OBJECTIVETo assess the relationship between the XRCC1 polymorphism and susceptibility to lung cancer in non-smoking female on the basis of a hospital-based case-control study.

METHODSGenotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 50 patients with lung cancer and 50 controls. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression model to study the relationship between different genotypes and risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women. Furthermore, a multiplicative interaction between exposure to cooking oil smoke and the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele on risk of lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated.

RESULTSIndividuals carrying Gln/Gln genotype were at an increased risk to suffer from lung adenocarcinoma as compared with those with the Arg/Arg genotype (OR: 14.12; 95% CI: 2.14 approximately 92.95, adjusted for age and cooking oil smoke). The OR of lung adenocarcinoma for the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele with exposure to cooking oil smoke was 6.29 (95% CI 1.99 approximately 19.85).

CONCLUSIONThe above described findings indicate that Arg 399Gln polymorphism in the XRCC1 is associated with risk of lung adenocarcinoma but not with risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung in non-smoking women.

Adenocarcinoma ; etiology ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cooking ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Assessment ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the characteristics of the preputial development in Chinese boys and indications as well as occasion of circumcision.

METHODSThe shape and retractability of prepuce were evaluated in 1,015 Chinese boys from 0 to 18 years old without heteroplasia of prepuce and penis.

RESULTSRatio of children with phimosis decreases progressively with increasing age, from 64.09% in the first group (0 approximately 3 years old) to 7.66% in the fourth group (11 approximately 18 years old).

CONCLUSIONPhimosis and incomplete separation of the prepuce is normal in the neonate and infant. Prepuce will separate from the glans progressively till adolescence, so it's unnecessary to perform circumcision for them when without any complications.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Circumcision, Male ; Contraindications ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; Phimosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect and toxicity of oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine (Xeloda) as a second-line chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced gastric cancer.

METHODSTwenty-four patients with advanced gastric cancer who had been treated by multiple chemotherapy regimens presenting poor responses were allotted. LX regimen (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m(2) in 2-hour infusion on D1 and D15, capecitabine 1250 mg/m(2)/d divided in two daily doses given from D1 to D14) was adopted. The cycles were repeated every 28 days. All patients received two or more cycles.

RESULTSAll 24 patients were evaluated after having received 2 to 6 cycles of chemotherapy, totally 92 cycles. The overall response rate was 29.2% (including 2 CR, 5 PR, 10 NC and 7 PD). The time to tumor progression (TTP) was 2 to 18 months (median 5 months), and duration of remission was 4 to 14 months (median 8 months). The major toxicities were bone marrow suppression and nausea/vomiting.

CONCLUSIONOxaliplatin combined with capitabine is effective as a secondary line regimen for patients with advanced gastric cancer. This protocol is active and well tolerated. Further clinical studies are warranted.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Capecitabine ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neutropenia ; chemically induced ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Remission Induction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

Aged ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; secondary

Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy of biliary drainage with single pigtail plastic pancreatic stent after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)treating choledocholithiasis.Methods:Clinical data of 105 patients with common bile duct stones treated by ERCP from October 2014 to October 2016 in Shanghai East Hospital were analyzed retrospeoctively.These patients were divided into stenting group(n=38)and control group(n=67).The stenting group received ERCP+endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation(EPBD)+calculus removed+single pigtail plastic pancreatic stent for biliary drainage,while the control group underwent ERCP+EST/EPBD+calculus removed+ENBD.The incidences of post-ERCP acute pancreatitis(PEP)in the two groups were compared.The stent fall and dislodging in stenting group were observed.Objective:The incidence of PEP was 13.1％(5/38)in stenting group and 14.9％(10/67)in control group.In the stenting group,3 patients had stent dislodged on the first day after ERCP.One patient got stent removed from bile duct on the third day due to upper abdomen discomfort.The stents in 8 patients were removed successfully by endoscopy while they failed in self-releasing in 2 weeks.In the other 26 patients,without complications,the stents dislodged successfully and were excreted outside through the digestive tract.Conclusions:After ERCP treating choledocholithiasis,the application of single pigtail plastic pancreatic stent bile duct drainage can prevent the incidence of PEP,reduce the severity degree of PEP,and the stent can successfully dislodged without complications.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate plus nucleoside analogues (MGL + NA) combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B using a meta-analysis approach.

METHODSThe Chinese Biochemical literature on Disc (CBMDisc) and the Chinese Scientific Journal database, CNKI, were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MGL+NA in patients with chronic hepatitis B published between 1995 and 2013. Data related to treatment type (combination therapy vs. mono-therapy) and outcome (markers of efficacy and safety, including levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)). Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated and the Peto method was used to determine the relative risk (RR), both with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTSMeta-analysis of the six included RCTs of MGL + NA, representing a 704 patients with chronic hepatitis B, showed WMDs for ALT of -12.98 (95% CI: -18.24 to -7.71, P less than 0.01) and for AST of -9.49 (95% CI: -14.53 to -4.45, P = 0.0002) and RRs for HBeAg of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.17 to 2.76, P = 0.008) and for HBV DNA of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.74, P = 0.02). The therapeutic efficacy of MGL+NA combination therapy was better than that of NA mono-therapy (P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONFor patients with chronic hepatitis B, MGL combination therapy may enhance the antiviral efficacy of NA treatment and help to improve liver function during treatment.

Objective?To investigate the feasibility, safety, operating essentials and the short-term therapeutic effect of total laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer by Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction (NOSES).?Methods?The clinical data of 50 patients underwent total laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer by NOSES from January 2016 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.?Results?All of the 50 patients with colorectal cancer successfully received total laparoscopic resection by NOSES. None of the patients had serious postoperative complications and death related to the operation. The average operating time was (140.0 ± 29.0) minutes. The blood loss was (70.0 ± 23.4) ml. The number of lymph nodes harvested were (14.0 ± 2.3). There was no bacteria infection in abdominopelvic cavity post-operation and no recurrence occurred until the end of postoperative follow- up. Postoperative time of bed rest was (2.0 ± 0.5) days. The time of the first anal exhaust was (2.0 ± 0.5) days. The postoperative hospitalization stay was (8.5 ± 3.0) days. There was none case of lung infection while one case of anastomotic leakage. No cancer cells remained in resection margin. No local recurrence and metastasis was found in all patients after follow-up for 3 to 24 months.?Conclusion?Total laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer by NOSES is safe and feasible, and has the advantage of minimally invasive, less pain, rapid rehabilitation, good cosmetic effect and less postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of puerarin on the learning-memory disorder after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and to explore its mechanism of action.

METHODSThe global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established using the modifified Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin (100 mg/kg) 1 h before ischemia and once every 6 h afterwards. The learning-memory ability was evaluated by the passive avoidance test. The dynamic changes of the cell counts of apoptosis and positive expression of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus CA1 region were determined by the TUNEL and immunohistochemical methods, respectively.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the reperfusion group, the step through latency (STL) in the passive avoidance test in the puerarin group was prolonged signifificantly (P<0.01). (2) The apoptotic neurons were injured most severely on the 3rd day in the hippocampal CA1 region after global ischemia and reperfusion. In the puerarin group, the number of apoptotic cells decreased at respective time points after ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.01). (3) The level of positive expression of Bcl-2 varied according to the duration of reperfusion and the peak level occurred on day 1 in the hippocampal CA1 region after global cerebral ischemia. Compared with the reperfusion group, the expression of Bcl-2 in the puerarin group was up-regulated at the respective time points after ischemia reperfusion (P<0.01), reaching the peak on day 1.

CONCLUSIONSPuerarin could improve the learning-memory ability after global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats. The protective mechanism might be related to the effect of inhibiting or delaying the cell apoptosis through up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 after ischemia and reperfusion.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; pathology ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory Disorders ; complications ; drug therapy ; Models, Biological ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reaction Time ; drug effects ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore a new approach to the management of malignant biliary obstruction using percutaneous transhepatic biliary radiofrequency and endoprothesis.

METHODSPercutaneous transhepatic biliary radiofrequency and endoprothesis were performed in 2 cases of malignant biliary obstruction, including 1 of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and 1 of pancreatic head carcinoma. The tumor was ablated with radiofrequency followed by placement of matched metal stents into the biliary duct.

RESULTSThe surgical procedures were carried out smoothly in the 2 cases. The symptoms of the patients were obviously improved after the operation with a significant decrease in the serum levels of total bilirubin, and CA-199 level decreased to the normal level in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONSThis new approach is safe for management of malignant biliary obstruction. Compared with the more conventional interventional therapy, radiofrequency can reduce the intraoperative bleeding and arrest the local tumor growth to promote the patency of the stent as well as the postoperative survival of the patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; etiology ; surgery ; Male ; Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Stents

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the predictive value of serum inhibin B (INH B) levels as an indicator of the presence of testicular spermatozoa in nonobstructive azoospermia.

METHODSForty patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), 20 patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA), and 10 fertile volunteers were involved in this study. A chemoluminescence method was used to measure the levels of FSH; Inhibin B was analysed by using sandwich enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay.

RESULTSPatients with nonobstructive azoospermia has significantly higher levels of serum FSH [(21.34 +/- 12.15) IU/L] and significantly lower levels of inhibin B [(53.15 +/- 58.74) ng/L] than patients with obstructive azoospermia [FSH: (3.94 +/- 1.52) IU/L, INH B: (162.49 +/- 78.38) ng/L, P < 0.01] and fertile volunteers [FSH: (4.27 +/- 2.84) IU/L, INH B: (228.49 +/- 110.68) ng/L, P < 0.01]. Mean serum inhibin B were significantly higher in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia who had spermatozoa on TESE than in those in whom no spermatozoa was found on TESE [INHB: (90.31 +/- 72.18) ng/L vs (19.54 +/- 20.38) ng/L, r = 0.528, P < 0.01], but mean FSH levels did not have similar predictive power (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSerum INH B level seems to be more accurate than serum FSH in the prediction of presence of testicular spermatozoa in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. Serum inhibin B determination may be substitute of TESE as a diagnostic index.

Adult ; Azoospermia ; blood ; diagnosis ; Case-Control Studies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Humans ; Inhibins ; blood ; Luminescent Measurements ; Male ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Spermatozoa ; physiology ; Testis ; physiology ; surgery