Objective To study the epidemiological features of prevalence and distribution of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the injury glucose tolerance (IGT) in elder people in Beijing. Methods Cross over sectional epidemiological survey by random stratified sampling method in elder population was applied and the middle aged people was used as controls. The prevalent status of diabetes and IGT in the population more than 60 years old in urban area was compared with that in rural areas in Beijing in 1997. Results The aggregate age adjusted standardization prevalence of diabetes and IGT were 15 98% and 15 89% , respectively in old age population in Beijing in 1997. Diabetes prevalence in 60 69 years group (only comparable data) increased about 3 2 times from 4 27% in 1981 to 13 73% in 1997. Although it was no difference in IGT prevalence between urban and rural elders, there existed significant difference for diabetes standardized rates between them(17 74% vs 8 83%). The characteristics that diabetes occurrence increased with aging has been confirmed by the correlation of diabetes prevalence to the aging in both middle age( r =1 00, P

OBJECTIVETo establish a stable high red fluorescent protein (RFP)-expressing orthotopic transplantation nude mice spontaneous metastasis model of pancreatic cancer.

METHODSStable high RFP-expressing cells SW1990-RFP were injected subcutaneously into mice to establish subcutaneous implantation model. Fluorescent tumor piece from subcutaneous was transplanted into the body of the pancreas to establish surgical orthotopic implantation model. The growth of primary tumor, metastasis and micrometastasis were assessed by whole-body fluorescence imaging system.

RESULTSTwelve RFP orthotopic transplantation nude mice metastasis models of pancreatic cancer were established successfully, the percentage of success rate was 100%. RFP-labeled pancreatic cancer growth could be monitored in real time way. The micrometastasis of primary lesions were detected in early stage with whole-body fluorescence imaging system.

CONCLUSIONSThe RFP orthotopic transplantation nude mice metastasis model of pancreatic cancer is stable and reliable, and can be observed dynamically in vitro in a noninvasive way, with much higher sensitivity and specificity.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Luminescent Proteins ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

AIMTo study the stability of insulin-loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (IPN) in an oily medium (soybean oil containing 0.5% (v/v) Tween-20 and 5% (v/v) Vitamin E) along with the hypoglycemic effect following their oral administration to streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

METHODSThe stability of IPN in the process was appraised by measurement of the amount of undegraded insulin associated to nanoparticles, the average size and the span of IPN, as well as the release of insulin from IPN. IPN in an aqueous medium (containing 0.5% (v/v) Tween-20) at pH 2.0 was also investigated as control.

RESULTSThe study showed that IPN in the oily medium was more stable than that in the aqueous medium over one year of storage in the dark at (25 +/- 2) degrees C and the in vitro stability of IPN in the oily medium against degradation by proteolytic enzymes was much better than that in the aqueous medium. The apparent bioavailability of an oral administration of IPN (50 u x kg(-1)) in the oily medium versus an (sc) injection of insulin (2 u x kg(-1)) was 22.4%, much higher than that of IPN in the aqueous medium (15.5%), based on decreased areas above curve (AAC) determination for the blood glucose depression from time zero to 144 h of a single oral administration of IPN to STZ-diabetic rats.

CONCLUSIONIPN in soybean oil containing Tween-20 (0.5% v/v) and Vitamin E (5% v/v) could be considered as an effective and stable delivery system for oral insulin.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Stability ; Enbucrilate ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nanostructures ; Particle Size ; Polymers ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Soybean Oil

BACKGROUNDPancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human cancers with a very low survival rate of 5 years. Conventional cancer treatments including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy or combinations of these show little effect on this disease. Several proteins have been proved critical to the development and the progression of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.

METHODSSeveral pancreatic cancer cell lines were screened by resveratrol, and its toxicity was tested by normal pancreatic cells. Western blotting was then performed to analyze the molecular mechanism of resveratrol induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell lines.

RESULTSIn the screened pancreatic cancer cell lines, capan-2 and colo357 showed high sensitivity to resveratrol induced apoptosis. Resveratrol exhibited insignificant toxicity to normal pancreatic cells. In resveratrol sensitive cells, capan-2 and colo357, the activation of caspase-3 was detected and showed significant caspase-3 activation upon resveratrol treatment; p53 and p21 were also detected up-regulated upon resveratrol treatment.

CONCLUSIONResveratrol provides a promising anti-tumor strategy to fight against pancreatic cancer.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal motility dysfunction as a result of scald and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in guinea pigs.

METHODSThirty guinea pigs were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into 3 groups:i. e. control (n = 10, with intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline), scald (n = 10, with 30% TBSA deep partial thickness burn) and LPS (n = 10, with intraperitoneal injection of LPS) groups. Thirty minutes after treatment, all animals were gavaged with carbolic ink. The propelled distance of the ink within the gastrointestinal tract was measured. The intestinal tissue was harvested and homogenized, and the contents of CGRP, Na+-K+-ATP enzyme, Mg2+-ATP enzyme, Ca2+-ATP enzyme, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme were determined, and the delta phim of haustra coli smooth muscular cell mitochondria was assessed.

RESULTSThe propelled distance of the ink in the gastrointestinal tract in scald (53 +/- 9 cm) and LPS (91 +/- 10 cm) groups was obviously shorter than that in control group (142 +/- 11 cm, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the distance in scald group was shorter than that in LPS group (P < 0.01). The CGRP content in scald and LPS groups [52.0 +/- 39.0 microg/L and 20.0 +/- 23.0 microg/L] was obviously higher than that in control group (0.8 +/-2.0 microg/L, P <0.05 or 0.01), especially in scald group ( P < 0.05). The Na+-K+-ATP enzyme, Mg2+-ATP enzyme, Ca2+-ATP enzyme, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme and the delta phim in scald and LPS groups were remarkably lower than those in control group (P <0.005), but there was no difference between scald and LPS groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe gastrointestinal motility of guinea pigs could obviously be inhibited by scald and LPS, especially by scald. LPS might be the key factor to produce change in the membrane potential of mitochondria of intestinal smooth muscle after severe scald.

Animals ; Burns ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo identify specific protein markers for renal cell carcinoma detection and diagnosis, as well as develop new potential therapeutic targets of the disease.

METHODSWe used two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) technique conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification of significant differentially expressed proteins between 15cases of paired clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and adjacent normal renal tissues. The protein spots were considered as differentially expressed if a 1.5-fold altered expression level was observed (Student's t test, P value<0.05).

RESULTSOf the 27 differentially expressed protein spots, 26 proteins were successfully identified. 11 proteins up-regulated in renal cell carcinoma,15 proteins down-regulated. Among them Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (ACDSB), Aldose 1-epimerase (GALM), Peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4), Macrophage-capping protein (CAPG), Beta-defensin 107 (D107A), Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) were first time screening as new differential expressed proteins by protomic study in renal cell carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS2-D DIGE is a useful technique for screening and analysis differential expressed proteins in renal cell carcinoma. These new differently expressed proteins may be useful for development new molecular markers for the tumor.

BACKGROUNDThree randomised trials have demonstrated that combining bevacizumab with first-line chemotherapy significantly improves progression-free survival versus chemotherapy alone in HER2-negative locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (LR/mBC). However, data from Chinese populations are limited and possible differences between ethnic and geographic populations are unknown. This study was conducted to determine whether there are differences in safety and efficacy in patients with HER2-negative LR/mRC between Chinese and Western populations after they receive first-line bevacizumab combined with taxane-based therapy.

METHODSIn the single-arm, open-label, Avastin Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer (ATHENA) study (NCT00448591), patients with HER2-negative LR/mBC received first-line bevacizumab (investigator's choice of 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks) combined with taxane-based therapy. The primary endpoint was safety profile and the secondary is time to progression (TTP). A subpopulation analysis was conducted to assess safety and efficacy in Chinese patients.

RESULTSOf 2264 patients treated in ATHENA, 202 were enrolled in China. Bevacizumab was combined with docetaxel in 90% of Chinese patients and paclitaxel in 10%. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhoea (in 5.0% of patients) and hypertension (in 2.5% of patients). Grade 3/4 proteinuria occurred in 0.5%. After median follow-up of 17.6 months and events in 56% of patients, median TTP was 9.0 months (95%CI, 8.4-11.1). Overall survival data were immature.

CONCLUSIONSWe found no evidence of increased bevacizumab-related toxicity or reduced efficacy in Chinese LR/mBC patients receiving first-line bevacizumab-taxane therapy compared with predominantly Western populations. The safety profile was generally similar to previously reported LR/mBC trials. Subtle differences may be attributable to different lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese patients compared with the overall population. It appears reasonable to extrapolate findings from bevacizumab-based randomised trials to Chinese populations.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Taxoids ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Exploring a new teaching mode of CHB laboratory diagnostics to improve the teaching quality through establishment a teaching model covered the whole process of CHB disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, drug selection, the toxicity and side effects prediction, effect monitoring, and prognosis evaluation. According to the CHB clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines, formulated the laboratory examination and detection strategies related to different stages of CHB, and established CHB clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway. Compared the classroom teaching effect by the questionnaire between the 2016 and 2017 eight-year undergraduates from the First Clinical College of Wuhan University. In this study,the CHB clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway was established and approved by clinicians, which covered the whole process of CHB disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, drug selection, the toxicity and side effects prediction, effect monitoring, and prognosis evaluation. The teaching quality evaluation indicators and the scores on the class test had been greatly improved with the clinical diagnostic pathway teaching mode in the classroom teaching of 2017 clinical medicine undergraduates compared with the traditional teaching mode in the 2016 clinical medicine undergraduates. In summary, the medical students not only could realize the organic integration of laboratory diagnostics and clinical medicine, but also improves overall understanding of various laboratory tests in CHB diagnosis and treatment from the teaching model of laboratory diagnostics based on the CHB clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway,and the quality of teaching for CHB has been significantly improved.
Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Laboratories, Clinical ; Records

A new method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Rhodobryum giganteum by using the nonlinear oscillating chemical was established for improving the quality control standard of R. giganteum. Its potential(E)/time(t) curve was recorded by electrochemical workstation in the oscillation reaction system of BrO~-_3-Ce(SO_4)_2-H_2SO_4-malonic acid/tartaric acid. The nonlinear oscillating chemical fingerprints were investigated for repeatability, and it was found that the RSD values of the four characteristic parameters of R. giganteum were less than 4.1%, indicating a good repeatability and high precision of this experiment. After optimizing the experimental parameters such as particle size, rotation speed and temperature, a new method based on nonlinear oscillating chemical was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of R. giganteum. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship between the induction time/the period of oscillation and the dosage of herbs(0.1-1.1 g), with the relative coefficients of 0.978 and 0.975, respectively. Besides, the highest potential showed a nonlinear relationship with the dosage of herbs, with the relative coefficient of 0.999. This method was also used to discriminate the R. giganteum and R. roseum. They were similar in appearance, but their fingerprints were quite different. Independent sample t test results showed that there were significant differences in the oscillation time, the maximum amplitude and the induction time, providing a basis for the identification of the basic sources of Herba Rhodobryi Rasei.
Quality Control

Pathogenic bacterial infection is one of the main clinical symptoms. Antibiotics are widely used in clinical practice to inhibit or kill the bacteria， fungi and other pathogenic microorganisms. However， with the massive use of antibiotics， drug-resistant strains continue to appear that make the antibacterial situation is becoming increasingly severe. Due to the advantages of multiple targets， multiple pathways and multiple components， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） have gradually attracted more attention and were used in antibacterial treatment. However， some antimicrobial TCM have problems such as low solubility， poor stability， and low bioavailability. Improving and enhancing the antibacterial activity of TCM through preparation technology is one of the effective solutions. Based on this， two aspects of unilateral antibacterial TCM preparation technology and combination antibacterial preparation technology are introduced， including inclusion technology， nanotechnology， electrospinning， 3D printing and others. Distinctive features and specific application effects of these preparation technologies are explained firstly， and then their advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed. The review can be a useful reference for improving the antibacterial activity of TCM.