Objective To investigate the applied value of computed radiography(CR) system in intravenous pyelography in children.Methods Intravenous pyelography were carried out by CR and traditional intensifying screen/film in 45 children respectively.The diagnostic specificity between CR and traditional intensifying screen/film was compared.Results Urinary system in children could be displayed well by CR,the quality of CR films was ensured.The diagnostic corresponding rate was 86.7% and 59.1% by CR and traditional intensifying screen/film respectively.Conclusion CR is of significance value in diagnosis of urologic diseases in children.

BACKGROUND:It is not fuly understood that whetherp53 inhibitor can directly intervene in the viability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels and the possible mechanism. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of p53 inhibitor, PFT-α, on the aging process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in late-phase amplification and to discover the key target to delay the replicative senescence of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. METHODS:The expression levels ofp53,p21, andp15 mRNA in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in both early and late-phase amplification were detected by quantitative PCR assay. Then, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in late-phase amplification were respectively treated with 20 μmol/L PFT-α or an equivalent amount of dimethyl sulfoxide for 2 weeks. The positive rate of aging cels was determined by SA-β-Gal staining. The apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were treated with 300 μmol/L H2O2 for 30 minutes, and then celular anti-oxidative stress capacity was detected by cel counting kit-8 assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The quantitative PCR assay showed that the mRNA expression level ofp15, p21 andp53 in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in late-phase amplification was significantly increased (1.45±0.23), (1.51±0.14) and (1.78±0.14) times as much as that in early phase amplification (P < 0.05). The positive rate of aging cels in PFT-α group was significantly lower than that in the dimethyl sulfoxide group[(41±5)%vs. (63±7)%,P < 0.05)]. However, there was no significant difference in apoptosis rate between PFT-α group and dimethyl sulfoxide group. After treatment with H2O2, the absorbance value in the PFT-α group was(1.27±0.13) times as much as that in the dimethyl sulfoxide group (P < 0.001). The above results demonstrate that the activation ofp53 signaling pathway may be an important factor of causing aging of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. Application ofp53 inhibitor PFT-αcan enhance the anti-oxidative stress capacity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in late phrase amplification.

Objective To explore antiviral efficacy, safety and blocking of mother-to-infant transmission by administrating telbivudine in pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) throughout pregnancy. Methods Sixty-four cases of female patients were enrolled. The study participants were divided into the telbivudine treatment group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 33). Data were recorded from beginning of administration to ending pregnancy, as well as notation of any adverse reactions. The neonates and infants were evaluated in HBV infection, parameters of growth and development. Results The recovery rates of ALT, respectively, were 90.32% vs. 57.58% (P = 0.003), 93.55% vs. 62.50% (P = 0.003) at 24 weeks and ante partum and the HBVDNA-negative conversion rates, respectively, were 48.39% vs. 3.03% (P = 0.000), 83.87%vs. 6.06% (P = 0.000), 90.32% vs. 6.25% (P = 0.000) respectively, at 12, 24 weeks of pregnancy and at ante partum between the treatment and control groups. The HBsAg-positive and HBVDNA-positive rates of the infants, respectively, were 12.90% vs. 37.50% (P = 0.025) and 0 vs. 21.88% (P = 0.018) at birth, and respectively, were all 0 vs. 18.75% (P = 0.035) and 0 vs. 18.75% (P = 0.035) at 1, 6, 12 months old between the treatment and control groups. The treatment group showed lower incidence of intrauterine HBV infection (0 vs. 18.75%, P = 0.035). The gestational ages, fetal weights and Apgar scores were not significant different in the children born in the mothers from the two groups. Conclusions Telbivudine administration showed a good antiviral curative effect and effectively blocked mother-to-infant transmission in women with CHB. The treatment was safe and caused no obvious adverse reaction.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical manifestations in pediatric laryngopharyngeal reflux and to provide more information on diagnosis and treatment. METHOD: Sixty-two cases with recurrent respiratory infections, hoarseness and chronic cough were examined with reflux symptom index (RSI), reflux finding score (RFS), and 24-hour pH monitoring. Those who had at least two positive test for reflux were given PPI for diagnostic therapy. RESULT: All patients completed reflux symptom index (RSI) questionnaire and underwent fiberoptic laryngoscopy, and reflux finding score (RFS) was evaluated. The positive rate of RSI and RFS was 91.94% and 79.03% differently. 24-hours pH monitoring and diagnostic therapy was about 30.76% and 85.48% differently. The symptoms show hoarseness 90.32%, postnasal drip 77.42%, difficulty swallowing 74.19%, abdominal pain and chest pain 72.58%, throat clearing 64.52%, chronic cough 56.45%, dysphagia 51.61%, throat abnormal feeling 48.39%. Laryngoscope examination shows inter-arytenoid erythema 100%, vocal mucosal oedema 75.81%, diffuse laryngeal edema 50.00%, posterior commissure hypertrophy 33.87%, subglottic edema 4.84%, no granuloma case. There was 16 cases showing positive in 24-hours pH monitoring test. The positive rate was 30.76%. All cases accepted diagnostic therapy. Fifty-three cases were effective. The positive rate was 85.48%. CONCLUSION There are no clinical presentations specific to pediatric laryngopharyngeal reflux. Patients often present with a wide range of atypical symptoms and signs. RSI questionnaire and RFS may provide diagnostic datas. Primary treatment includes lifestyle and medical therapy.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Male

Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture therapy on triglyceride (TG) content of quadriceps femoris in the high fat diet feeding-induced insulin resistance rats; To discuss acupuncture mechanisms to improve the insulin sensitivity. Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats at the age of eight weeks were randomly divided into normal group, model group, electro-acupuncture group, and sham electro-acupuncture group. The normal group was given basic diet, and model group, electro-acupuncture group and sham electro-acupuncture group were given high fat diet for 8 weeks, after which, the model of insulin resistance was successfully obtained. Electro-acupuncture group was given acupuncture therapy with “Guanyuan (GV4)”, “Zhognwan (GV12)”, “Zusanli (ST36)”, and “Fenglong (ST40)” for 8 weeks. Sham electro-acupuncture group was given stimulation at non-acupuncture points which were not on the meridians and near the acupoints but not at the area of the acupoints. In addition, food intake and body weight of each group were recorded, blood glucose was tested, TG content of quadriceps femoris was measured by enzymatic method after the treatment. Results The weight of the rats and TG levels of quadriceps femoris in electro-acupuncture group and sham electro-acupuncture group were significantly lower than those in model group, with significant statistical difference (P<0.05), especially in electro-acupuncture group. Conclusion Acupuncture therapy could improve insulin sensitivity to prevent and its related diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical pathological features of children tracheobronchial foreign bodies and to improve diagnosis and treatment. METHOD: A retrospective study 368 children cases with tracheobronchial foreign bodies in our hospital. Each patient was analyzed for age, sex, nature,complication and location of the foreign body, results of bronchoscopic removal and presence of foreign bodies in the airways. Among this cases, three of them coughed out the foreign body before operation; two of them failed to be operated for serious complication, others were conducted by rigid bronchoscopy and bronchoscopic removal with general anaesthesia. RESULT: Three children of 368 coughed out the foreign body before operation; 4 children of them were dead for the long heartbeat respiratory arrest and deep coma; 2 children of them suffered form hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and epilepsy; others were successfully taken out by operation. CONCLUSION For the diagnosis of children cases with tracheobronchial foreign bodies, it is very important to collect the detailed history of foreign body inhalation, physical examination and careful analysis on the findings from chest radiographs or CT scan.
Anesthesia, General ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Trachea

A total of 189 stool samples from swine with diarrhea, collected in various porcine farms in the central region of China were tested for porcine enteric caliciviruses (PEC) member porcine sapoviruses (SaV) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification using primers designed to detect porcine SaV. Selected amplicons were sequenced to establish phylogenetic relationships with reference strains. Porcine SaV were detected in 12.70% (24/189) of the samples. Phylogenetic studies based on partial RNA polymerase gene sequences indicated that the field strains of viruses isolated in China were closely related (75.6 88.3% identity) to the porcine SaV Cowden reference strain. These results provide evidence that caliciviruses of the genus sapovirus circulate in piglets in China, but further studies are needed to clarify their importance as cause of diarrhea. This is the first report of PEC in China.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnostic and treatment principle of orbital cellulitis in children, and to improve the experience of antibiotic treatment in orbital cellulites.

METHODSTwenty children were admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital with the diagnosis of nasal orbital cellulitis between January 2009 and December 2013. The children were severe enough to warrant hospital admission. There were 13(65%) males and 7 (35%) females. The median age was 3.5 years (2 months to 7.2 years). The relationship between the serum C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count and the hospitalization days were analyzed. The children were divided into 2 groups: Cefoperazone Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium for injection group and other antibiotic treatment group, the difference was compared. Statistical calculation was performed using SPSS 13.0 software.

RESULTSThe serum CRP [(29.8 ± 22.0) mg/L] at the time of admission had a positive correlation with the time of hospitalization[ (6.3 ± 4.1) d, r = 0.46, P < 0.05]. The time of CRP decreased to normal range after admission [(3.4 ± 1.8) d] were apparently related to the hospitalization time (r = 0.81, P < 0.01). The hospital days whose CRP could be decreased to normal within 3 days [n = 12, (4.3 ± 1.7) d] were significantly shorter than that in the others [n = 8, (9.1 ± 5.0) d, t = 2.61, P < 0.05]. The hospitalization of 12 cases with Cefoperazone Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium for injection [(4.3 ± 1.9) d] was shorter than that in other 8 cases with other drugs [(9.3 ± 4.7) d, t = 2.83, P < 0.05]. Bacterial pathogens were only identified in 4 children, including 3 cases of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 1 case of streptococcus anginosus. Only 1 case in 20 cases with positive blood culture for Staphylococcus aureus, consistented with the pus culture.

CONCLUSIONSIf early treatment at the first three days is valid, the course of nasal orbital cellulitis will be shorter and the orbital abscess can be prevented. Cefoperazone sulbactam and Sulbactam Sodium for injection is effective in treating pediatric orbital cellulitis.

Abscess ; C-Reactive Protein ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Orbital Cellulitis ; therapy ; Staphylococcal Infections ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Staphylococcus aureus

Objective To investigate the role of Calcineurin binding protein 1(Cabin1)in renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs)injury. Methods The male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Sham-oper-ated and 5/6 nephrectomized group. Nephrectomized rats were further divided into two groups ,which were 4 and 8 weeks after operation,including 6 rats in each group. Rats were sacrificed at 4 or 8 weeks after nephrectomy,then control or remnant kidneys were harvested. 2μm sections of kidney tissues were collected and stained with Masson's trichrome and were graded for tubulointerstitial lesion score (TILS). RTECs mitochondrial morphology changes were detected by electron microscope. Western blot was applied to detect Cabin1 protein level in the renal tissue. Results At 8 weeks after the operation,plenty of RTECs fell off from the basement membrane,accompanied with interstitial fibrosis and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover ,TILS were significantly increased in rats at 8 weeks after operation while compared to sham-operated rats(7.16 ± 0.52 vs. 0.00 ± 0.00,P<0.05). RTECs mi-tochondria begun to swell at 4 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy,while the disruption of cristae could be found in rats at 8 weeks. Cabin1 protein expression apparently increased in the remnant kidney. Cabin1 protein obviously increased in rats at 8 weeks after the surgery compared to sham-operated rats(0.97 ± 0.09 vs. 0.22 ± 0.07,P<0.05)and rats at 4 weeks after nephrectomy(0.97 ± 0.09 vs. 0.45 ± 0.03,P<0.05). Conclusions Cabin1 is overexpressed during RTECs injury in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. It can be a crucial factor regulating the damage of RTECs.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the concentration determination of voriconazole in human plasma.METHODS:Plasma samples were precipitated with acetonitrile.Using ketoconazole as internal standard,HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on Dionex U-3000 Dimonsil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of triethylamine-glacial acetic acid-water mixed solution (1 ∶ 1∶98,V/V/V,pH was about 4.0)-acetonitrile (40∶60,V/V) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 255 nm.The column temperature was 40 ℃,and sample size was 20 μL.RESULTS:The linear range of voriconazole was 0.2-20.0 μg/mL.The limits of quantification was 0.2 μg/mL,and the minimum detection limit was 0.03 μg/mL.RSDs of inter-day and intra-day were lower than 10％.The method recoveries were 92.06％-106.26％ (RSD＜5％,n=5),and extraction recoveries were 75.62 ％-90.59 ％ (RSD ＜ 5 ％,n=5).The plasma concentration of voriconazole in 10 children ranged 0.22-4.90 μg/mL (n =10).CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,rapid,specific and can be used for drug monitoring of voriconazole.