Objective To investigate the expression of p21-activated kinase4 (PAK4) in human gastric cancer, and to evaluate the correlation of PAK4 protein level with clinical pathologic parameters. Methods Immunohistochemical method was employed for detecting the expression of PAK4 in tissue samples obtained from 95 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment. Western blot was also used to measure the expression of PAK4 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa in 40 patients and also in 7 human gastric cancer cell lines. Results Immunohistochemical staining results showed that positive PAK4 expression in the gastric cancer tissues was 67.4%, and 96.9% of those (62/64) was located in the cytoplasm, while only 3.1% (2/64) was on the cell membrane. Expression of PAK4 was revealed to be significantly and positively correlated with both TNM stage (X2=10. 426, P<0.01) and lymph node metastasis (X2= 4.912, P<0.05 ). Western blot showed that PAK4 expression of gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that of adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa (t=-5. 978, P<0.01). Expression of PAK4 could also be detected in 7 human gastric cancer cell lines. Compared with GES-1, expression of PAK4 is higher in MKN45, AGS, N87 and BGC823, but it was lower in MGC803, MKN1 and SGC7901. Conclusion The overexpression of p21-activated kinase4 (PAK4) may be correlated with the carcinogenesis and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of p21-activated kinase4 (PAK4) in human gastric cancer, and to evaluate the correlation of PAK4 protein level with clinical pathologic parameters. Methods Immunohistochemical method was employed for detecting the expression of PAK4 in tissue samples obtained from 95 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment. Western blot was also used to measure the expression of PAK4 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa in 40 patients and also in 7 human gastric cancer cell lines. Results Immunohistochemical staining results showed that positive PAK4 expression in the gastric cancer tissues was 67.4%, and 96.9% of those (62/64) was located in the cytoplasm, while only 3.1% (2/64) was on the cell membrane. Expression of PAK4 was revealed to be significantly and positively correlated with both TNM stage (X2=10. 426, P<0.01) and lymph node metastasis (X2= 4.912, P<0.05 ). Western blot showed that PAK4 expression of gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that of adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa (t=-5. 978, P<0.01). Expression of PAK4 could also be detected in 7 human gastric cancer cell lines. Compared with GES-1, expression of PAK4 is higher in MKN45, AGS, N87 and BGC823, but it was lower in MGC803, MKN1 and SGC7901. Conclusion The overexpression of p21-activated kinase4 (PAK4) may be correlated with the carcinogenesis and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Adult ; Biopsy ; DNA ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of commercial peritoneal dialysate (CDS) on function of macrophage. METHODS: Cultured peritoneal macrophages were divided into two experimental groups and their controls.(1) Macrophages were cultured in conditioned culture medium containing 50%CDS (0.139 mol/L glucose) for 24 h. (2)Macrophage were exposed to CDS containing 0.139mol/L glucose for 10, 30 and 60 min respectively, and then cultured in CDS-free medium for 24 h. The nitric oxide (NO) production and MTT in two groups were measured. In each control group, CDS was replaced by same amount of culture medium. RESULTS: NO production and MTT reduction ability (related to cell viability) of experimental groups were remarkably lower than those of controls and the NO production and MTT reduction in 60min CDS-exposed group were lower than that of 10 min and 30 min CDS-exposed group. CONCLUSION: Dialysate may have detrimental effects on viability and other function of macrophage and these effects may related to time length of CDS exposure.

This article introduces the definition, classification, premarket admission and other administering specialities about In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents in the U.S.A. and China. And by analyzing manufacture and administration of In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents in our country, It is pointed out that a suitable administering model in accordance with the characteristics of In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents should be adopted to perfect the administration.
China ; Device Approval ; Indicators and Reagents ; classification ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; classification ; standards ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

This article makes a pilot study on the key points of the quality management system of in-vitro diagnostic reagents by analyzing the technical characteristics and production methods of these products as well as the status in quo, and problems the in-vitro diagnostic reagent industry in China is facing nowadays. It can serve as a reference to the supervision departments and the manufacturers in this field which are establishing and running the quality management system.
China ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; chemistry ; standards ; Pilot Projects ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; organization & administration ; Quality Control ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; standards ; Safety Management ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; organization & administration ; standards ; Total Quality Management

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the inhibitory effect mediated by combination of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting different sites of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts on the viral replication and antigen expression in vitro.

METHODS(1) Seven siRNAs targeting surface (S), polymerase (P) or precore (PreC) region of HBV genome were designed and chemically synthesized. (2) HBV-producing HepG2.2.15 cells were treated with or without siRNAs for 72 h. (3) HBsAg and HBeAg in the cell culture medium were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. (4) Intracellular viral DNA was quantified by real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). (5) HBV viral mRNA was reverse transcribed and quantified by real-time PCR. (6) The change of cell cycle and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry.

RESULTSOur data demonstrated that synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting S and PreC gene could efficiently and specifically inhibit HBV replication and antigen expression. The expression of HBsAg and HBeAg and the replication of HBV could be specifically inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by siRNAs. Furthermore, our results showed that the combination of siRNAs targeting various regions could inhibit HBV replication and antigen expression in a more efficient way than the use of single siRNA at the same final concentration. No apoptotic change was observed in the cell after siRNA treatment.

CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrated that siRNAs exerted robust and specific inhibition on HBV replication and antigen expression in a cell culture system and combination of siRNAs targeting different regions exhibited more potency.

Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Viral ; biosynthesis ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virus Replication ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Kanglaite injection(KLT) on the proliferation and telomerase activity of mesangial cells in rats.

METHODMTT, telomere repeat amplification protocal (TRAP), ELISA, PAGE and silver-stain were applied to detect the growth rate and telomerase activity of MC after stimulation of KLT and IL-1.

RESULTThe growth rate of MC was enhanced by IL-1 stimulation, which was accompanied with a redection of the activity of telomerase. Adversely, the growth rate of MC was reduced by KLT, which was accompanied with an enhancement of activity of telomerase. Moreover, the growth rate of MC and the activity of telomerase were both inhibited by the combinative use of IL-1 and KLT without any influence from the sequence of their administration.

CONCLUSIONKLT could inhibit proliferation and telomerase activity of MC with or without pre-stimulation with IL-1. KLT might be useful to prevent and treat glomerular nephritis related to MC proliferation.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Coix ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glomerular Mesangium ; cytology ; enzymology ; Injections ; Plant Oils ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Telomerase ; metabolism

AIM:To understand the clinic effect of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) drugs injection in the treatment of fundus disease in the real-world study (RWS).METHODS:The clinical cases treated with anti-VEGF drugs in our department from September 2012 to June 2015 were enrolled in this study.Retrospective investigation was reviewed to the kinds of diseases, frequency, usage, efficacy, adverse reaction, and the effects on visual acuity, fundus and macular thickness which were treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs injection.RESULTS:In 305 patients (340 eyes) treated with anti-VEGF drugs, 53 patients (60 eyes, 17.6%) were wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) 16 cases (18 eyes, 5.3%), diabetic macular edema (DME) 120 cases (134 eyes, 39.4%), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) secondary macular edema 61 cases (68 eyes, 20.0%), central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) secondary macular edema 29 cases (32 eyes, 9.4%), idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (ICNV) 16 cases (18 eyes, 5.3%), high myopia with choroid neovascularization 4 cases (4 eyes, 1.2%), neovascular glaucoma 4 cases (4 eyes, 1.2%), retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) 1 cases (1 eyes, 0.2%) and optic papillary neovascularization 1 cases (1 eyes, 0.2%).The minimum age was 16 years old, and the maximum age 90 years old.There were 247 cases (275 eyes, 80.9%) were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection, 58 cases (65 eyes, 19.1%) intravitreal conbercept injection.The time number of all patients accepted anti-VEGF drugs treatment was 465, with an average of 1.7 times per eye.Which, the 3 + PRN treatment method in 98 patients (109 eyes, 32.1%), 1 + PRN treatment in 207 patients (231 eyes, 67.9%).69 cases (77 eyes, 22.6%) were used alone to receive anti-VEGF drugs therapy, 10 cases (11 eyes, 3.2%) combined with intravitreal triamcinolone injection(TA), 35 cases (39 eyes, 11.5%) combined with vitrectomy, 26 cases (29 eyes, 8.5%) combined with photodynamic treatment (PDT), 165 cases (184 eyes, 54.1%) combined with simple laser treatment.After anti-VEGF drug treatment, majority of patients' the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus and central macular thickness(CMT) were significantly improved, compared with the pre-treatment, the difference is significant (P<0.05).So that anti-VEGF drugs can effectively improve visual function and ocular fundus for fundus diseses.There were no serious adverse reactions except 3 patients appearling skin redness, itching, rash, 1 patient low low-grade fever and 1 patient acute cerebral infarction during the treatment.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs injection can significantly improve the visual function and ocular fundus for patients with fundus diseases, but there are still some adverse events, which should be attached great importance to medical workers.

To analyze the genetic characteristics of echovirus 6 (E6) isolated from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province, China, we collected cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2012 for virus isolation. Viral RNAs were extracted from positive isolates, and complete VP1 coding regions were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Six isolates were identified as E6 by microneutralization assay and molecular typing. The homology analysis showed that the six isolates had 78. 6%-99. 8% nucleotide and 95. 5%-100. 0% amino acid identities with each other, as well as 76. 9%-78. 4% nucleotide and 92. 3%-95. 1% amino acid identities with the prototype strain (D' Amori). The phylogenetic analysis based on the integrated VP1 sequences indicated that all Shandong E6 isolates could be separated into four clusters, designated as A, B, C, and D. The six E6 isolates belonged to clusters A, B, and D. Our study reveals high genetic differences between Shandong E6 isolates and suggests different transmission lineages of E6 co-circulated in Shandong Province.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Echovirus 6, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Encephalitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Meningitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics