1.Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of polyethylene microbeads using the zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)
Margaret L.C. de Guzman ; Patricia Anne P. Chua ; Franceska S. Sedano ; Arnold V. Hallare ; Jay T. Dalet
Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development 2022;26(3):51-62
Background:
The escape of polyethylene microbeads from waste-water treatment facilities to aquatic habitats has been a major concern by scientific communities due to the adverse effects on aquatic organisms as well as the well-being of the marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
Objective:
This study was conducted to evaluate the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of polyethylene microbeads on the early development of the zebrafish Danio rerio using the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test (FET).
Methodology:
Sixty (60) zebrafish embryos were exposed to polyethylene microbead suspensions (PE-MBS) of 20 μg/L, 200 μg/L, and 2000 μg/L concentrations. Using FET, the toxicological endpoints (i.e., egg coagulation, lack of somite formation, non-detachment of tail, and lack of heartbeat) were observed every 24 hours until the 96th-hour exposure. Hatching of the embryo from the chorion was observed from 48-96 hpf (hours-post fertilization), and at least four parameters of teratogenicity (i.e., edema of the pericardium and yolk sac, bent axis, tail curvature, and collapsed swim bladder) was observed at 144 hpf.
Results:
Significant differences between means and variances in the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects were observed for all treatment groups in relation to the negative control (reconstituted water). The emulsifier control (0.01% Tween 80, p-value=0.9), the solvent control (1% DMSO, p-value = 0.9), and the 20 μg/L PE-MBS (p-value = 0.92) did not significantly differ with the negative control group. However, the positive control (5% ethanol, pvalue= 7.8) and 200 μg/L (p-value = 1.1), and 2000 μg/L (p-value = 1.48) of PE-MBS were significantly embryotoxic and teratogenic to the developing organism.
Conclusion
The high concentrations of PE-MBS (200 μg/L and 2000 μg/L) may induce early hatching, mortality, and malformations. Tukey Kramer post hoc test substantiated that PE-MBS toxicity is dose-dependent since embryotoxicity and teratogenicity increase at higher concentrations. Further studies should be conducted to know more about the adverse effects of polyethylene microbeads on the development, physiology, and genomics of freshwater fishes.
Zebrafish
2.Comparative toxicological analysis of Metformin (Biguanide) and Glibenclamide (Sulfonylureas), using Zebrafish Embryotoxicity Test (ZFET)
Erika Louise Flores ; Bianca Louise Lapuz ; Ian Navarrete ; Arnold Hallare
Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development 2020;24(1):52-63
Background and Objective:
Type 2 (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant Filipinos have been increasing over the years because of lifestyle westernization. While insulin has been the safe mainstay when dietary measures fail to maintain normoglycemia during pregnancy, recent studies have suggested oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) such as metformin and glibenclamide, may offer cheaper and efficacious alternatives. The problem however, is the passage of these drugs through the placenta which may pose possible danger towards the development of the growing embryo. The proposed study aims to evaluate and compare the embryotoxic and teratogenic potentials of the varying concentrations of the two PhilHealth covered oral hypoglycemic agents in the Philippines, namely metformin (biguanide) and glibenclamide (sulfonylureas).
Methodology:
In this study, a comparison on embryotoxic potentials of metformin and glibenclamide was conducted using zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZFET) across concentrations found in fetal (10, 20, 100, 500, 1000, 2000 μg/L) and maternal serum (10, 20, 100, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/L).
Results and Conclusions
Results revealed that metformin showed no significant (p>0.05) lethal effects, but revealed significant risk for teratogenicity, specifically decreased head and tail lengths and advanced hatching. Conversely, glibenclamide revealed significant potential for lethal (e.g., coagulation) and teratogenic effects including pericardial and yolk sac edema, spinal deformity and increased tail length. Comparative evaluation between the two OHAs reveal that glibenclamide has significantly (p<0.05) higher lethal and teratogenic effects. Together, our results suggest that the use of metformin over glibenclamide is favorable for safety testing in pregnant women suffering T2DM and GDM for the benefit of expanding treatment options for these diseases.
Glyburide
;
Metformin
;
Teratogenesis
;
Zebrafish
3.Advances in alternative methods upon the vision for toxicity testing in the 21st century.
Yan Hong WEI ; Rong ZHANG ; Yu Xin ZHENG ; Wen CHEN
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022;56(1):4-6
With the increase of global chemical production and the aggravation of population exposure and health risks, higher requirements are put forward for chemical toxicity testing and safety evaluation.'Toxicity testing in the 21st century: a vision and a strategy' has greatly promoted the reform of toxicity testing. Toxicity testing in the new era has made great progress by using new models, new methods and new strategies, combined with interdisciplinary and high-tech advantages. While improving the efficiency of chemical toxicity testing, it also realizes more comprehensive, multi-level and high-quality data acquisition and toxicity evaluation, which provides strong support for the exploration of toxicity mode, toxicity mechanism and toxicity pathway. Focusing on the current alternative new methods of toxicity testing, this issue invites many scholars to introduce and summarize high-content analysis, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology, Ex vivo test, single cell sequencing and zebrafish experimental methods, in order to promote the leapfrog development of chemical toxicity testing and evaluation in China.
Animals
;
China
;
Toxicity Tests
;
Zebrafish
4.Possibility of Zebrafish as New infection model for Leprosy.
Jong Pill KIM ; Hae Young CHOI ; Sang Nae CHO
Korean Leprosy Bulletin 2006;39(1):37-48
The zebrafish emerged as a new model of developmental research and infection. Recently zebrafish were used for various mycobacterial infection studies. In this study, we investigated a possibility of the zebrafish as an infection model of Mycobacterium leprae infection. We injected Mycobacterium leprae (10(5)/30microliter) to the peritoneum of zebrafish. After 4 weeks, we found two fish evident to the subsistence and multiplication of Mycobacterium leprae, among total 25 fish. This study thus demonstrates that zebrafish may become an animal model for M. leprae infection.
Leprosy*
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Models, Animal
;
Mycobacterium leprae
;
Peritoneum
;
Zebrafish*
5.Zebrafish and Mycobacterial infection.
Korean Leprosy Bulletin 2005;38(1):35-38
The zebrafish emerged as a new model of developmental research and infection. Mycobacterium marinum naturally infects the zebrafish to develop the granuloma like tuberculosis. Also production of the protein of target gene in zebrafish can be specifically and effectively inhibited by morpholino. I suppose that the zebrafish might be a model of leprosy.
Granuloma
;
Leprosy
;
Mycobacterium marinum
;
Tuberculosis
;
Zebrafish*
6.Functional Prediction of Imprinted Genes in Chicken Based on a Mammalian Comparative Expression Network.
Hyo Young KIM ; Sunjin MOON ; Heebal KIM
Genomics & Informatics 2008;6(1):32-35
Little evidence supports the existence of imprinted genes in chicken. Imprinted genes are thought to be intimately connected with the acquisition of parental resources in mammals; thus, the predicted lack of this type of gene in chicken is not surprising, given that they leave their offspring to their own heritance after conception. In this study, we identified several imprinted genes and their orthologs in human, mouse, and zebrafish, including 30 previously identified human and mouse imprinted genes. Next, using the HomoloGene database, we identified six orthologous genes in human, mouse, and chicken; however, no orthologs were identified for SLC22A18, and mouse Ppp1r9a was not included in the HomoloGene database. Thus, from our analysis, four candidate chicken imprinted genes (IGF2, UBE3A, PHLDA2, and GRB10) were identified. To expand our analysis, zebrafish was included, but no probe ID for UBE3A exists in this species. Thus, ultimately, three candidate imprinted genes (IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10) in chicken were identified. GRB10 was not significant in chicken and zebrafish based on the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, whereas a weak correlation between PHLDA2 in chicken and human was identified from the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Significant associations between human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish were found for IGF2 and GRB10 using the Friedman's test. Based on our results, IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10 are candidate imprinted genes in chicken. Importantly, the strongest candidate was PHLDA2.
Animals
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Chickens
;
Fertilization
;
Humans
;
Mice
;
Parents
;
Zebrafish
7.Functional Prediction of Imprinted Genes in Chicken Based on a Mammalian Comparative Expression Network.
Hyo Young KIM ; Sunjin MOON ; Heebal KIM
Genomics & Informatics 2008;6(1):32-35
Little evidence supports the existence of imprinted genes in chicken. Imprinted genes are thought to be intimately connected with the acquisition of parental resources in mammals; thus, the predicted lack of this type of gene in chicken is not surprising, given that they leave their offspring to their own heritance after conception. In this study, we identified several imprinted genes and their orthologs in human, mouse, and zebrafish, including 30 previously identified human and mouse imprinted genes. Next, using the HomoloGene database, we identified six orthologous genes in human, mouse, and chicken; however, no orthologs were identified for SLC22A18, and mouse Ppp1r9a was not included in the HomoloGene database. Thus, from our analysis, four candidate chicken imprinted genes (IGF2, UBE3A, PHLDA2, and GRB10) were identified. To expand our analysis, zebrafish was included, but no probe ID for UBE3A exists in this species. Thus, ultimately, three candidate imprinted genes (IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10) in chicken were identified. GRB10 was not significant in chicken and zebrafish based on the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, whereas a weak correlation between PHLDA2 in chicken and human was identified from the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Significant associations between human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish were found for IGF2 and GRB10 using the Friedman's test. Based on our results, IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10 are candidate imprinted genes in chicken. Importantly, the strongest candidate was PHLDA2.
Animals
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Chickens
;
Fertilization
;
Humans
;
Mice
;
Parents
;
Zebrafish
8.Influence of Pulse Type on Subcellular Selective Photothermolysis of Melanosomes in Adult Zebrafish Skin Following 1,064-nm, Q-switched, Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation: A Pilot Study.
Min Gun YOO ; Byoung Joon SO ; Ji Min LEE ; Do Hyun KIM ; Hae Chul PARK ; Hwa Jung RYU ; Il Hwan KIM
Annals of Dermatology 2015;27(2):230-232
No abstract available.
Adult*
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Humans
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Melanosomes*
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Pilot Projects*
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Skin*
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Zebrafish*