With the rapid economic growth and social development in the BRICS countries, the role of devel-opment assistance for health is becoming more and more significant. This paper describes the scales, recipient coun-tries, mechanisms and characteristics and management systems of development assistance for health in BRICS coun-tries. The paper suggests that a) it is necessary to set up a centralized international aid management agency;b) the mode of development assistance for health must be optimized;c) the scale of development assistance for health shall be increased ( over time);d) each BRIC country should use its own comparative advantages and development experi-ence to carry out development assistance for health while strengthening the cooperative power among the BRICS coun-tries;e) development assistance for health data should be more transparent and open;f) the evaluation of develop-ment assistance for health must be established and perfected.

Objective To compare the effects of hepatic vein occlusion with tourniquet and Satinsky clamp in reseeting liver tumor involving the second hepatic portal.Methods From Jan 2003 to Jun 2006,180 patients underwent major liver resection with the selective hepatic vascular exclusion (SHVE).According to methods of hepatic vein occlusion,they were divided into two groups:Occlusion with tourniquet(tourniquet group,n=95)and occlusion with Satinsky clamp(Satinsky clamp group,n= 85).In tourniquet group,the hepatic veins were encircled and occluded with tourniquet,and in Satinsky clamp group,the hepatic veins were not encircled and clamped directly with Satinsky clamp.Data regarding the intraoperative and postoperative courses of the patients were analyzed.Results There was no difference between the two groups regarding the operating time,ischemia time,intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications rate.The dissecting time of hepatic veins was significantly shorter in Satinsky group(6.2?2.4 min vs 18.3?6.2 min).lu the tourniquet group,five hepatic veins(one fight hepatic vein and four common trunk of left-middle hepatic veins)could not be dissected and encircled because of the tumors involving the cava hepatic junction.Another patient's common trunk of left-middle hepatic vein was inadvertently lacerated during the dissection.Hepatic veins in these 6 patients were occluded with Satinsky clamp successfully.Conclusion Occlusion with Satinsky clamping is safer and easier procedure than tourniquets in the resection of liver tumor involving the second porta hepatis.

This study was aimed to investigate the conditions of culturing in vitro mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow of children with acute leukemia and the biological characteristics of MSCs from leukemia children. The bone marrow MSCs of acute leukemia children were isolated by density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent segregating method and cultured in DMEM/F12. The morphology of Wright stained MSCs was observed under inverted microscope. Cell surface markers were analyzed with flow cytometry. The growth characteristic features of cultured MSCs was measured with MTT method. Induced adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in appropriate induction media was observed. The results indicated that BM-MSCs of acute leukemia children could be successfully cultured in vitro in appropriate conditions. At 24 hours of culture the MSCs began to adhere to wall, grew in colony and appeared in different shapes. As the culture lasted, the MSCs proliferated continuously and shaped in fusiform. After 2 - 3 weeks of culture, MSCs covered the bottom of culture flask. The analysis of growth feature showed that MSCs were in latency for 3 days, and then entered into growth period. After 8 days of culture the growth of MSCs showed to be in plateau stage. The shape of MSCs in 1st and 2nd generation showed to be heterogeneous but the 3rd generation to be homogeneous with long-fusiform. Cells were arranged in shape of whirlpool or radiation. The surface marker analysis showed that the MSCs were positive for CD105, CD29, CD13, but negative for CD34, CD45, CD14 and HLA-DR. The MSCs from leukemia children could be induced into adipocytes and osteocytes in appropriate conditions. It is concluded that (1) MSCs derived from children with acute leukemia can be successfully cultured and passaged in vitro; (2) MSCs from leukemia children not received chemotherapy are more successfully cultured in vitro than those received chemotherapy; (3) the common biological characteristics of MSCs from children with acute leukemia are same as the MSCs from healthy person.
Adolescent ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and coupling factor 6 (CF6) induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

METHODSCultured HUVEC of passage 3-5 were stimulated with TNF-alpha and then cultured in the presence of rosiglitazone. The expression of CF6 and NF-kappaB subunit p65 were evaluated by immunocytochemistical method.

RESULTSPretreatment of HUVECs with rosiglitazone inhibited TNF-alpha-induced expression of CF6 in a dose-dependent manner. The activation of CF6 stimulated by TNF-alpha was suppressed by ROS in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONTNF-alpha-induced enhancement of the gene expression and release of CF6 is mediated by activation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway. ROS can inhibit the activation of IKK, block NF-kappaB signaling pathway and inhibit the expression of CF6, which may be the mechanism underlying the action of TZDs on hypertension.

Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases ; biosynthesis ; NF-kappa B ; biosynthesis ; Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling Factors ; biosynthesis ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

Objective: To facilitate the functional analysis of chromosomal genes and their products, the recombineering technique to epitope tagging of chromosomal genes of Y. pestis was adapted. Methods: The epitope tag was generated by primer annealing and then fused with resistance gene by fusion PCR. The epitope-resistance cassette was inserted into pBluecript, resulted in the template plasmid, pBS-MH. The tagging cassette for rpoS was obtained by PCR amplification from pBS-MH with primers containing homology specific to the target gene. PCR products were transformed into recombination competent cells and recombinants were selected. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to confirm the correct tagging event. The expression of the tagged protein was detected with Western blot by using monoclonal antibody to the epitope. Results: The template plasmid containing fusion of epitope and resistance gene was successfully constructed. The sigma factor gene, rpoS, was tagged with a myc-his tag at the COOH terminus. Expression of the tagged rpoS was successfully detected indirectly by the antibody against His tag. Conclusion: The chromosomal gene tagging by recombineering technique represents a powerful tool in the functional study of bacterial genes and their products.

Using SDS-PAGE analysis, the High-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits of two Crithopsis delileana accessions were detected. It was found that the two accessions had the same HMW glutenin subunits. Only one HMW glutenin subunit with the similar electrophoresis mobility to the y-type HMW glutenin subunit of hexaploid wheat was observed in C. delileana. However, It was indicated that this glutenin subunit was an x-type glutenin subunit Kx by gene sequence analysis. The full coding region of Kx gene is 2052bp and could encodes a mature protein with 661 amino acid residues. The Kx gene could be expressed in the bacterial expression system, and the expressed protein had the same electrophoresis mobility as that in the seed of C. delileana. The primary structure of Kx subunit was very similar to the x-type HMW glutenin subunits encoded by the A, B and D genomes of wheat, the C and U genomes of Aegilops, and the R genome of Secale cereale. In the phylogenetic analysis, Kx subunit was clustered together with Ax1 subunit by an interior parallelled branch. In conclsion, Kx gene is a novel x type glutenin subunit gene from C. delileana.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Genes, Plant ; Glutens ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Poaceae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Triticum ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the difference in the clinical efficacy on female chronic pyelonephritis between abdominal cluster-needling therapy and western medicine so as to explore the optimal therapeutic method for the disease.

METHODSSeventy cases of female chronic pyelonephritis were randomized into an abdominal cluster-needling group and levofloxacin group, 35 cases in each one. In the abdominal cluster-needling group, the lower abdominal point was selected in combination with Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3). The treatment was given once a day and 10 treatments made one session. In the levofloxacin group, levofloxacin capsules were prescribed for oral administration, once a day. Three months later, the clinical efficacy was observed before and after treatment in two groups.

RESULTSThe curative rate was 65.7% (23/35) and the total effective rate was 100.0% (35/35) in the abdominal cluster-needling group. The curative rate was 22.9%, (8/35) and the total effective rate was 71.4% (25/35) in the levofloxacin group. The clinical efficacy in the abdominal cluster-needling group was superior to that in the levofloxacin group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe abdominal cluster-needling therapy achieves the significant efficacy on female chronic pyelonephritis and it is the optimal therapy for the disease.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pyelonephritis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the hyperglycemia rate and its correlative factors for the undiagnosed diabetes population in Xuhui District of Shanghai, and to provide the basis for early intervention of diabetes mellitus. Methods Multi-stage cluster sampling was adopted by probability proportionate to size method, and physical examination information and questionnaires were made and collected from 10 130 and 9085 people in 2010 and 2015 respectively from 5 000 households, blood-glucose being examined at the same time.Univariate analysis was made by t test and χ² test and logistic regression was used for analysis of related factors. Results In 2010 and 2015, the diabetes incidence rate was 2.21% and 1.93% respectively, and the hyperglycemia incidence rate in 2015 was higher than that in 2010 (15.28% vs. 12.63%), both increased with age and BMI value.The rate was higher in those with lower education, abnormal blood pressure, self-reported hypertension, self-reported coronary heart disease and smokers.The logistic regression analysis results showed the incidence of diabetes was positively correlated with age, BMI, abnormal blood pressure and smoking, while the incidence of hyperglycemia was positively correlated with the survey year, sex, age, BMI and abnormal blood pressure; both were negatively correlated with educational level. Conclusion The hyperglycemia incidence rate is high among the community undiagnosed diabetic population.We should focus on high-risk screening for diabetes mellitus, and key intervention of the population with low educational level, overweight and obesity, hypertension and unhealthy lifestyle.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) on patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-four patients with extensive stage SCLC treated in our department between January 2003 and December 2006 were enrolled in this study. Eighty nine patients received chemotherapy and thoracic radiation therapy (ChT/TRT), and 65 patients were treated with chemotherapy alone (ChT without TRT). The chemotherapy was CE (carboplatin and etoposide), PE (cisplatin and etoposide) or CAO (CTX, ADM and VCR) regimens. The total dose of thoracic irradiation was 40-60 Gy with 1.8 - 2.0 Gy per fraction.

RESULTSFor the whole group, the median survival time (MST) was 13.7 months, the 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 27.9% and 8.1%, respectively. The MST, overall survival rates at 2 years and 5 years in the ChT/TRT group and ChT without TRT group were 17.2 months, 36.0%, 10.1% and 9.3 months, 16.9%, 4.6%, respectively (P = 0.001). The median progression-free survival (PFS) for all patients was 8.0 months, the 2-year and 5-year PFS were 13.6% and 8.2%, respectively. The median PFS, 2-year and 5-year PFS in the ChT/TRT group and ChT without TRT group were 10.0 months, 17.4%, 10.5% and 6.2 months, 9.8%, 4.9%, respectively (P < 0.001). The incidence of intra-thoracic local failure was 29.6% in the ChT/TRT group and 70.0% in the ChT/without TRT group (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSChemotherapy plus thoracic radiation therapy can improve the overall survival, progress free survival and reduce local regional failure rate in patients with extensive stage SCLC compared with that by chemotherapy alone.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carboplatin ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Etoposide ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Survival Rate

This study was purposed to investigate the changes of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells and NK cells in peripheral blood of acute leukemia children at different stages, the function of immune system and the possible roles of the CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells as well as NK cells in leukemia immunity. The number and proportion of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells and NK cells were detected by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of 53 acute leukemia children, including 25 patients in new diagnosis and 28 patients in continuous complete remission (CCR), and were compared with that of 20 normal children. The results indicated that the mean proportion of CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(+) in CD4(+) T cells of peripheral blood in newly diagnosed patients, patients with CCR and normal children were (9.55 +/- 2.41)%, (8.54 +/- 2.51)% and (6.25 +/- 0.85)% respectively, the mean proportions of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(+) in newly diagnosed patients and patients with CCR were higher than that in normal children, the mean proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(+) in newly diagnosed patients were higher than that in patients with CCR (p < 0.05). At the same time, the NK cell count in patients with acute leukaemia decreased as compared with normal control, while after achieving CCR, the NK cell count in patients were also less than that in normal control (4.11 +/- 3.87% and 10.41 +/- 7.20% vs 14.06 +/- 5.95%, p < 0.05). It is concluded that the application of CD4(+), CD25(+) and CD127(+) to detect regulatory T cells is a simple, reproductive and accurate method, and the CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(+) T cells can better reflect the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. The increase of regulatory T cells and decrease of NK cells in pediatric patients with acute leukemia indicate that the function of NK cells may be depressed. Treg T cells play a role in occurrence and development of leukemia, and are involved in down-regulating NK cell function.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Leukemia ; blood ; immunology ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology