Objective To study the chemical components of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma;To establish a method to determine the content of vitexin;To compare the content difference of vitexin from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma before and after salt processing. Methods 70% ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography technique, and compound was identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data. HPLC was used with Ecosil column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm), mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2%acetic acid solution (14.5∶85.5), velocity of 1.0 mL/min, and determine wavelength of 340 nm. Results The compound was vitexin, a good linearity (r=0.999 8) in the range of 0.039 8-1.99μg. The average recovery rate was 98.02%, RSD=0.21%. Vitexin content was 0.008 5% in crude Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 0.008 1% in processed products. Conclusion This is the first time separation of vitexin from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. The method for content determination of vitexin is accurate, specific, and highly sensitive in the present experiment. Content of vitexin decreases slightly in processed products of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma compared with crude Anemarrhenae Rhizoma.