Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) of three different frequencies (2 Hz,80 Hz and 2 Hz/80 Hz) on the free radicals in hippocampus of vascular dementia (VD) model mice.Methods:A total of 100 Kunming mice were randomly divided into a sham operation group,a model group,a 2 Hz EA group,an 80 Hz EA group and a 2 Hz/80 Hz EA group,with 20 mice in each group.The ischemia-reperfusion VD model was established by repeated blockade of bilateral common carotid arteries.Mice in EA groups began EA treatment on the 4th day after the operation.Baihui (GV 20),Dazhui (GV 14),Geshu (BL 17) and Zusanli (ST 36) were punctured and then connected to EA instrument,with different waves of 2 Hz,80 Hz or 2 Hz/80 Hz (10 min/time) applied accordingly,once a day.During the jumping stand experiment,the learning performance,memory performance and hippocampal calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP),nitric oxide synthase (NOS),malondialdehyde (MDA),changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and true choline esterase (TChE) were observed.In hippocampus,the CGRP level was determined by radioimmunoassay;the MDA level was determined by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method;the activities of NOS and TChE were determined by spectrophotometry;the activity of SOD was determined by xanthine oxidase method.Results:Compared with the sham operation group,the performances of learning and memory decreased significantly in the model group (P＜0.01);in hippocampus,the CGRP level decreased,the MDA level increased,the activities of NOS and TChE increased,and the activity of SOD decreased in the model group.Compared with the model group,the learning and memory performances of the EA groups were significantly improved (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);in hippocampus,the CGRP level increased,the MDA level decreased,the NOS and TChE activities decreased,and the SOD activity increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Among EA groups,the 2 Hz/80 Hz EA group was superior to the 2 Hz EA group and the 80 Hz EA group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:EA can improve the cognitive impairment of mice with ischemia-reperfusion VD.The mechanism may be related to the improvement of cerebral blood circulation,regulation of the central neurotransmitters,fighting lipid peroxidation and promoting nerve cell repair.The therapeutic effects of EA with different frequencies were different,and the intervention effect by EA at 2 Hz/80Hz is the most significant.

Objective To investigate the hyperglycemia rate and its correlative factors for the undiagnosed diabetes population in Xuhui District of Shanghai, and to provide the basis for early intervention of diabetes mellitus. Methods Multi-stage cluster sampling was adopted by probability proportionate to size method, and physical examination information and questionnaires were made and collected from 10 130 and 9085 people in 2010 and 2015 respectively from 5 000 households, blood-glucose being examined at the same time.Univariate analysis was made by t test and χ² test and logistic regression was used for analysis of related factors. Results In 2010 and 2015, the diabetes incidence rate was 2.21% and 1.93% respectively, and the hyperglycemia incidence rate in 2015 was higher than that in 2010 (15.28% vs. 12.63%), both increased with age and BMI value.The rate was higher in those with lower education, abnormal blood pressure, self-reported hypertension, self-reported coronary heart disease and smokers.The logistic regression analysis results showed the incidence of diabetes was positively correlated with age, BMI, abnormal blood pressure and smoking, while the incidence of hyperglycemia was positively correlated with the survey year, sex, age, BMI and abnormal blood pressure; both were negatively correlated with educational level. Conclusion The hyperglycemia incidence rate is high among the community undiagnosed diabetic population.We should focus on high-risk screening for diabetes mellitus, and key intervention of the population with low educational level, overweight and obesity, hypertension and unhealthy lifestyle.

Objective To investigate the health literacy level and health related behavior of high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai, and to provide basis for health literacy intervention. Methods Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the quantitative part adopted the multi-stage stratified sampling method.A total of 355 aged 15-18 from senior high schools in Xuhui District were selected for face-to-face survey.The qualitative part adopted the form of group interviews, and 20 students from two senior high schools in Xuhui District were selected for interviews. Results The health literacy level of high school students in Xuhui District was 27.32%, which was lower than that of adults in the same period.Among the three dimensions, the level of basic knowledge and concept literacy was the highest, followed by the level of health basic skills literacy, the level of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy was the lowest; among the six types of health problems, the level of infectious disease prevention literacy and basic medical literacy was at a low level.Statistical analysis of the correct answer rate showed that the answer rate of various questions in the health literacy survey was quite different.Further analysis of the health-related behavioral characteristics of high school students showed that most students had correct health concept and awareness of health change, but they encountered resistance in the process of knowledge transformation into action, which mainly came from academic burden, school education, peer influence and so on.The main channels for high school students to obtain health-related information were classroom, parents, school and various media.They had a high degree of trust in medical professionals and encountered difficulties in seeking health information. Conclusion The health literacy level of senior high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai needs to be improved.We should explore a health intervention model more suitable for the behavioral characteristics of this group weak links in their health literacy.

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects of warm needle moxibustion and medication on osteoporosis and to study the mechanism.

METHODSForty cases were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a medication group, 20 cases in each group. The acupuncture group was treated by warm needle moxibustion at Dazhu (BL 11), Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34) etc. once other day, for 3 months; and the medication group was treated by oral administration of tablet Caltrate with Vit D2 for 3 months. The changes of bone mass density (BMD), estradiol (E2), osteocalcin (bone growth protein, BGP), urine calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) in the two groups before and after treatment and therapeutic effects were investigated.

RESULTSAfter treatment, BMD significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the acupuncture group and did not signifi cantly changed in the medication group (P>0.05) with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment E2 level significantly increased as compared with before treatment in both of groups (P<0.01); after treatment BGP significantly decreased as compared with before treatment in both of groups (P<0.01); after treatment Ca/Cr significantly decreased as compared with before treatment in the acupuncture group (P<0.05) ; af ter treatment, there were significant differences in BGP and Ca/Cr between the two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The clinically controlled rate in the acupuncture group and in the medication group were 35.0%, 5.0%, respectively, the therapeutic effect of the acupuncture group being better than that of the medication group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of warm needle moxibustion on osteoporosis is better than that of oral administration of tablet Caltrate with Vit D2 and it can increase levels of hormones and delay bone loss. It is an effective method for preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Calcium ; urine ; Creatinine ; urine ; Estradiol ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Osteocalcin ; metabolism ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate 18q21 LOH in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and chronic pancreatitis by fluorescence in-situ hybrydization (FISH) technique, and to analyze the relationship between 18q21 LOH and clinicopathologic characteristics.

METHODSRP11-729G3 and RP11-850A17, the regions on 18q21, were selected as the target fragments, the region RP11-621L6, close to the centromere of chromosome 18, was selected as the reference fragment. The specific BAC clones were used to isolate and purify the corresponding genomic DNA, which were labeled with biotin or DIG by nick translation into dual color probes. 18q21 LOH was assessed by dual-color FISH in 30 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 10 cases of chronic pancreatitis. All samples were 10% formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. The relationship between 18q21 LOH and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed.

RESULTSAmong 30 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 25 cases showed LOH at the region RP11-729G3 (83.3%), and 26 cases showed LOH at the region RP11-850A17 (86.6%). Among these, 25 cases with LOH at both regions, 1 case showed LOH only at the region of RP11-850A17. No LOH was found in 10 cases of chronic pancreatitis.

CONCLUSIONS18q21 LOH is a high-frequency event in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. LOH at the regions RP11-729G3 and RP11-850A17 demonstrates a high concordance. 18q21 may play an important role during pancreatic carcinogenesis and tumor progression. 18q21 LOH may be used as a diagnostic marker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; classification ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; classification ; genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of topoisomerase IIalpha (TOP2A) and HER2/neu genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas of Chinese patients, and to determine their roles during carcinogenesis and tumor progression.

METHODSExpressions of TOP2A and HER2/neu proteins were detected by using immunohistochemistry, while gene amplifications of TOP2A and HER2/neu were assessed by using multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). All the samples were of paraffin embedded and 10% formalin fixed tissue, including 26 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with adjacent non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues, 10 cases of chronic panreatitis, and 10 cases of normal pancreas. The correlation between TOP2A and HER2/neu gene status was analyzed.

RESULTSBy immunohistochemistry, the nuclear positive index of TOP2A in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas varied from 0.5% to 70%, and the positive rate of HER2/neu in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas was 46.2% (12/26). By FISH, 9/10 TOP2A amplified adenocarcinomas showed TOP2A and HER2/neu gene coamplification, while one case with HER2/neu gene amplification adenocarcinoma showed no TOP2A amplification. No expression of TOP2A, HER2/neu proteins and no amplification of TOP2A and HER2/neu gene were detected in adjacent non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues, chronic pancreatitis tissues and normal pancreas. No relationship was found between protein expression and gene amplification of TOP2A and HER2/neu (P > 0.05). TOP2A gene amplification was significantly correlated with HER2/neu gene amplification (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSProtein expression of TOP2A and HER2/neu are not associated with the gene amplification. There is a significant correlation between TOP2A amplification and HER2/neu gene amplification. Co-amplification of TOP2A and HER2/neu may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of pancreatic carcinoma. Evaluation of the status of TOP2A and HER2/neu may be helpful to achieve target therapy of pancreatic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical indication of N3 lymph node biopsy during mediastinoscopy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSCervical mediastinoscopy was performed in 89 patients with clinical stage I-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer prior to thoracotomy. Of those, 12 underwent cervical medistinoscopy combined with right scalene lymph node biopsy and 10 with anterior mediastinotomy.

RESULTSNine patients were found to have lymph node metastasis (N3 disease) during mediastinosopy. Of those, 6 had contralateral mediastinal lymph node metastasis and 3 cases with right scalene lymph node metastasis. The incidence of N3 disease in the patients with adenocarcinoma, serum CEA > 5 ng/ml and multi-station mediastinal lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in those with non-adenocarcinoma, CEA < 5 ng/ml and ipsilateral uni-station mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBiopsy of scalene lymph node or contralateral mediastinal lymph node should be performed during mediastinoscopy in order to exclude N3 disease for potentially operable NSCLC patients with adenocarcinoma, serum CEA >5 ng/ml and ipsilateral multi-station mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma ; blood ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; blood ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mediastinoscopy ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Neck Muscles ; Neoplasm Staging

OBJECTIVE: Improve the quality of testing in medical device manufacturers clean workshops to ensure the authenticity and reliability of testing data. METHODS: Analyze the problems and influencing factors found in the process of testing of medical device manufacturers clean workshops from 2016 to 2020, and put forward reasonable suggestions to ensure the quality of testing. RESULTS: In the process of testing, there are six factors that affect the quality of testing, including testing personnel, instruments and equipment, testing consumables, testing methods, testing environment and actual operation. CONCLUSIONS To improve the quality of testing, should strengthen the training of testing personnel, continuously improve the testing quality management system, establish an effective information communication mechanism, find out the influencing factors in time, provide objective, real and effective testing data for medical device manufacturing enterprises, and provide technical support for the production and supervision of medical devices.
Commerce ; Equipment and Supplies ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of two elastic pedicle internal fixation systems in single-segment lumbar disc herniation fenestration. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 64 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation treated by surgery from June 2019 to March 2021. According to the different elastic fixation systems placed during the operation, the patients were divided into ordinary pedicle screw elastic rod link group (elastic rod group) and a special elastic pedicle screw rigid rod fixed connection group (elastic screw group). There were 33 cases in the elastic rod group, including 18 males and 15 females, aged from 30 to 69 years old with an average of(49.18±10.23) years old;and 31 cases in the elastic screw group, including 16 males and 15 females, aged from 32 to 68 with an average of (49.81±9.24) years old. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative wound drainage, and postoperative landing time of the two groups were recorded separately. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were compared before and 3, 12 months after operation. The height of the adjacent vertebral space on the lateral DR film before and 12 months after the operation was measured. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by Macnab standard. RESULTS: All the patients successfully completed the operation, and were followed up. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative wound drainage and postoperative landing time in the elastic rod group were(63.73±12.01) min, (89.55±16.07) ml, (81.67±16.00) ml, (3.45±0.75) d , while in the elastic nail group was (62.96±11.54) min, (88.35±17.14) ml, (82.29±15.40) ml, (3.29±0.78) d, the difference was not statistically significant. The symptoms of low back pain and lower extremity numbness were significantly improved in all patients after operation. There was no significant difference in VAS, JOA score and ODI between the two groups before and after surgery (P>0.05). At 12 months after operation, there was no significant difference in the height of the adjacent vertebral space between the upper adjacent vertebral body and the same segment before operation(P>0.05), and there was no significant difference between the groups before and after the operation. According to Macnab criteria, the elastic rod group was excellent in 30 cases, good in 2 cases, fair in 1 case, while the elastic nail group was excellent in 29 cases, good in 2 cases, fair in 0 cases, and there was no significant difference(Z=-0.42, P=0.68). CONCLUSION In fenestrated nucleus pulposus extraction for lumbar disc herniation, the two elastic pedicle internal fixation systems are equally effective and can be used. The elastic screw internal fixation system has certain advantages when the distance between the two vertebral bodies is short, and the elastic rod cannot be placed or is difficult to be placed, and it is more widely used.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery* ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery* ; Spinal Fusion ; Nucleus Pulposus ; Retrospective Studies ; Pedicle Screws ; Treatment Outcome ; Postoperative Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupotomy on the morphology and ultrastructure of rectus femoris muscle in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis and to reveal the possible therapeutic mechanism involved in the effect of acupotomology on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA). METHODS: Twenty-four male New Zealand rabbits aged 6 months and weighed (2.0±0.5) kg were randomly divided into blank group, model group and acupotomy group, 8 rabbits in each group. KOA model was established by modified Videman method with left hind limb extended plaster immobility for 6 weeks. In acupotomy group, the transfascial focal points of quadriceps femoris muscle were released by acupotomy under the guidance of Jingjin theory for 4 times and once a week, and the treatment points include Hedingci, Binwaixia, Binneixia. Blank group and model group were fed normally without intervention. One week after the end of the intervention, the pennation angle(PA), muscle thickness(MT), cross-sectional area(CSA) and strain ratio(SR) of rectus femoris were measured by ultrasound. HE staining was used to observe the changes of the tissue morphology, the number of muscle fibers and the average area of muscle fibers. The myofibril of rectus femoris, sarcomere and myofilament were observed by transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The PA of rectus femoris muscle in the blank group was (9.05±0.21)°. The MT was(1.09±0.09) cm and the CSA was(1.30±0.01) cm². The PA of rectus femoris muscle in the model group was (3.06±0.15)°. The MT was (0.71±0.02) cm and the CSA was(0.77±0.02) cm². The PA of rectus femoris muscle in the acupotomy group was (6.94±0.28)°. The MT was (0.80±0.05) cm and the CSA was(0.94±0.03) cm². The muscle PA, MT and CSA of rectus femoris in the model group were significantly smaller than those in the blank group (P<0.05). Those in acupotomy group were significantly increased compared with those in model group (P<0.05). The SR of rectus femoris muscle was 1.19±0.02 in the blank group, 3.50±0.05 in the model group and 1.99±0.07 in the acupotomy group. The elastic SR of the model group was significantly higher than that of the blank group (P<0.05). These in acupotomy group was significantly lower than that in model group(P<0.05). The results of HE staining showed:in blank group, the fascicles of rectus femoris were arranged neatly, the number of beam of muscle fibers within the fixed visual field was 94.38±3.50 and the average CSA was(0.75±0.22) mm². In model group, the fascicles of rectus femoris with different sizes were disorganized with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, the number of beam of muscle fibers within the fixed visual field was 196.63±2.62 and the average CSA was(0.26±0.03) mm². Compared to the blank group, a significant increase in the number of muscle fibers in the fixed field in the model group (P<0.05) and the average CSA decreased significantly(P<0.05). In acupotomy group, the rectus femoris fascicles in the acupotomy group tended to be arranged in a more orderly manner, with the inflammatory cells decreased, the number of beam of muscle fibers within the fixed visual field was 132.88±4.61 and the average CSA was(0.70±0.07) mm². Compared to the model group, a significant decrease in the number of muscle fibers in the fixed field in the model group(P<0.05) and the average CSA increased significantly(P<0.05). The results of transmission electron microscope showed:compared with the blank group, the overall arrangement of the myofibrils of the rectus femoris in the model group was less structured. There was fracture between the muscle fibers and the sarcomere, the myofilaments were disordered, and the fracture of the Z line was discontinuous. Compared with the model group, the myofibrillar texture of rectus femoris in acupotomy group was clearer, and the Z line was more continuous. CONCLUSION Based on the jingjin theory, the release of quadriceps femoris by acupotomy can effectively improve the morphology and structure of rectus femoris, and promote the repair and reconstruction of chronic skeletal muscle injury in rabbits with KOA, which may be one of the mechanisms of acupotomy in the treatment of KOA.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy* ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonography