （P＜0.05）； pathological damage in brain tissue alleviated， levels of IL-1β and TNF-α reduced， the number of Nissl-stained positive neurons in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region increased， and the immunofluorescence intensity of NF200 and MBP， as well as the protein levels of PI3K and mTOR， significantly elevated （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in body weight， body-turning time， or AKT protein levels in brain tissue （P＞0.05）. ConclusionShujin Jiannao Formula can improve the neurological function of rats with cerebral palsy， exert neurorestorative effects， and its mechanism of action may be related to the reduction of inflammatory response in brain tissue and the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.