Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is bitter, sweet, and cold in nature, and has the effects of clearing heat, dispelling fire, nourishing Yin, and moisturizing dryness. It is associated with the lung, stomach, and kidney meridians, and is mainly distributed in the northwestern and northern regions of China. Modern research has shown that Anemarrhenae Rhizoma contains various chemical active constituents, including steroidal saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, lignans, volatile oils, and alkaloids. These constituents exhibit pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. However, there have been few comprehensive summaries of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma in recent years, which has limited its in-depth research and development. The complexity of traditional Chinese medicine constituents, along with their quality and efficacy, is easily influenced by processing, preparation, and the growing environment and resource distribution. This paper summarizes the resources, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effects of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and predicts its quality markers(Q-markers) from several aspects, including the specificity of chemical composition, properties related to preparation and active ingredients, measurability of chemical components, compounding environment, construction of the ″active ingredient-target″ network pathway, and differences in active ingredient content from different origins and parts. These predicted Q-markers may provide a basis for improving the quality evaluation system of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma.
Anemarrhena/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Humans ; Animals ; Quality Control

Objective To explore the effects of different test positions on quantitative muscle strength of wrist and finger flexor muscle groups and to establish a standardized muscle strength test protocol for each muscle group.Methods Forty healthy subjects (12 males and 28 females) were recruited.A portable digital quantitative muscle strength tester,Micro FET2TM,was used to measure the flexor muscle strength of each finger and the wrist joint at the 30° extension,0° neutral,and 30° flexion,respectively.Palmar abduction strength of the thumb was measured at 30° and 60°,respectively.Ten subjects were randomly selected from the 40 subjects,and the quantitative muscle strength of each muscle group was tested again by the same operator after an interval of 10 to 15 days.Results Except for the fact that in males,there was no significant difference in flexor muscle strength of thumb and wrist joint between 30° of wrist extension and neutral 0° position,the muscle strength of the other fingers flexion and wrist palmar flexor showed the following characteristics:30° of wrist extension>neutral 0° posi-tion>30° of flexion,and the PAST was 30°>60°;The flexor muscle strength of all the subjects was thumb>index finger>middle finger>ring finger>little finger;All muscle strength values of male were greater than those of female,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);There was no significant difference between the left and right side muscle strength values of all subjects (P>0.05).The reliability of muscle strength values measured at different times in 10 subjects was good.Conclu-sion The quantitative muscle strength of each muscle group of the hand and wrist is affected by the test position,and a standardized and uniformed test position should be adopted in the actual identification.Micro FET2TM has good reliability for hand and wrist quantitative muscle strength testing.The 30° ex-tension of the wrist can be used as the best standardized test position for the flexion muscle strength of each finger and wrist joint.The 30° position can be used as the best standardized test position for PAST.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and the most common type of arthritis. It involves almost any joint and can lead to chronic pain and disability. In the late 19th century, Roentgen discovered X-rays, and then began to use radiotherapy to treat tumors. In the 1980s, Luckey thought that low-level radiation (LDRT) might be beneficial to biology, and it was gradually applied to the treatment of some diseases. This paper introduces the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations and treatment methods of OA, points out that the cartilage injury and the important effect of synovial inflammation in the pathogenesis of OA, namely when the homeostasis of articular cartilage are destroyed, synthetic metabolism and catabolism imbalances, cartilage cells damaged their breakdown products consumed by synovial cells. Synovial cells and synovial macrophages secrete proinflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases and proteolytic enzymes, leading to cartilage matrix degradation and chondrocyte damage, which aggravates synovial inflammation and cartilage damage, forming a vicious cycle. The possible mechanism and clinical research progress of LDRT in alleviating OA are discussed. LDRT can regulate inflammatory response, inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and promote the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby achieving anti-inflammatory effect. Studies have shown that after irradiation, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was decreased, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of superoxide were inhibited, the anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages was differentiated from M1 to M2, the inflammatory CD8⁺ T cells were transformed into CD4⁺ T cells, and the number of dendritic cells (DC) was significantly reduced. LDRT inhibit the production of proinflammatory factors in leukocytes, reduce their recruitment and adhesion, and down-regulate the expression levels of cell adhesion molecules such as selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule (VCAM). LDRT can regulate endothelial cells, stimulate endothelial cells to produce a large amount of TGF-β1, reduce the adhesion of endothelial cells to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of LDRT. It also exerted anti-inflammatory effects by regulating mitochondrial growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). After low-level radiation, the MMP-13 (matrix metalloproteinases-13) and the ADAMTS5 (recombinant a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-5) decreased, the Col2a1 (collagen type 2) increased in chondrocytes. In the existing clinical studies, most patients can achieve relief of joint pain and recovery of joint mobility after irradiation, and the patients have good feedback on the efficacy. The adverse reactions (acute reactions and carcinogenic risks) caused by LDRT in the treatment of OA are also discussed. During the treatment of OA, a few patients have symptoms such as redness, dryness or itching at the joint skin, and the symptoms are mild and do not require further treatment. Patients are thus able to tolerate more frequent and longer doses of radiotherapy. In general, LDRT itself has the advantages of non-invasive, less adverse reactions, and shows the effect of pain relief and movement improvement in the treatment of OA. Therefore, LDRT has a broad application prospect in the treatment of OA.

Objective Human papillomavirus(HPV)is a detriment virus to human health,because it can cause malignant tumors.HPV vaccine has been developed and plays an important role in preventing a range of diseases caused by HPV.HPV vaccine as a primary prevention measure,has demonstrated excellent protective efficacy and safety in preventing HPV-related infection and cervical cancer.This article summarizes the application of preventive HPV vaccine and its safety,and provides reference for the widespread vaccination of HPV vaccine in China.

Objective:To investigate the status quo of training and domestic use of 707 clinical nutrition support specialty nurses from 21 provinces,cities,and autonomous regions in China. And to analyze their influencing factors and provide reference for improving the training system of clinical nutrition support specialty nurses,selection and development of specialist nurses in clinical nutrition support. Methods:From October to November 2023,a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 707 clinical nutrition support specialty nurses from 21 provinces,cities,and autonomous regions across China was conducted using a convenience sampling method based on a questionnaire about the training and home use of clinical nutrition support nurses. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the use status and application of clinical nutrition support specialty nurses in five aspects:clinical nursing practice,nursing education,nursing management,coordination,nursing research and consultation. Results:The use of specialist clinical nutrition support nurses is not ideal,with 75.67％ of specialist nurses scoring less than 208 points (i.e. less than 80％ of the total score). Among the use of different dimensions,the clinical nursing practice dimension received the highest score (54.17±10.26),followed by the nursing education dimension (36.98±8.00). The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that hospital level and professional title are independent influencing factors influencing the use and development of specialist nurses. Conclusion:There is a need to further improve the utilisation of clinical nutrition support nurses. It is recommended that links and cooperation between hospitals at all levels,communities,and families be strengthened. For specialist nurses with higher professional titles,encourage them to fully play their roles,strengthen training in weak areas,continuously optimize the professional ability of clinical nutrition support nursing teams,comprehensively improve the quality of clinical nutrition support specialist nursing,and promote their high-level development.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from n-butanol fraction of Corydalis impatiens(Pall.)Fisch.and their antioxidant activities.METHODS The n-butanol fraction was isolated and purified by silica gel,MCI,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH method and tyrosinase method.RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as nicotinamide(1),methyl L-pyroglutamate(2),bungeanoline F(3),monomethyl fumarate(4),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(6),hydroxybenzoate(7),methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate(8),methyl ferulate(9),dimethylcaffeic acid(10),dimethyl feruloyl malate(11),(-)-4-O-feruloylquinic acid(12),syringaresinol(13)and(-)-loliolide(14).Compounds 1,8,11 and 13 showed strong antioxidant activites on DPPH free radicals,with IC50 values ranging from 54.47 to 97.4 μmol/L.Compound 13 had potential inhibitory effect on tyrosinase.CONCLUSION Compounds 4-14 are first isolated from Corydalis genus,and 3 is isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 1,8,11 and 13 have strong antioxidant activities.

Based on whole genome data, the identification and expression pattern analysis of the Atropa belladonna WRKY transcription factor family were conducted to provide a theoretical foundation for studying the biological functions and mechanisms of these transcription factors. In this study, bioinformatics methods were employed to identify members of the A. belladonna WRKY gene family and to predict their physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, and chromosomal localization. Additionally, the expression patterns of the A. belladonna WRKY gene family under the regulation of environmental factors such as light quality and temperature were analyzed. The results revealed a total of 28 AbWRKY transcription factors, randomly distributed across 16 chromosomes, encoding 324-707 amino acids. Most AbWRKY proteins were acidic, unstable, and hydrophilic. Based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the WRKY gene family members were classified into two subfamilies. Conserved motif and domain analysis indicated that WRKY transcription factors in the same subfamily possessed conserved structural features. Promoter analysis predicted that the A. belladonna WRKY family contained light-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and stress-responsive elements. Collinearity analysis showed that AbWRKY24 plays a crucial role in the expansion of the AbWRKY gene family. Then qRT-PCR results indicated that AbWRKY6, AbWRKY8, AbWRKY14, and AbWRKY24 responded to red light stress, while AbWRKY8, AbWRKY14, and AbWRKY24 responded to yellow light/low-temperature combined stress. AbWRKY6 and AbWRKY8 were significantly expressed in leaves and stems, AbWRKY27 and AbWRKY28 were significantly expressed in fibrous roots, and AbWRKY25 was significantly expressed in flowers. This study is the first to identify and analyze the WRKY gene family in A. belladonna and to examine its expression patterns under light and temperature regulation, laying a foundation for in-depth analysis and functional validation of the molecular mechanisms of A. belladonna WRKY transcription factors in responding to light quality and temperature environmental factors.
Transcription Factors/chemistry* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Light ; Temperature ; Atropa belladonna/metabolism* ; Multigene Family/genetics* ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics* ; Sequence Alignment ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Genome, Plant/genetics*

The fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is an RNA demethylase required for catalytic demethylation of N ⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A); it is highly expressed and functions as an oncogene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Currently, the overarching objective of targeting FTO is to precisely inhibit the catalytic activity. Meanwhile, whether FTO degradation also exerts antileukemic effects remains unknown. Herein, we designed the first FTO-targeting proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degrader QP73 using our FTO inhibitor Dac85-which potently inhibits FTO demethylation in AML cell lines-as a warhead. Notably, QP73 significantly induced FTO degradation in a time-, dose-, and ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent manner and had superior antiproliferative activities to the FTO inhibitor Dac85 in various AML cell lines. Moreover, QP73 treatment significantly increased m⁶A modification on mRNA, promoted myeloid differentiation, and induced apoptosis of AML cells. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed that QP73 induced complete FTO degradation, upregulating RARA and ASB2 abundance and downregulating CEBPA, MYC, PFKP, and LDHB levels in AML cells. Lastly, QP73 exhibited antileukemic activity by increasing m⁶A modification and decreasing FTO levels in xenograft AML tumors. This proof-of-concept study shows that FTO-targeting PROTAC degraders can regulate the FTO signaling pathway and have potential antileukemia applications.

【Objective】 To investigate the expressions of P53 and Ki-67 in prostate cancer (PCa)and to explore their correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics. 【Methods】 The expressions of P53 and Ki-67 in 90 PCa patients were detected with immunohistochemistry. Patients’ age, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, postoperative Gleason score, pathological stage, and invasion of neurovascular cancer embolus of all patients were recorded. The relationship of P53 expression with the above indexes was evaluated. 【Results】 The positive rates of P53 and Ki-67 were 27.8% (25/90) and 46.7% (42/90), respectively. The positive rate of P53 in pT2 and pT3-T4 stage groups were 19.7% (13/66) and 50.0% (12/24) (P=0.005), and the positive rate of Ki-67 were 36.4% (24/66) and 75.0% (18/24) (P=0.001), respectively. The positive rate of Ki-67 in Gleason score ≤6, ≤7 and ≥8 groups were 30.4%, 53.8% and 66.7%, respectively, with statistical difference. Positive expression of P53 was related to Ki-67 expression, but not to patients’ age, preoperative PSA level, postoperative Gleason score and nerve and invasion of neurovascular cancer embolus. 【Conclusion】 P53 expression is related to tumor stage and Ki-67, while Ki-67 expression is associated with tumor stage ang grade.